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The Vedas are a comprehensive body of sacred literature that have guided the Indian way of life for millennia. These texts have been preserved in their pristine form over time, by the study and application of many special techniques. The vedas have six auxiliary 艣腻蝉迟谤补蝉, also called the 峁�a岣峚峁単补蝉 (six limbs) which a student has to master before he is said to be a proficient. These are 艢颈办峁Ｄ� (phonetics), 痴测腻办补谤补峁嘺 (grammar), Nirukta (Etymology), Chandas (Meter) and 闯测辞迟颈峁�a (Astronomy), Kalpa (Ritual). Of these, 艣颈办峁Ｄ� enjoys the pride of place, due to the paramount importance that ancient Indians placed on phonetics and phonology. It can be said that it is because of the level of perfection that has been achieved in 艣颈办峁Ｄ� that Vedic recitation has been preserved intact, over such a long period of time, in a country of such vast geographical proportions, and a people of such diversity.

Mantras, when broken down into their basic elements, are made up of letters and sounds. 艢颈办峁Ｄ� is the technical study of these letters, their sounds, accents, pronunciations and intonations, 尘腻迟谤腻-办腻濒补 of the alphabets and such like. They also deal with the way the Vedas are to be taught and learnt. Each of the Vedas has its own set of 艣颈办峁Ｄ� texts which prescribe rules relating to the study of its contents.

There also exists a body of literature called the 笔谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻蝉. There is a very thin line that separates 艣颈办峁Ｄ� and 辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻 texts. While 艣颈办峁Ｄ乻 are texts on general phonetics, 辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻s are believed to be more in the order of applied phonetics. Though 辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻 texts contain most of the information available in 艣颈办峁Ｄ�, there are still some aspects such as accents, relations between vowels and consonants and such like which are rarely seen in 辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻s. In fact, many commentators on 辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻s have relied on 艣颈办峁Ｄ� texts for minute knowledge of phonetic principles.

There are several 艣颈办峁Ｄ� texts that belong to the four Vedas. Some of the prominent ones are, P膩峁噄n墨测a 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 痴腻蝉颈峁ａ弓丑墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, M膩峁囜笉奴k墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, K膩ty膩yan墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, P膩r膩艣ar墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ� etc. Some like N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, due to their association with the 厂腻尘补 Veda, speak of musical aspects in great detail. There exists one 艢颈办峁Ｄ� text titled Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� which belongs to the Yajur Veda that claims an association with Kohala.

1 Source of the Text 

The text of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� has been edited (based on Manuscript -MD 893) by Sadhu Ram and has been published in the 鈥楯ournal of Vedic Studies鈥�, edited by Dr. Raghuvira. It has also been reprinted in the book titled 鈥榁edic Studies鈥擜 collection of Research Papers of Dr. Raghuvira鈥�, edited by Mrs. Sharada Rani.

2 Contents of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�

Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� is a small work consisting of eighty one 补苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫 verses. Unlike some 艢颈办峁Ｄ� texts like Vy膩sa 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, this work has not been divided into chapters. 

It is a common practice for 艢颈办峁Ｄ� texts to begin with the statement鈥斺赌�atha 艣颈办峁Ｄ佱箖 辫谤补惫补办峁�y腻尘颈.........鈥�

Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� too begins the same way:

啶呧ぅ 啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶距�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶掂�曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶距ぎ啶� 啶曕�屶す啶侧��啶�啶�啶むぞ啶ㄠ�佮�椸ぞ啶�啷�

atha 艣颈办峁Ｄ佱箖 辫谤补惫补办峁�y腻尘颈 kauhal墨测amat膩nug膩m 

This is followed by the definitions and the different qualities (诲峁涐笉丑补迟腻, 尘峁沝耻迟腻, sthaulyam, etc.) associated with the four svaras (accents) namely 耻诲腻迟迟补, an耻诲腻迟迟补, svarita and pracaya. Subsequently, the names of the 鈥榮even varieties of the svarita svaras鈥� and their definitions are given. 

The names of the svaritas mentioned are鈥�

1. Nitya;
2. 碍峁�a颈辫谤补;
3. Abhinihata;
4. 笔谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补;
5. 笔谤腻迟颈丑补迟补;
6. 笔腻诲补惫峁泃迟补;
7. 罢补颈谤辞惫测补帽箩补苍补;

It is interesting to note that these varieties of svarita are also found in N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ�. However, there are some minor differences. 

For instance, the note called nitya is called 箩腻迟测补 and the note called pratihata is called 迟颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补 in the N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ�. 

啶溹ぞ啶む�嵿く啶� 啶曕�嵿し啷堗お啷嵿ぐ啷嬥き啶苦え啶苦す啶苦い啶膏�嵿い啷堗ぐ啶掂�嵿く啶炧�嵿�溹�� 啶忇さ 啶� 啷� 啶むた啶班�嬥さ啶苦ぐ啶距ぎ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶多�嵿げ啶苦し啷嵿�熰�� 啶�啶距う啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶多�嵿�� 啶膏お啷嵿い啶�啶� 啷� 啷�.啷�.啷оウ 啷�

箩腻迟测补岣� k峁�aiprobhinihitastairavya帽jana eva ca | 迟颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补岣� 辫谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补岣� 辫腻诲补惫峁泃迟补艣肠补 蝉补辫迟补尘补岣� || 1.8.10 || 

鈥擭膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ�: 1986: p. 50

Apart from the Vedic svaras Prathama, 顿惫颈迟墨测补, 罢峁泃墨测补, Caturtha, Mandra, 碍谤耻峁ａ弓补 and 础迟颈蝉惫腻谤补, the N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ� also names of the seven svaras used in music鈥拢补尘别濒测 峁�a岣峧补, 峁氠梗补产丑补, 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤补, Madhyama, 笔补帽肠补尘补, Dhaivata and 狈颈峁Ｄ乨补 which can also be found in the second 办补峁囜笉颈办腻. But it must be borne in mind that the N膩rad墨测膩 艢颈办峁Ｄ� belongs to the 厂腻尘补 veda and therefore music/ singing related topics become part and parcel of its content. 碍补耻丑补濒墨测补艣颈办峁�a however, belongs to the Yajur veda and hence does not need to deal with subjects relating to predominantly musical practices. 

The enumeration of the svaras is followed by an explanation of the seven varieites of the svarita svara, kampa, vikrama svara, nine types of svara-combinations in words (pad膩n膩m svaralak峁２贯箛am), hasta-svara-惫颈苍测腻蝉补 and 尘腻迟谤腻lak峁２贯箛am.

3 Significance of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� 

The Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� is recognized as an important work on 艢颈办峁Ｄ�. In the Siddh膩nta-艣颈办峁Ｄ�-惫测腻办丑测腻, 艢谤墨苍颈惫腻蝉补 places this work fifth while delineating the nine important 艢颈办峁Ｄ� texts. 

啶�啶距ぐ啶︵�嵿さ啶距��-啶掂�嵿く啶距��-啶�啶距ぐ啶�-啶多ぎ啷嵿き啷�-啶曕�屶す啶�-啶灌ぞ啶班��啶�-啶�啷嬥ぇ啶距く啶�-啶掂ぞ啶膏た啶粪�嵿��-啶掂ぞ啶侧�嵿ぎ啷�啶曕た

产丑腻谤补诲惫腻箩补-惫测腻蝉补-辫腻谤颈-艣补尘产丑耻-kauhala-丑腻谤墨迟补-产辞诲丑腻测补苍补-惫腻蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补-惫腻濒尘墨办颈

Raguvira also quotes three verses listing the most important works on 艢颈办峁Ｄ� and which mention the work of Kauhali in the eighth place therein.

啶�啷嵿ぐ啶ムぎ啶� 啶掂�嵿く啶距じ啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶� 啶む�� 啶侧�曕�嵿し啷嵿ぎ啷�啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶� 啶︵�嵿さ啶苦い啷�啶�啶曕ぎ啷� 啷�
啶�啶距ぐ啶︵�嵿さ啶距�溹�� 啶む�冟い啷�啶�啶� 啶む�� 啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶距ぐ啶｀�嵿く 啶む�佮ぐ啷�啶�啶曕ぎ啷� 啷�
啶�啶炧�嵿�氞ぎ啶� 啶多ぎ啷嵿き啷佮ざ啶苦�曕�嵿し啶� 啶粪し啷嵿�犩�� 啶氞ぞ啶�啶苦ざ啶侧�� 啶むぅ啶� 啷�
啶膏お啷嵿い啶�啶� 啶�啶距ぃ啶苦ぃ啷囙ざ啷嵿ざ啶苦�曕�嵿し啶� 啶呧し啷嵿�熰ぎ啶� 啶曕�屶す啶侧�囙じ啷嵿い啶ムぞ 啷�
啶掂ぞ啶膏た啶粪�嵿�犩ざ啶苦�曕�嵿し啶� 啶ㄠさ啶�啷� 啶ㄠさ啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶距�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶曕��啶班�嵿い啶苦い啶距�� 啷�

辫谤补迟丑补尘补峁� 惫测腻蝉补艣颈办峁Ｄ� tu lak峁�m墨艣颈办峁Ｄ� dvit墨测akam |
产丑腻谤补诲惫腻箩墨 迟峁泃墨测腻 tu 艣颈办峁Ｄ乺补峁噛a tur墨测akam ||
辫补帽肠补尘补峁� 艣补尘产丑耻艣颈办峁Ｄ� 峁�a峁ａ弓丑补峁� c膩pi艣ala峁� tath膩 |
蝉补辫迟补尘补峁� p膩峁噄峁噀艣艣颈办峁Ｄ� 补峁ａ弓补尘补峁� kauhalestath膩 ||
惫腻蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补艣颈办峁Ｄ� 苍补惫补尘墨 nava艣颈办峁Ｄ佱弗 辫谤补办墨谤迟颈迟腻岣� |

Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� has been quoted by later authors in their works. For instance, in a commentary on 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻 titled Vaidik膩bhar补峁嘺, V. 57 and 75 have been quoted. 

The latter quotation has been introduced with the words鈥�

啶呧え啷佮さ啶距�曕ぞ啶︵��啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏ぎ啶距お啷嵿い啶苦し啷� 啶掂た啶班ぞ啶�啶曕ぞ啶侧�� 啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶距く啶距�� 啶膏�嵿ぎ啶班�嵿く啶む�� 啷�.

anuv膩k膩d墨n膩峁� sam膩pti峁�u vir膩ma办腻濒补岣� 艣颈办峁Ｄ亂膩峁� smaryate |. ^[1]

Dr. Raghuvira mentions another commentary on the 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻 titled 罢谤颈产丑腻峁�y补谤补迟苍补 which refers to the views of Kauhaleya.

啶忇さ啶�啷囙�� 啶曕�屶す啶侧�囙く 啶嗋す鈥斷う啷嵿さ啶�啷嬥�� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啷� 啶呧ぃ啷佮ぎ啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶苦�曕ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶苦し啷� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶距さ啶｀�佮ぎ啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶苦�曕ぞ啶掂�佮い啷嵿い啶班�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶曕�冟い啷嵿く啷囙い啶�

evameva kauhaleya 膩ha鈥�dvayo岣� p奴rvo 补峁噓m膩trik膩stri峁�u p奴rv膩v补峁噓m膩trik膩vuttara岣� prak峁泃yeti 

The same work also has another reference:

啶むぅ啶� 啶曕�嬥す啶侧��啶�啷� 啶灌じ啷嵿い啶掂た啶ㄠ�嵿く啶距じ啶膏ぎ啶�啷囙そ啶�啶�
啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶むお啷嵿ぐ啶氞く啶�啷嬥ぐ啶ㄠ�嵿い啶班ぞ啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦ぐ啷佮お啶︵た啶多�嵿く啶む�団赌�
啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い啶�啶距�栢�嵿く啶距い啶� 啶掂�冟し啷� 啶呧�權�嵿�椸�佮げ啷�啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶︵�囙ざ啶苦え啷�啶�啷傕げ啶ㄠた啶掂た啶粪�嵿�熰ぎ啷傕ぐ啷嵿ぇ啶� 啷�
啶夃お啶距え啷嵿い啶�啶о�嵿く啷� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶む�� 啶о�冟い啶� 啶� 啶曕え啶苦し啷嵿�犩�犩た啶曕ぞ啶�啶距ぎ啶ㄠ�佮う啶距い啷嵿い啶�啷囙�� 啷�
啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶距さ啶氞え啶�啶�啶� 啶氞�堗�� 啶掂�曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶む�団��
啶曕え啶苦し啷嵿�犩�曕ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶�啶苦�曕ぞ 啶� 啶�啶о�嵿く啶�啶� 啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶︵�囙ざ啶苦え啷� 啷�
啶ㄠ��啶氞じ啷嵿さ啶班ぞ啶о�冟い啷嬥う啶距い啷嵿い啶距え啶權�嵿�椸�佮し啷嵿�犩ぞ啶椸�嵿ぐ啷� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿う啶苦ざ啷囙い啷� 啷�

tath膩 kohal墨测e hasta惫颈苍测腻蝉补samaye'pi
蝉惫补谤颈迟补辫谤补肠补测补测辞谤补苍迟补谤腻惫峁泃迟颈谤耻辫补诲颈艣测补迟别鈥�
耻诲腻迟迟补m膩khy膩ti v峁涐梗o a峁単ul墨n膩峁� 辫谤补诲别艣颈苍墨m奴lanivi峁ａ弓am奴rdh膩 |
耻辫腻苍迟补尘补诲丑测别 蝉惫补谤颈迟补峁� 诲丑峁泃补峁� ca kani峁ａ弓ha峁環ik膩y膩man耻诲腻迟迟补meva ||
艣颈办峁Ｄ乿acanamapi caiva vak峁�yate鈥�
kani峁ａ弓hak膩n膩mik膩 ca 尘补诲丑测补尘腻 ca 辫谤补诲别艣颈苍墨 |
n墨casvar膩dh峁泃od膩tt膩na峁単u峁ａ弓h膩gre nirdi艣et ||^[2]

It is interesting to note that the latter verse is found verbatim in the text of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� as verse no.37, and the former is not.

4 Kohala as the author of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�

Regarding the true name of the author of this work, there seems to be some uncertainty. Some possible names that arise are Kohala, Kauhala, Kauhal墨测a, Kauhaleya and Kauhaliputra. At the outset it must be understood that this work (i.e. Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�) has not directly been composed by any of these authorities. This work represents the versified presentation of his views.^[3] Here an attempt is made to determine whether this work is connected to Kohala. 

The title of this work Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� can be interpreted as 鈥�Kauhal墨测asya 艢颈办峁Ｄ佲��(The 艢颈办峁Ｄ� of Kauhal墨测a). Some possible grammatical derivations for the name 鈥楰auhal墨测a鈥� are given below. These are based on the 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 from 笔腻峁噄苍颈鈥檚 础峁ａ弓腻诲丑测腻测墨.

i. If the word that is to be derived should mean a book/work composed by the subject (碍补谤迟腻), the following derivation is to be used.

Step No.	厂奴迟谤补	Meaning	Derivation
i.	k峁泃e granthe (4.3.116)	补峁� pratyaya along with 腻诲颈 惫峁沝诲丑颈 is added to the base	kauhala +a(峁�)
ii.	yasyeti ca (6.4.148)	The first 补办腻谤补 is elided	kauhal + a
iii.	岣峺膩p pr膩tipadik膩t	Addition of sup
	蝉惫补耻箩补蝉补尘补耻峁�.....		办补耻丑补濒补岣�

The compound word that means 鈥榓 work of Kohala鈥� would have the form 鈥�碍补耻丑补濒补岣�鈥�.

ii. If the word that is to be derived should mean 鈥榮poken by鈥� (views of) the subject, the following derivation is to be used.

Step No.	厂奴迟谤补	Meaning	Derivation
i.	tena 辫谤辞办迟补峁�鈥�(4.3.101)	cha pratyaya is to be added	kohala + cha
ii.	膩yaney墨n墨测iya岣� pha-岣峢补-kha-cha-gh膩峁� pratyay膩d墨n膩m (7.1.2)	cha pratyaya is replaced by 墨测	kohala + 墨测
iii.	yasyeti ca (6.4.148)	The first 补办腻谤补 is elided	kohal + 墨测
iv.	蝉惫补耻箩补蝉补尘补耻峁�.....	Addition of sup	kohal墨测a岣�

The taddhita word that means 鈥榯he opinions spoken of by鈥� Kohala would have the form 鈥�Kohal墨测a岣�鈥�.

If Kohala is assumed to be the author of this work, then neither of the first two mentioned formations would give us the required form鈥�kauhal墨测a岣�. 鈥�kohalena 办峁泃补岣� 驳谤补苍迟丑补岣�鈥� would result in the form 鈥�办补耻丑补濒补岣�鈥� and kohalena 辫谤辞办迟补峁� would result in the form 鈥�kohal墨测a岣�鈥� and not kauhal墨测a岣�. Therefore on the basis of the grammatical derivations of the words in the title, it can be said that Kohala is not the author of this work. That being the case, a question arises as to whether there is at least an indirect connection between Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� and Kohala. To answer this, the taddhita forms in 补辫补迟测腻谤迟丑补 are being examined. 

iii. If the word that is to be derived should mean 鈥榦ffspring of鈥� the subject (碍补谤迟腻), the following derivations are to be used.

Step No.	厂奴迟谤补	Meaning	Derivation
i.	迟补蝉测腻辫补迟测补尘 (4.1.92)	Addition of 补峁� pratyaya after the base word	kohala + a(峁�)
ii.	迟补诲诲丑颈迟别峁�v补肠腻尘腻诲别岣� (7.2.117)	腻诲颈 惫峁沝诲丑颈	kauhala + a
iii.	yasyeti ca (6.4.148)	The first 补办腻谤补 is elided	kauhal + a
iv.	蝉惫补耻箩补蝉补尘补耻峁�.....	Addition of sup	办补耻丑补濒补岣�

If the 补辫补迟测腻谤迟丑补 is taken into consideration, then the form that will arise as a result of combining the words kohalasya 补辫补迟测补峁� will be 办补耻丑补濒补岣�.

There is another taddhita form which can be obtained in the 补辫补迟测腻谤迟丑补. The derivation is as follows:

Step No.	厂奴迟谤补	Meaning	Derivation
i.	ata i帽 (4.1.95)	i帽 pratyaya is to be added after the base word	kohala +i(帽)
ii.	迟补诲诲丑颈迟别峁�v补肠腻尘腻诲别岣� (7.2.117)	腻诲颈 惫峁沝诲丑颈	kauhala + i
iii.	yasyeti ca (6.4.148)	The first 补办腻谤补 is elided	kauhal + i
iv.	蝉惫补耻箩补蝉补尘补耻峁�.....	Addition of sup	办补耻丑补濒颈岣�

Thus a second possible form if the 补辫补迟测腻谤迟丑补 taddhita is performed is 鈥�碍补耻丑补濒颈岣�鈥�.&苍产蝉辫;

Yet another taddhita form in 补辫补迟测腻谤迟丑补 is derived thus:

Step No.	厂奴迟谤补	Meaning	Derivation
i.	艣ubhr腻诲颈bhya艣ca (4.1.123)	岣峢补k pratyaya is to be added after the base word	kohala +岣峢补(k)
ii.	kiti ca (7.2.118)	腻诲颈 惫峁沝诲丑颈	kauhala + 岣峢补
iii.	膩yaney墨n墨测iya岣� pha-岣峢补-kha-cha-gh膩峁� pratyay膩d墨n膩m (7.1.2)	岣峢补 pratyaya is replaced by ey	kauhala + ey
iv.	yasyeti ca (6.4.148)	The first 补办腻谤补 is elided	kauhal + ey
v.	蝉惫补耻箩补蝉补尘补耻峁�.....	Addition of sup	办补耻丑补濒别测补岣�

鈥�kohalasya 补辫补迟测补峁�鈥� would result in one of three forms namely鈥敯�补耻丑补濒颈岣�, 碍补耻丑补濒补岣� or 办补耻丑补濒别测补岣� (son of Kohala). If the forms 碍补耻丑补濒颈岣� or 碍补耻丑补濒补岣� (meaning 鈥榦ffspring of Kohala) are subjected to the 蝉奴迟谤补 鈥楾ena proktam鈥� (Ref. Para 2), then the taddhita form kauhal墨测a岣� (Meaning-that which is spoken by the son of Kohala) can be obtained. If the title of this work 鈥�Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�鈥� is treated as a 碍补谤尘补诲丑腻谤补测补鈥斺赌�Kauhal墨测膩 ca asau 艣颈办峁Ｄ� ca鈥� then grammatically, this work can be interpreted as being that of 鈥榯he son of Kohala鈥�. Therefore it can be said that from the vy膩kar补峁嘺 perspective, there does not seem to be much of a connection between the name Kohala and Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�. 

V. Raghavan refers to a Kauhal墨测a, as one of the 18 sages who wrote 艢颈办峁Ｄ� granthas. He also states that this Kauhal墨测a is probably the son of Kohala the 狈腻峁瓂腻肠腻谤测补.^[4] (In that case a simple 迟补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a 蝉补尘腻蝉补鈥斺赌�Kauhal墨测asya 艣颈办峁Ｄ�鈥� would suffice to explain the title of this work.) R. Satyanarayana also opines that the author of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ� is different from that of Kohala. It is interesting to note that there is a set of about 40 verses that appear after the 5th chapter (辫奴谤惫补谤补峁単补 惫颈诲丑腻苍补), which bear a colophon attributing these verses to Kohala. 

Here, the form 鈥楰auhal墨测a鈥� seems to have been used:

啶囙い啶� 啶�啶距ぐ啶む��啶�啷� 啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷� 啶曕�屶す啶侧��啶�啶� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶班�權�椸さ啶苦ぇ啶距え啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶�啶炧�嵿�氞ぎ啷嬥ぇ啷嵿く啶距��-啶�啶班た啶多た啶粪�嵿�熰ぎ啷� 啷�

iti bh膩rat墨测e n膩峁瓂a艣膩stre kauhal墨测a峁� p奴rvara峁卆ga惫颈诲丑腻苍补峁� 苍腻尘补 辫补帽肠补尘辞诲丑测腻测补-pari艣i峁ａ弓am ||

鈥�狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补 of Bharatamuni: 2006: Vol. I: 217

Raghuvira mentions an opinion found in the 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-辫谤腻迟颈艣腻办丑测腻 which refers to the views of a phonetician called 碍补耻丑补濒墨辫耻迟谤补鈥�

啶む��啶掂�嵿ぐ啶むぐ啶�啶距え啷佮え啶距じ啶苦�曕�嵿く啶�啶ㄠ�佮じ啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啷嬥い啷嵿い啶�啷囙し啷嵿さ啶苦い啶� 啶多�堗い啷嵿く啶�啶ㄠ�� 啷� 啶膏ぎ啶� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶む�嵿ぐ啷囙い啶� 啶曕�屶す啶侧��啶�啷佮い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啷� (啷оキ.啷�.啷�)

t墨vrataram膩nun膩sikyamanusv膩rottame峁�viti 艣aityayana岣� | 蝉补尘补峁� sarvatreti 办补耻丑补濒墨辫耻迟谤补岣� | (17.1.2)

It is noteworthy that the opinions mentioned there do not match with the present work of Kauhal墨测a艣颈办峁Ｄ�. The New Catalogus Catalogorum mentions 鈥槹�补耻丑补濒墨辫耻迟谤��-s鈥� as being a Vedic school mentioned in the 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补 Pr膩ti艣膩khy膩 (17.2)^[5]. The 艢atapatha Br膩hm补峁嘺 refers to a name鈥�Kahola (2.4.3.1), the 碍腻峁环补办补 厂补尘丑颈迟腻 mentions a Aryala岣� K膩holi岣�, 碍补辫颈峁ａ弓丑补濒补-办补峁环补-蝉补尘丑颈迟腻 mentions a Ayala岣� K膩pho岣峣岣� (39.5:218.5) and the 艢iv腻诲颈g补峁嘺 of 笔腻峁噄苍颈 mentions a 碍补丑辞岣峚 and a Koha岣峚 together.^[6]

The different variant names are as follows:

1. Kohala;
2. 碍辞丑补岣峚;
3. Kahola;
4. 碍补丑辞岣峚;
5. 碍腻丑辞濒颈岣�;
6. 碍腻辫丑辞岣峣岣�;
7. Kauhal墨测a;
8. Kauhaleya;
9. 碍补耻丑补濒墨辫耻迟谤补;

It is noteworthy that such differences in the names are found only in works dealing with phonetics, grammar and other linguistic aspects. Works on 狈腻峁瓂补 seem to uniformly use the name鈥擪ohala to refer to the 狈腻迟测腻肠腻谤测补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Vedic Studies-A collection of Research papers: 1981

[2]:

Vedic Studies-A collection of Research papers: 1981.

[3]:

The work begins with the statement鈥斺赌�atha 艣颈办峁Ｄ佱箖 辫谤补惫补办峁�y腻尘颈 kauhal墨测amat膩nug膩m鈥�

[4]:

Collected Writings on Indian Music: 2007: p.122

[5]:

New Catalogus Catalogorum: 1969: Vol. I: p.98

[6]:

Vedic Studies-A collection of Research papers: 1981: p.390