Shadja, 峁岣峧补, 峁岣峧腻: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Shadja means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms 峁岣峧补 and 峁岣峧腻 can be transliterated into English as Sadja or Shadja, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: N膩峁瓂a-艣膩stra峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) refers to the first of the seven 鈥渕usical notes鈥� (svara), according to the N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra chapter 6, chapter 19 and chapter 28. These seven notes are part of the 鈥榲ocal representation鈥� (惫腻肠颈办补), which is used in communicating the meaning of the drama and calling forth the sentiment (rasa). The seven notes (svara) are to be used in different sentiments (rasa). For example, 峁岣峧补 and 峁涐梗补产丑补 are to be used in the heroic (惫墨谤补) and the furious (raudra) sentiment.
The presiding deity of the 峁岣峧补 musical note (svara) is defined by various sources:
N膩rad墨y膩-艣墨k峁Ｄ� 1.5.13-14 mentions that the 峁岣峧补 note is sung by Agni.
B峁沨adde艣墨 75-76 mentions Brahm膩 as the presiding deity of 峁岣峧补.
Sa峁単墨taratn膩kara 1.3.57-58 mentions Vahni (Agni) as the presiding deity of 峁岣峧补.
Sa峁僩墨tamakaranda 1.1.38, Idem.
Cf. Sa峁僩墨tar膩ja 2.1.1.264.
The following animal sounds are associated with this note:
N膩rad墨y膩-艣墨k峁Ｄ� 1.5.3 assigns this note to the cry of the peacock (尘补测奴谤补).
B峁沨adde艣墨 64, p13, 2.1-5, Idem.
Sa峁僩墨tamakaranda 1.1.13, Idem.
Sa峁単墨taratn膩kara 1.3.4.6, Idem.
Cf. Sa峁僩墨tar膩ja 2.1.1.212.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥擳he sixteenth kalpa; the sages, called 峁岣峧补nas.*
- * V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 21. 34.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shiksha (linguistics: phonetics, phonology etc.)
: Google Books: Dattilam: A Compendium of Ancient Indian Music [shiksha]峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) refers to the first of six notes (svara) in Indian music.鈥擝ecause it is situated in the nose, the throad, the chest, the palate, the tongue and the teeth, and because it springs from these six, it is traditionally called 峁岣峧补. (狈腻谤补诲墨测腻-艣颈办峁Ｄ� 1.5.7-11)
Shiksha (啶多た啶曕啶粪ぞ, 艣ik峁Ｄ�) deals with Sanskrit linguistics and represents a branch of vedanga (vedic ancillary science). Shiksha deals with subjects such as phonetics, phonology, study of sound, letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and related topics. Much attention is also given to the study of recitation (patha) of Vedic verses.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian Style峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥擨llustration of the 峁岣峧补-svara according to 15th century art.鈥擳he colour of the body of 峁岣峧补-svara is red like copper. He has six heads and four hands. He holds lotus flowers in two hands and a 惫墨峁嚹� (Indian lute) with the other two hands. His vehicle is a peacock. The colour of his scarf is yellow with a black design and the colour of the lower garment is blue like a sky with a red design.
The illustrations (of, for example 峁岣峧补) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this 肠颈迟谤腻惫补濒墨 are based on the 艣濒辞办补蝉 of V膩can膩c膩rya Ga峁噄 Sudh膩kala艣a鈥檚 Sa峁単墨topani峁ts膩roddh膩ra (14th century) and 艢膩r峁単adeva鈥檚 Sa峁単墨taratn膩kara (13th century).
Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Shodhganga: Siva Gita A Critical Study峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) or 峁岣峧补g墨t膩 refers to one of the sixty-four G墨t膩s commonly referred to in Hindu scriptures.鈥擥墨t膩 is the name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines. Most of these G墨t膩s [i.e., 峁岣峧补-g墨t膩] originate from the Mah膩bh膩rata or the various Pur膩峁嘺s.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Gitashastra (science of music)
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (gita)1) 峁岣峧腻 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿啶�) refers to one of the Seven 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻蝉 belonging to 峁岣峧补gr膩ma, according to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擳he M奴rcchan膩s represent the 鈥渁scending (腻谤辞丑补峁嘺) and the descending (补惫补谤辞丑补峁嘺) movement of the seven svaras (i.e., the scale) in successive order鈥�, according to the Sa峁僩墨taratn膩kara. In the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 twenty-one types of 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻蝉 [e.g., 峁岣峧腻] are accepted and those are said to be related to seven svaras and are dependent on each of three 驳谤腻尘补蝉.
2) 峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) refers to one of the Seven svaras (鈥渘otes of music鈥�), according to the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺.鈥擳he sound which has the quality of satisfying nature to please the listeners鈥� minds and also has 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 immediately before it is called a svara. In the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 and the Sa峁僩墨taratn膩kara, seven kinds of svara [e.g., 峁岣峧补] are accepted. [...] It is seen that when two separate musical sounds occur at one time and both are gradually rising in one pitch following a particular direction, those sounds can be called as svaras.
: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (gita)峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) refers to one of the seven Svaras which is mapped to the Vedic Atisv膩rya-svara, according to the Kohalamatam, one of the works ascribed to Kohala鈥攁 celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Y膩峁ａ弓ika, 艢膩rd奴la, K膩艣yapa etc.鈥擪ohalamatam has dealt with the aspect of svara in great detail. It also refers to the Vedic origin of svaras. The list of Laukikasvaras (=seven notes) has been mapped with corresponding Vaidikasvaras (=Vedic svaras)鈥擣or example, 峁岣峧补-svara has been mapped to the Vedic Atisv膩rya-svara. Note: The 狈腻谤补诲墨测腻-艣颈办峁Ｄ� presents a very different scheme. Here 峁岣峧补-svara is mapped to the Vedic Caturtha-svara. Moreover, the 狈腻谤补诲墨测腻-艣颈办峁Ｄ� presents the notes in the order of the 蝉腻尘补苍 scale viz.鈥�ma, ga, ri, sa, dha, ni, pa鈥攚hereas in Kohalamatam we find a straight delineation of the svaras.
The 峁岣峧补 note is associated with Praj膩pati representing the celestial being from whom the underlying 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 originated.
The following 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 are associated with 峁岣峧补 according to the Sa峁単墨t膩r峁嘺vacandrik膩 (Cf. the Sa峁単墨tan膩r膩ya峁嘺, Vol. I, V. 1.49-1.55, pp.24-26):
- siddhi,
- 辫谤补产丑腻惫补迟颈,
- 办腻苍迟腻,
- 蝉耻产丑补诲谤腻
Earlier authors like 艢膩r峁単adeva assign the following 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 to 峁岣峧补:
- 迟颈惫谤腻,
- 办耻尘耻诲惫补迟墨,
- 尘补苍诲腻,
- 肠丑补苍诲辞惫补迟墨.
Gitashastra (啶椸啶むざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 驳墨迟补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥攎 S (峁峁� & 啶�. Born of six. Supposed to require for the articulation of it the employment of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest.) The fourth note of the Hindu gamut.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥�m The fourth note of the Hindu gamut.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥攎.
(-岣峧补岣�) The first of the seven primary notes in music. E. 峁峁� six, ja born: supposed to require for its articulation the employment of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿).鈥攊. e. 峁峁�-箩补, m. The fourth note of the Hindu gamut, [Raghuva峁兣沘, (ed. Stenzler.)] 1, 39.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿):鈥擺=峁岣�-箩补] [from 峁岣� > 峁峁�] m. 鈥荣颈虫-产辞谤苍鈥�, Name of the first or ([according to] to some) of the fourth of the 7 Svaras or primary notes of music (so called because it is supposed to be produced by six organs, viz. tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat, and chest; the other six Svaras are 峁氠梗abha, G膩ndh膩ra, Madhyama, Pa帽cama, Dhaivata, and Ni峁Ｄ乨a, of which Ni峁Ｂ� and G膩ndh掳 are referred to the Ud膩tta, 峁氠梗掳 and Dhaiv掳 to the An-ud膩tta, while 峁岣�-ja and the other two are referred to the Svarita accent; the sound of the 峁岣�-ja is said to resemble the note of peacocks), [Mah膩bh膩rata; Raghuva峁兣沘; Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it膩] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] Name of the 16th Kalpa or day of Brahm膩, [Catalogue(s)]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿):鈥�(岣峧补岣�) 1. m. The 4th note of the Hindu gamut.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)峁岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sajja.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus峁岣峧补 (嗖粪病喑嵿矞):鈥擺adjective] produced with the help of the tongue, teeth, palate, nose, throat and chest.
--- OR ---
峁岣峧补 (嗖粪病喑嵿矞):鈥擺noun] (mus.) the first of the seven musical notes which is the base pitch.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Shadjaal, Shadjagita, Shadjagrama, Shadjakaishiki, Shadjamadhya, Shadjamadhyama, Shadjamareshvara, Shadjana, Shadjasvara, Shadjodicyavati, Shatjakramam, Shatjam, Shatjashruti.
Full-text (+113): Shuddhashadja, Shadjagrama, Shadjamadhya, Svara, Purnashadja, Bhinnashadja, Shadjasvara, Shatjakramam, Shatjashruti, Grama, Cyutashadja, Shadjamadhyama, Catcam, Shadjagita, Saptasvara, Shatjam, Shadjakaishiki, Shadjodicyavati, Caturtha, Purnashatjam.
Relevant text
Search found 40 books and stories containing Shadja, 峁岣�-ja, Sad-ja, 峁岣峧补, Sadja, 峁岣峧腻, Shad-ja; (plurals include: Shadjas, jas, 峁岣峧补s, Sadjas, 峁岣峧腻s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Music (N膩峁瓂a-varga) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study) (by Mala Laha)
Part 1 - The relation between N膩rad墨 艢ik峁Ｄ� and Music < [Chapter 3 - N膩rad墨 艢ik峁Ｄ乚
Part 1b - Symbolic Representation of the Accent < [Chapter 5 - M膩峁囜笉奴k墨 艢ik峁Ｄ乚
Part 2a - Characteristics of the accent according to N膩rad墨 艢ik峁Ｄ� < [Chapter 3 - N膩rad墨 艢ik峁Ｄ乚
Natyashastra (English) (by Bharata-muni)
Chapter XXX - On Hollow Instruments (su峁ra)
Chapter XXVIII - On the Instrumental Music (膩todya)
Part 2 - The Ancient Indian Theory and Practice of Music < [Introduction, Part 2]
Reason in Carnatic Music < [April 1949]
Our National Bird: The Peacock its Myths and Legends < [October 1966]
Our National Bird: The Peacock its Myths and Legends < [October 1966]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and G墨t膩 (4): The concept of M奴rcchan膩 < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Kohala and G墨t膩 (5): The concept of T膩na < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Kohala and G墨t膩 (2): The concept of 艢ruti < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
3. Vocal Music (G墨ta) < [Chapter 2 - Music]
3. The 痴颈峁ａ箛耻诲丑补谤尘辞迟迟补谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 and Modern Music < [Chapter 6 - Modern Relevance of Different Art Forms and Architecture]
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