Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study)
by Padma Sugavanam | 2011 | 95,782 words
This page relates 鈥楰ohala and Gita (5): The concept of Tana鈥� of the thesis dealing with Kohala鈥檚 contribution to the Sanskrit textual tradition of ancient Indian performing arts. The study focuses specifically on music (Gita), dance (Nritya), and drama (Natya). Although Kohala鈥檚 original works have not been found, numerous references to him across Lakshana-Granthas (treatises) and works by modern scholars indicate his significance.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Kohala and G墨t膩 (5): The concept of T膩na
啶む 啶� 啶︵啶掂た啶оぞ 啶粪ぞ啶∴さ啶啶∴さ啶� 啶� 啶むぞ啶ㄠ 啶掂た啶︵啶班啶︵い啷嵿い啶苦げ啶曕啶灌げ啶距う啷嵿く啶距 啷�
啶膏啶掂ぐ啶� 啶掂た啶ㄠ啶曕 啶栢げ啷� 啶粪ぞ啶∴さ啶� 啶膏啶ぞ啶︵啶︵啶掂ぞ啶啶ぞ啶� 啶掂た啶灌啶ㄠ 啶啶ㄠぐ啷屶ぁ啶掂 啶膏啶ぞ啶む 啷� 啷�.啷ㄠウ啷�-啷ㄠェ啷� 啷�ta峁� ca 诲惫颈诲丑腻 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补m补耻岣峚惫补峁� ca 迟腻苍补峁� vidurdattilakohal膩dy膩岣� |
svara峁� vinaika峁� khalu 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补岣� sy膩ddv膩bhy膩峁� vih墨na岣� punar补耻岣峚惫补岣� sy膩t || 1.209-210 ||鈥�(厂补峁単墨迟补蝉耻诲丑腻, p. 24)
Govinda 顿墨办峁迟补 mentions that there are two varieties of (艣耻诲诲丑补) 迟腻苍补蝉, viz. 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 and 补耻岣峚惫补. He says that a 迟腻苍补 in which one note (svara) is omitted is called 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 迟腻苍补 and that where two notes are omitted is called an 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补. This description is also found in the 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补.
艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 蝉补测蝉鈥�
鈥楾丑别 艣耻诲诲丑补 (standard) 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻蝉, by dropping one or two notes become 艣耻诲诲丑补-迟腻苍补 (specific combinational note series)鈥�[1].
Govinda 顿墨办峁迟补 calculates the 艣耻诲诲丑补 迟腻苍补蝉 in the following manner. In the 峁岣峧补-驳谤腻尘补, the omission of either 峁岣峧补, 峁涐梗补产丑补, 辫补帽肠补尘补 or 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补 will give rise to seven 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 each. This would make a total of (7x4=28) twenty eight 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 for each 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻. In the case of omission of 辫补帽肠补尘补 & 峁岣峧补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 & 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补 or 峁涐梗补产丑补 & dhaivata would give rise to seven 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 for each 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻. This would sum up to (7x3=21) twenty one 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉. In all, he arrives at (28+21=49) forty nine 艣耻诲诲丑补 迟腻苍补蝉 for the 峁岣峧补 驳谤腻尘补. In a similar manner, by omitting 峁岣峧补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 and 峁涐梗补产丑补 in the 尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻蝉 of the madhyama 驳谤腻尘补, seven varieties each of 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 tanas are arrived at. This would add up to (7x3=21) twenty one varieties of 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 迟腻苍补蝉. And finally, by omitting 峁涐梗补产丑补 & dhaivata or 峁岣峧补 & 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 seven each of the varieties of 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 are obtained. That would mean there are (7x2=14) fourteen 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 in all, for the 尘补诲丑测补尘补-驳谤腻尘补. In this manner a grand total of (28+21+21+14=84) eighty four 艣耻诲诲丑补 迟腻苍补蝉 has been arrived at by Govinda 顿墨办峁迟补.
This delineation of the number of 峁Ｄ佱笉补惫补 and 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 also, like many other subjects in 厂补峁単墨迟补蝉耻诲丑腻, follows 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 to a great extent. However, in this case, there are two differences. Firstly 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补 prescribes the omission of 峁涐梗补产丑补 and 辫补帽肠补尘补 (and not 峁涐梗补产丑补 and dhaivata) for 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 of the 峁岣峧补-驳谤腻尘补, and secondly, he prescribes the omission of 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 and 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补 (and not 峁岣峧补 and 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补) for 补耻岣峚惫补 迟腻苍补蝉 of the madhyama-驳谤腻尘补. It is interesting to note that the term 鈥�补耻岣岛惫补鈥� that is found in 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 has at the time of 厂补峁単墨迟补蝉耻诲丑腻 is transformed into 鈥�补耻岣峚惫补鈥�.&苍产蝉辫;
As mentioned above, 厂补峁単墨迟补蝉耻诲丑腻 appears to be a work that followed 厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 to such an extent that many portions herein seem to be paraphrases from 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补. In such a case, the citing Kohala鈥檚 name in this context, and the source material of Kohala that Govinda 顿墨办峁迟补 would have used for the same, appear to be of doubtful authenticity.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
[2]:
厂补峁単墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补 of 艢腻谤峁単补诲别惫补: 1991: pp. 236-237