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The Sanskrit term 艢惫补谤补 can be transliterated into English as Svara or Shvara, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Swar.

In Hinduism

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢腻ktism

厂惫补谤腻 (啶膏�嵿さ啶班��, 鈥淪ound, Speech鈥�):鈥擮ne of the female offspring from Mah腻k腻l墨 (tamas-form of Mah腻dev墨). Mah腻k腻l墨 is one of the three primary forms of Dev墨, the other two being Mah腻lak峁�m墨 and Mah腻sarasvat墨. Not to be confused with K腻l墨, she is a more powerful cosmic aspect (惫测补峁ａ弓颈) of Devi and represents the 驳耻峁嘺 (universal energy) named tamas. Also see the Dev墨 M腻h腻tmya, a Sanskrit work from the 5th century, incorporated into the 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补-笔耻谤腻峁嘺.

context information

Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣腻kta) or Shaktism (艣腻ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-艣腻stra

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to 鈥渧oice鈥�, as in, a visible trait or charecteristic of a human being. When a King (谤腻箩补苍) is investigating a suit in the court, he is to closely watch the variations (腻办腻谤补) of the subject. For the voice (svara) of a person, this means monitoring for faltering (of the voice), being choked with tears etc. The term is used throughout Dharma艣腻stra literature such as the 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈.

context information

Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣腻stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渘otes鈥� in musical performance. The notes (svara) have two bases: the human throat (lit. body) and the V墨峁嚹�, according to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra chapter 28. It is part of the 鈥榲ocal representation鈥� (惫腻肠颈办补), which is used in communicating the meaning of the drama and calling forth the sentiment (rasa).

According to the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra 6.10, chapter 19 and chapter 28, there are seven notes (svara), to be used in different sentiments:

1. 峁�a岣峧补 (sa),
2. 峁涐梗补产丑补 (ri),
3. 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 (ga),
4. madhyama (ma),
5. 辫补帽肠补尘补 (pa),
6. dhaivata (dha),
7. 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补 (ni).

According as they relate to an interval of more or less 艣谤耻迟颈蝉, they are of four classes, such as

1. Sonant (惫腻诲颈苍),
2. Consonant (sa峁儽鼓寤寰辈�)
3. Assonant (anu惫腻诲颈苍),
4. Dissonant (vi惫腻诲颈苍)

Accordingly, 鈥渁s a note prominently sounds it is called sonant (惫腻诲颈苍); as it sounds in cosonance with another it is consonant (sa峁儽鼓寤寰辈�); as it sounds discordantly to another it is dissonant (vi惫腻诲颈苍), and as it follows another note it is called assonant (anu惫腻诲颈苍). These notes become low or high according to the adjustment of the strings, and the varying condition (lit. diversity) of the beam of the 惫墨峁嚹� and of the sense-organs鈥�.

: Google Books: Dhanap腻la and His Times (arts and learning)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�, 鈥渘otes鈥�).鈥擳he Indian scale has seven notes, namely, 峁�a岣峧补, 峁涐梗补产丑补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补, madhyama, 辫补帽肠补尘补, dhaivat, 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补. Now-a-days these are generally abbreviated to sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha and ni. Svaras are of four kinds namely, 惫腻诲墨, sa峁儽鼓寤迥�, anu惫腻诲墨 and vi惫腻诲墨. (cf. Tilaka-ma帽jar墨 by Dhanap腻la)

: Google Books: Dattilam: A Compendium of Ancient Indian Music

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�, 鈥渋nterval鈥�).鈥擜ccording to the Sa峁単墨ta-makaranda, 鈥淭he seven notes, 峁�a岣峧补, 峁涐梗补产丑补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补, madhyama, 辫补帽肠补尘补, dhaivata and 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补, are said to dwell respectively in the navel, the heart, the throat, the palate, the nose, the teeth and the lips鈥�. (Cf. Sa峁僩墨tar腻ja of Kumbh腻)

: archive.org: Natya Shastra

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�, 鈥渧owels鈥�).鈥擵owels are fourteen in number: a, 腻, i, 墨, u, 奴, 峁�, 岣� (long) 岣�, 岣� (long) e, ai, o and au are to be known as vowels.

: archive.org: The Ragas Of Karnatic Music

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�, 鈥渘otes鈥�).鈥擳he svara is defined by Mat补峁単补 as that which shines by itself. The names of the notes have been explained by different writers old and modern. (cf Mat补峁単补鈥檚 9th century B峁沨ad诲别艣墨)

: Academia.edu: The N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra: the Origin of the Ancient Indian Poetics

The seven basic musical notes (svara), coincided with the seven diatonic intervals of the Indian scale.

: WikiPedia: Natyashastra

Svara is a Sanskrit word that connotes a note in the successive steps of the octave. The svara differs from the sruti concept in Indian music. A sruti is the smallest gradation of pitch available, while a svara is the selected pitches from which the musician constructs the scales, melodies and ragas. The seven notes of the musical scale in Indian classical music are 峁�a岣峧补 (啶粪ぁ啷嵿��), 峁涐梗补产丑补 (啶嬥し啶�), 驳补苍诲丑腻谤补 (啶椸ぞ啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啶距��), madhyama (啶�啶о�嵿く啶�), 辫补帽肠丑补尘补 (啶�啶炧�嵿�氞��), dhaivata (啶о�堗さ啶�) and 苍颈腻峁�d补 (啶ㄠた啶粪ぞ啶�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams (natyashastra)

1a) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥斺�渢one in recitation etc.鈥� (either high or low),

1b) 鈥渁ccent鈥� (of which there are three kinds, 耻诲腻迟迟补-, an耻诲腻迟迟补-, and svarita- svaras),

1c) 鈥渘ote of the musical scale鈥� (of which seven rarely six or eight are enumerated, 1. 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补-;2. 峁涐梗补产丑补-;3. 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补-;4. 峁�a岣峧补-;5. madhyama-;6. dhaivata-;7. 辫补帽肠补尘补- svaras; of which 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补- and 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补- are referred to the 耻诲腻迟迟补-, 峁涐梗补产丑补- and dhaivata- to the an-耻诲腻迟迟补-, while 峁�a岣峧补- and the other two are referred to the svarita- accent; described as resembling respectively the notes of an elephant, bull, goat, peacock, curlew or heron, horse, and Koil)

: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (ns)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to one of the four 惭腻谤驳补蝉 (i.e., the duration of K腻la or 鈥渢ime units鈥�) according to the Jainamata school of thought, as cited in the T腻lalak峁�a峁嘺, an ancient work supposedly ascribed to Kohala鈥攁 celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Y腻峁ａ弓ika, 艢腻rd奴la, K腻艣yapa etc.鈥擜ccording to the Dattilakohal墨yam, T腻la is said to be of two types鈥�尘腻谤驳补 and 诲别艣墨.  Kohala in the T腻lalak峁�a峁嘺 discusses the different schools of thought regarding 尘腻谤驳补 in this segment. For example, according to the Jainamata they are 鈥� 诲补办峁�i峁嘺, 惫腻谤迟颈办补, citra, citratara, citratama, aticitra, 肠补迟耻谤产丑腻驳补蝉峁泃颈, 迟峁泃颈, anu迟峁泃颈, 驳丑补谤峁�a峁嘺, anu驳丑补谤峁�a峁嘺, svara.

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to 鈥渙ne鈥檚 voice鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur腻峁嘺 2.3.18 (鈥淒escription of the perturbation caused by K腻ma鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as 艢iva described P腻rvat墨: 鈥淚s this your face or the moon? Are these your eyes or lotus petals? These two eyebrows are the bows of K腻ma of noble soul. Is this your lower lip or Bimba fruit? Is this your nose or the beak of a parrot? Do I hear your voice or the cooing of the cuckoo [i.e., svara鈥�ki峁� 蝉惫补谤补岣� kokil腻l腻pa岣�]? Is this your slender waist or the sacrificial altar? How can her gait be described? How can her comely appearance be described? How can the flowers be described? How can the clothes be described? [...]鈥�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) 艢惫补谤补 (啶多�嵿さ啶�).鈥擜 son of Dadh墨ci.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 21. 42.

2a) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擜 son of G腻yatr墨 and Praj腻pati.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 21. 42.

2b) Seven (music);¹ sixteen of the Vedas.²

• 1) V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 86. 36.
• 2) Ib. 65. 28; 104. 71.

3a) 厂惫补谤腻 (啶膏�嵿さ啶班��).鈥擜 daughter of Utt腻nap腻da.^*

• * Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 36. 90; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 62. 77.

3b) A daughter of Kardama and one of the wives of Atharva Angiras; son Gautama.^*

• * Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 1. 102; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 65. 98.

3c) A daughter of Krodh腻.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 69. 205.

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Vedanta (school of philosophy)

: Google Books: Music Therapy (upainishads)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擲vara is life (uyir) and 惫测补帽箩补苍补 is the body (mey) of Devi of language and music. The svara gives life to the music/language/devi. The singer evoking the svara gives life to Devi.

According to Ch腻ndogya kh腻峁囜笉a 3 (adhidaivata) 艣loka 2: 鈥淭his and that are 蝉补尘腻苍补 (equalizers). Both are heat and energy. This is svara and that is svara and pratyasvara. This and that are the 耻诲驳腻迟丑补蝉 (singers). Pr腻峁嘺 of singer and 蝉奴谤测补 are samam in quality and in name (驳耻峁嘺 and 苍腻尘补) both move (svarati-verb) by waves of light and sound. Therefore, they are called svara/蝉奴谤测补. Without the 蝉奴谤测补 (sun and the 辫谤腻峁嘺), there is no life or art or science possible on earth. Therefore, svara is the life (uyir). We see both the life and the sun coming back cyclically, and so is 辫谤腻峁嘺 as inhalation and exhalation, and hence both are svara and pratyasvara. But we don鈥檛 see the life of a particular individual coming back after it leaves a body, therefore, it is just called svara and not pratyasvara.鈥�

context information

Vedanta (啶掂�囙う啶距え啷嵿��, ved腻nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟ounds鈥� (made by elephants), according to the 15th century 惭腻迟补峁単补濒墨濒腻 composed by N墨laka峁囜弓ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.鈥擺Cf. chapter 2, 鈥渙n favorable marks鈥漖: 鈥�16. The sounds like those (sannibha-svara) of a 丑补峁僺补, crane, peacock, koil, tiger, lion, and bull are rated high; inauspicious are those like a camel, crow, jackal, boar, and ape鈥�.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: 膧yurveda and botany

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擲vara refers to the 鈥渧oice鈥�, and Ayurvedic literature enumerates various voice-enhancing rejuvenating recipes, for example: 1) the juice of 尘补峁囜笉奴办补辫补谤峁嚹�; 2) powder of 测补峁ａ弓颈尘补诲丑耻 mixed with honey; juice of 驳耻岣嵟玞墨 along wih its root and flowers; 4) paste of 艣补峁卥丑补辫耻峁�p墨. (See Caraka-sa峁僪it腻, cikits腻-sth腻na 1.30-31)

: archive.org: Vagbhata鈥檚 Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to 鈥渧oice鈥�, as mentioned in verse 5.37-39 of the 础峁ａ弓腻峁単补丑峁沝补测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 (S奴trasth腻na) by 痴腻驳产丑补峁璦.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] [ghee is] recommended for [...] children, old people, those desirous of offspring, beauty, great tenderness, and voice [viz., svara], [...]: ghee [viz., 驳丑峁泃补] (is) possessed of a thousand powers (and), by its (many) ways of application, productive of a thousand effects鈥�.

Note: Praj腻 (鈥渙ffspring鈥�) has been translated by bu (鈥渟辞苍鈥�), 办腻苍迟颈 (鈥渂eauty鈥�) by mda峁卻 bza峁� (鈥渇air complexion鈥�), and 蝉补耻办耻尘腻谤测补 (鈥済reat tenderness鈥�) by rab g藕on (鈥済reat youthfulness鈥�) (驳藕辞苍-辫补 being so far attested only as an adjective). The following arthin (鈥渄esirous of鈥�), which in Sanskrit belongs to 辫谤补箩腻, kanti, 蝉补耻办耻尘腻谤测补, and svara alike, has in Tibetan been confined to 辫谤补箩腻.

context information

膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Shiksha (linguistics: phonetics, phonology etc.)

: Google Books: Dattilam: A Compendium of Ancient Indian Music [shiksha]

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�, 鈥渋nterval鈥�), also 鈥渘ote鈥�.鈥擳he Indian system is based on a series of seven intervals (svara), called saptaka. N腻rad墨y腻-艣ik峁Ｄ� 1.5.1 compares the notes (svara) used by the singers of 蝉腻尘补蝉 (i.e. religious songs of the S腻maveda), with the notes of the flute, which may represent here secular (laukika) music:

1. prathama (i.e. the first) is the note madhyama of the flute;
2. 诲惫颈迟墨测补 (i.e. the second) is 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补,
3. 迟峁泃墨测补 (i.e. the third) is traditionally 峁涐梗补产丑补.
4. caturtha (i.e. the fourth) is said to be 峁�a岣峧补;
5. 辫补帽肠补尘补 (i.e. the fifth) is dhaivata;
6. 峁�a峁ａ弓丑补 (i.e. the sixth) is considered to be 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补;
7. saptama (i.e. the seventh) is traditionally 辫补帽肠补尘补.

The fifth, sixth and seventh note of religious (vaidika) music are commonly indicated by the names mandra, 补迟颈蝉惫腻谤测补 and 办谤耻峁ａ弓补.

context information

Shiksha (啶多た啶曕�嵿し啶�, 艣ik峁Ｄ�) deals with Sanskrit linguistics and represents a branch of vedanga (vedic ancillary science). Shiksha deals with subjects such as phonetics, phonology, study of sound, letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and related topics. Much attention is also given to the study of recitation (patha) of Vedic verses.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian Style

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擳he svaras originate fro mthe twenty-two 艢rutis.

They are seven:

1. 峁�a岣峧补,
2. 峁氠梗补产丑补,
3. 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤补,
4. Madhyama,
5. 笔补帽肠补尘补,
6. Dhaivata,
7. 狈颈峁Ｄ錽补.

S腻 is produced from the first four 艣谤耻迟颈蝉, Ri from the next three and so on. Their names are accepted as S腻, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni what results after a 艣谤耻迟颈, is soft and resonant. Svara results in aesthatic joy to the mind of the listner. Now in this way, the cause of the svara is the fourth 艣谤耻迟颈, etc.

The illustrations of these svaras are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this 肠颈迟谤腻惫补濒墨 are based on the 艣濒辞办补蝉 of V腻can腻c腻rya Ga峁噄 Sudh腻kala艣a鈥檚 Sa峁単墨topani峁�ats腻roddh腻ra (14^th century) and 艢腻r峁単adeva鈥檚 Sa峁単墨taratn腻kara (13^th century).

context information

Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣腻stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

1) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擵owel, as contrasted with a consonant which never stands by itself independently. The word 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) is defined generally as 啶膏�嵿さ啶�啶� 啶班ぞ啶溹え啷嵿い啷� 啶む�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶� (svaya峁� 谤腻箩补苍te te svar腻岣�) (M. Bh. on pan. The word 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) is always used in the sense of a vowel in the Pratisakhya works; Panini however has got the word 啶呧�氞�� (ac) (short term or Pratyahara formed of 啶� (a) in '啶呧�囙�夃ぃ啷� (补颈耻峁�)' and 啶氞�� (c) at the end of 啶忇�斷�氞�� (eauc) Mahesvara sutra 4) always used for vowels, the term 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) being relegated by him to denote accents which are also termed 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) in the ancient Pratisakhyas and grammars. The number of vowels, although shown differently in diferent ancient works, is the same, viz. five simple vowels 啶�,啶�,啶�, 啶�, 啶侧�� (a, i, u, 峁�, 濒峁�), and four diphthongs 啶�, 啶�, 啶� (e, ai, o), and 啶�. These nine, by the addition of the long varieties of the first four such as 啶�, 啶�, 啶� (腻, 墨, 奴), and 啶� (峁�), are increased to thirteen and further to twenty two by adding the pluta forms, there being no long variety for 啶侧�� (濒峁�) and short on for the diphthongs. All these twenty two varieties have further subdivisions, made on the criterion of each of them being further characterized by the properties 啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い, 啶呧え啷佮う (耻诲腻迟迟补, anuda)I啶む�嵿�� (tta) and 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶� (svarita) and 啶ㄠた啶班え啷佮え啶距じ啶苦�� (niranun腻sika) and 啶膏ぞ啶ㄠ�佮え啶距じ啶苦�� (s腻nun腻sika).

2) Svara.鈥擳he word 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) also means accent, a property possessed exclusively by vowels and not by consonants, as they are entirely dependent on vowels and can at the most be said to possess the same accent as the vowel with which they are uttered together. The accents are mentioned to be three; the acute (啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い (耻诲腻迟迟补)), the grave 啶呧え啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い (an耻诲腻迟迟补) and the circumflex (啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶� (svarita)) defined respectively as 啶夃�氞�嵿�氞�堗ぐ啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い啶�, 啶ㄠ��啶氞�堗ぐ啶ㄠ�佮う啶距い啷嵿い啶� (uccair耻诲腻迟迟补岣�, n墨cairan耻诲腻迟迟补岣�) and 啶膏ぎ啶距す啶距ぐ啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶む�� (sam腻h腻ra岣� svarita岣�) by Panini (P. I. 2.29, 30,31). The point whether 啶膏ぎ啶距す啶距ぐ (sam腻h腻ra) means a combination or coming together one after another of the two, or a commixture or blending of the two is critically discussed in the Mahabhasya. (vide M. Bh. on P. I. 2.31). There are however two kinds of svarita mentioned by Panini and found actually in use : (a) the independent 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶� (svarita) as possessed by the word 啶膏�嵿さ啶班�� (svar) (from which possibly the word 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶� (svarita) was formed) and a few other words as also many times by the resultant vowel out of two vowels (啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い (耻诲腻迟迟补) and 啶呧え啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い (an耻诲腻迟迟补)) combined, and (b) the enclitic or secondary svarita by which name, one or more grave vowels occurring after the udatta, in a chain, are called; cf P. VIII. 2.4 VIII. 2.6 and VIII 4.66 and 67. The topic of accents is fully discussed by the authors of the Pratisakhyas as also by Panini. For details, see R. Pr. III. 1.19; T.Pr. 38-47 V. Pr. I. 108 to 132, II. I.65 A. Pr. Adhyaya 1 padas 1, 2, 3 and Rk. Tantra 51-66; see also Kaiyata on P. I. 2.29;

3) Svara.鈥擳he word 啶膏�嵿さ啶� (svara) is used also in the sense of a musical tone. This meaning arose out of the second meaning ' accent ' which itself arose from the first viz. 'vowel', and it is fully discussed in works explanatory of the chanting of Samas. Patanjali has given Seven subdivisions of accents which may be at the origin of the seven musical notes. See 啶膏お啷嵿い啶膏�嵿さ啶� (saptasvara) above.

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厂惫腻谤补 (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��).鈥擜 term used in the Pratisakhya works for 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶� (svarita) or the circumflex accent; 啶膏�嵿さ啶距ぐ啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班た啶む�� (sv腻ra岣� svarita岣�) (Com. on T.Pr. XVII.6; cf. also T.Pr.XX.20; XXIII.24. There are seven varieties of 啶膏�嵿さ啶距�� (sv腻ra) given in the Pratisakhya works, viz. 啶曕�嵿し啷堗お啷嵿��, 啶ㄠた啶む�嵿��, 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距い啶苦す啶�, 啶呧き啶苦え啶苦す啶�, 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶多�嵿げ啶苦し啷嵿��, 啶�啶距う啶掂�冟い啷嵿い (办峁�a颈辫谤补, nitya, pr腻tihata, abhinihata, 辫谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补, p腻dav峁泃ta) and 啶む�堗ぐ啷嬥さ啷嵿く啶炧�嵿�溹�� (tairo惫测补帽箩补苍补), cf. T. Pr. XX.1-7.

context information

Vyakarana (啶掂�嵿く啶距�曕ぐ啶�, vy腻kara峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) represents the number 7 (seven) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (bh奴tasa峁僰hy腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 7鈥�svara] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢腻stras, connote numbers.

context information

Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Gitashastra (science of music)

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (gita)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渘otes of Music鈥�.鈥擳he sound which has the quality of satisfying nature to please the listeners鈥� minds and also has 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 immediately before it is called a svara.

In the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur腻峁嘺, seven kinds of svara are accepted. These are鈥�

1. 峁�a岣峧补,
2. 峁涐梗补产丑补,
3. 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补,
4. madhyama,
5. 辫补帽肠补尘补,
6. dhaivata and
7. 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补.

The Sa峁僩墨taratn腻kara also accepts seven numbers of svara. Generally the seven notes viz., 峁�a岣峧补, 峁涐梗补产丑补, 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补, madhyama, 辫补帽肠补尘补, dhaivata and 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补 are denoted with the initials as-S, R, G, M, P, D, N respectively. It is seen that when two separate musical sounds occur at one time and both are gradually rising in one pitch following a particular direction, those sounds can be called as svaras. In the Abhij帽腻na艣akuntala also the reference of mingling of notes can be seen.

: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (gita)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渘otes that are sung鈥� and represents one of the six kinds of A峁単a or 鈥渟ections鈥� of the Prabandha鈥斺�渕usical compositions (that belong to the category of nibaddha-g腻na)鈥浓赌摆颁蹿. Sa峁単墨tar腻ja, G墨taratnako艣a, Prabandholl腻sa, S奴岣峚prabandha prakara峁嘺m, p.552].鈥擳here are two important aspects relating to prabandhas namely dh腻tu and 补峁単补. The 补峁単补s or 鈥渓imbs鈥� are six in number. Svara refers to the notes that are sung. These are to be pronounced as sa, ri, ga, etc. 

context information

Gitashastra (啶椸��啶むざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, g墨ta艣腻stra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.

Mantrashastra (the science of Mantras)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (mantra)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渢one of mantras鈥�, as discussed in chapter 2 of the 艢e峁�asa峁僪it腻: a P腻帽car腻tra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses narrated by 艢e峁�a (=Ananta) to N腻rada and dealing primarily with the use of the appropriate mantras for various occasions such as 箩补测补苍迟墨 celebrations.鈥擺Description of the chapter mantr腻k峁�aravar峁嘺ne svaravar峁嘺na]: N腻rada asks to know about the 辫谤补峁嘺惫补 and other mantras, especially in regard to their s腻ttvika and other, different categories, and their devat腻s, 峁涐梗颈蝉, etc. (1-7a). [...]

: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita鈥擳ext on Visha Chikitsa (mantra)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渁ccents鈥� (of mantras) according to the P腻dmasa峁僪it腻 (verse II.23.80cd, 83).鈥擬antras refers to 鈥渢hat which is chanted by people to obtain their spiritual aspirations鈥�. After completion of the usual religious duties, 补峁単补ny腻sa and karany腻sa must be performed with the particular mantra. Only those mantras which are uttered in consonance with proper rules, accents (svara), and syllables will aid in obtaining the desired result.

context information

Mantrashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, mantra艣腻stra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mantras鈥攃hants, incantations, spells, magical hymns, etc. Mantra Sastra literature includes many ancient books dealing with the methods reciting mantras, identifying and purifying its defects and the science behind uttering or chanting syllables.

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渢une鈥� (of songs), according to the 艢yainika-艣腻stra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by R腻j腻 Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] It has been said that there are eighteen addictions. These are the outcome of the desire for earthly enjovments. [...] Vocal music consists of songs by charming voices sung with time and tune in harmony (t腻la-svara-samanvita) accompanied by dances. Experts only appreciate it. Sung on proper occasions it leads to the attainment of the four objects of life. It is patent to all how it leads to the attainment of wealth and desires. [...]鈥�.

context information

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (鈥減erforming arts鈥�) and Shastras (鈥渟ciences鈥�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) denotes in the Upani峁�ads the sound of a vowel: these are described as being 驳丑辞峁�a惫补苍迟, 鈥榮onant,鈥� and also as balavant, 鈥榰ttered with force鈥�. The precise word for a mute is 蝉辫补谤艣补, 鈥榗ontact鈥�, while 奴峁�m补苍 denotes a 鈥榮ibilant鈥�, and svara a 鈥榲owel鈥�, in the Aitareya and 艢腻峁卥h腻yana-腻ra峁噛akas. The semivowels are there denoted by antasth腻 (鈥榠ntermediate鈥�) or 补办峁�a谤补.

Another division in the Aitareya-腻ra峁噛aka is into 驳丑辞峁�a, 奴峁�m补苍, and 惫测补帽箩补苍补, apparently 鈥榲owels鈥�, 鈥榮ibilants鈥�, and 鈥榗onsonants鈥� respectively.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渧oice鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻: the eighth chapter of the Mah腻sa峁僴ip腻ta (a collection of Mah腻y腻na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, as Bodhisattva Gaganaga帽ja explains to Bodhisattva Ratna艣r墨 what kind of concentration should be purified: 鈥淸...] (43) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called 鈥極rnaments for body鈥�, the characteristics of a great man and the marks of beauty will be fulfilled; (44) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called 鈥極rnaments for speech鈥�, by the voice of Brahm腻 (brahma-svara-ruta), the thoughts of all beings will be pleased; (45) [when the Bodhisattvas attain] the concentration called 鈥極rnaments for thought鈥�, they will never give up their concentration; [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to 鈥渟ounds鈥� and represents one of the eight divisions of Nimitta艣腻stra (鈥渟cience of omens鈥�), possibly corresponding to 鈥渢he eight divisions of the science of omens鈥� (a峁ａ弓腻dhikara峁嚹玤rantha), according to chapter 2.6 [ajitan腻tha-caritra] of Hemacandra鈥檚 11th century Tri峁�a峁ａ弓i艣al腻k腻puru峁�acaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.鈥�(Cf. Uttar腻dhyayana with Kamalasa峁儁ama鈥檚 commentary 31. 19, pp. 506-7).鈥擲ee R腻jendra, a峁�峁環补峁単补峁噄mitta; S奴trak峁泃腻峁単a 2.2. 25; Pravacanas腻roddh腻ra 1405-09, p. 410.

: JAINpedia: Jainism

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟even musical notes鈥� and represents one of the topics dealt with in the Anuyogadv腻ras奴tra: a technical treatise on analytical methods, a kind of guide to applying knowledge.鈥擨n Muni Pu峁噛avijaya鈥檚 words, 鈥渢he Nandi which is of the form of five J帽腻nas serves as a mangala in the beginning of the study of the 膧gamas; and the Anuyogadv腻ra-s奴tra serves as a key to the understanding of the 膧gamas鈥�.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Svara.鈥�(IE 7-1-2), 鈥榮even鈥�. Note: svara is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥攏 S One of the divisions of the universe,--the space between the sun and polar star and region of the planets and constellations. In this sense the word is one of the three mystical words to be repeated daily at the morning ceremonies &c. with the Gayatri. 2 Sky, the heavens. 3 The residence of Indra and the gods and deified mortals. The same with svarga.

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svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥攎 (S) A note in music. 2 An accent. 3 A vowel. 4 Air breathed through a nostril. 5 Sound in general. svara d膿峁嚹撫箖 To join in with one's voice and assist the singer. svara bhaja峁嚹撫箖 or svara v腻ha峁嚹撫箖 g. of s. To incline or lean unto, to flow freely towards--the will or mind.

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sv腻ra (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��).鈥攎 ( A) A man on horseback, a cavalier or horseman. 2 as a Mounted upon (horse-back, camel-back, bullock-back &c.)

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥�m A note in music; an accent; a vowel sound. svara b腻ha峁嚹撫箖 To incline or lean to.

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sv腻ra (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��).鈥�m A man on horseback. a Mounted.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥�a. Going; one who goes (this meaning is given only by G墨rva峁嘺.); 啶呧じ啷� 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶囙い啷�啶�啶�啶距�氞�曕�嵿し啶む�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶囙い啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶�- 啶膏�嵿さ啶� 啶囙い啷嵿く啶�啷佮�� (asau svara it墨mam腻cak峁�ate svara iti praty腻- svara ityamu峁�) ...... 啶氞�嬥う啷嵿�椸��啶ムぎ啷佮お啶距じ啷�啶� (codg墨thamup腻s墨ta) Ch. Up.1.3.2.

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Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擺svar-ac, 蝉惫峁�-ap v腻]

1) Sound, noise.

2) Voice; 啶膏�嵿さ啶班�囙ぃ 啶むじ啷嵿く啶距ぎ啶�啷冟い啶膏�嵿ぐ啷佮い啷囙さ 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶溹げ啷嵿お啶苦い啶距く啶距ぎ啶�啶苦�溹ぞ啶むさ啶距�氞た (svare峁嘺 tasy腻mam峁泃asruteva prajalpit腻y腻mabhij腻tav腻ci) Kum腻rasambhava 1.45.

3) A note of the musical scale or gamut, a tone, tune; (these are seven:-苍颈峁Ｄ錮补r峁�abha驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补峁�a岣峧补madhyamadhaivat腻岣� || 辫补帽肠补尘补- 艣cetyam墨 sapta tantr墨ka峁囜弓hotthit腻岣� svar腻岣� Ak.); 啶膏お啷嵿い 啶膏�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶椸�嵿ぐ啶距ぎ啶� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿�涏え啶距ざ啷嵿�氞�堗�曕さ啶苦�傕ざ啶むた啶� (sapta svar腻strayo gr腻m腻 m奴rchan腻艣caikavi峁兣沘ti岣�) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 5.54.

4) The number 'seven'.

5) A vowel.

6) An accent; (these are three; 耻诲腻迟迟补, an耻诲腻迟迟补 and svarita q. q. v. v.); 啶ㄠた啶灌え啷嵿い啷嵿く啶班��啶ㄠ�囙�曕お啶︵�� 啶� 啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶ㄠた啶� (nihantyar墨nekapade ya 耻诲腻迟迟补岣� svar腻niva) 艢i艣up腻lavadha 2.95.

7) Air breathed through the nostrils.

8) Snoring.

9) Sweetness of tune or tone; 啶むじ啷嵿ぎ啶距う啶距ぐ啷嵿い啷嵿さ啶苦�溹�嵿く啶� 啶曕ぐ啶苦し啷嵿く啶ㄠ�� 啶掂ぞ啶氞た 啶膏�嵿さ啶班ぎ啶苦�氞�嵿�涏�囙�� 啶むく啶� 啶掂ぞ啶氞ぞ 啶膏�嵿さ啶班じ啶傕お啶ㄠ�嵿え啶�啶距ぐ啷嵿い啷嵿さ啶苦�溹�嵿く啶� 啶曕�佮ぐ啷嵿く啶距い啷� (tasm腻d腻rtvijya峁� kari峁�yan v腻ci svaramiccheta tay腻 v腻c腻 svara蝉补峁僷补苍苍补y腻rtvijya峁� kury腻t) B峁�. Up.1.3.25.

-r腻 Name of the chief wife of Brahman.

Derivable forms: 蝉惫补谤补岣� (啶膏�嵿さ啶班��).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥攎.

(-谤补岣�) 1. A Vedic accent, (of which there are three, viz: 鈥攗d腻ta, an耻诲腻迟迟补 and svarita.) 2. A vowel. 3. A note of the musical scale or gamut. 4. Air breathed through the nostrils. 5. Snoring. 6. Voice. 7. Sound in general. 8. A symbolical expression for the number 鈥渟even.鈥� E. svar to sound, ac aff.; or 蝉惫峁� to sound, ap aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥攊. e. 蝉惫峁� + a, m. 1. Sound, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 82, 17; voice, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] v. [distich] 83. 2. Snoring. 3. A note in music, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] v. [distich] 43. 4. A vowel. 5. Accent, [S腻vitryup腻khy腻na] 5, 25.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擺masculine] sound, voice, accent, musical tone or note.

--- OR ---

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�).鈥擺masculine] sound, voice, accent, musical tone or note.

--- OR ---

厂惫腻谤补 (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��).鈥擺masculine] sound, accent, [especially] the Svarita.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�):鈥攁 蝉惫补谤补峁嘺 etc. See p.1285.

2) 厂惫腻谤补 (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��):鈥攁 etc. See p. 1285, col. 3.

3) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�):鈥擺from 蝉惫峁�] b svara or svara, m. (ifc. f(腻). ) sound, noise, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc.

4) [v.s. ...] voice, [Manu-sm峁泃i; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] tone in recitation etc. (either high or low), accent (of which there are three kinds, 耻诲腻迟迟补, an耻诲腻迟迟补 qq.vv., and svarita, [column]3), a note of the musical scale (of which seven [rarely six or eight] are enumerated, 1. 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补; 2. 峁涐梗补产丑补; 3. 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补; 4. 峁�a岣峧补; 5. madhyama; 6. dhaivata; 7. 辫补帽肠补尘补 [described as resembling respectively the notes of an elephant, bull, goat, peacock, curlew or heron, horse, and Koil ; and designated by their initial letters or syllables thus, ni; 峁�; ga; 峁�a; ma; dha; pa], but the order is sometimes changed, 峁�a诲箩补 being placed first, and 苍颈峁Ｄ錮补 last), [Pr腻ti艣腻khya; ???; Sa峁僩墨ta-s腻rasa峁僩raha; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

6) [v.s. ...] a symbolical expression for the number 鈥榮even鈥� [Var腻ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it腻]

7) [v.s. ...] a vowel (either 诲墨谤驳丑补, 鈥榣ong鈥�; or hrasva, 鈥榮hort鈥�; or pluta, 鈥榩rolated鈥�), [Pr腻ti艣腻khya; ???; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

8) [v.s. ...] air breathed through the nostrils, [Ch腻ndogya-upani峁�ad]

9) [v.s. ...] Name of Vi峁ａ箛u, [Vi峁ａ箛u-sm峁泃i, vi峁ａ箛u-s奴tra, vai峁ａ箛ava-dharma-艣腻stra]

10) 厂惫补谤腻 (啶膏�嵿さ啶班��):鈥擺from svara > 蝉惫峁�] f. Name of the chief wife of Brahm腻, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�):鈥擺from 蝉惫峁�] n. a musical note, [S腻ya峁嘺 on 峁歡-veda x, 146, 2]

12) [v.s. ...] Name of various S腻mans, [膧r峁�eya-br腻hma峁嘺]

13) 厂惫腻谤补 (啶膏�嵿さ啶距��):鈥擺from 蝉惫峁�] b m. sound, noise (of a snorting horse), [峁歡-veda]

14) [v.s. ...] tone, accent, [峁歡veda-pr腻ti艣腻khya]

15) [v.s. ...] the Svarita accent, [Taittir墨ya-pr腻ti艣腻khya]

16) [v.s. ...] mfn. relating to sound or accent, [Monier-Williams鈥� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

17) [v.s. ...] having the Svarita accent

18) [v.s. ...] n. a S腻man ending with the Svarita accent, [V腻jasaneyi-sa峁僪it腻; Pa帽cavi峁兣沘-br腻hma峁嘺; L腻峁瓂腻yana]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�):鈥�(谤补岣�) 1. m. Sound; accent; vowel; musical note; snoring.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Sara, S腻ra.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�) [Also spelled swar]:鈥�(nm) a vowel; sound, voice; tone; gamut; note; -[办补峁僷丑补] tremolo; trembling of the voice; -, [gadagad] emotion-charged voice; -[驳耻峁嘺] vowel-quality; quality of the voice; ~[gr腻ma] musical scale; ~[诲补谤艣墨] tonoscope; -[辫别艣墨] vocalis; ~[pradh腻na] a [r腻ga] in which the [svara] dominates and not the [t腻la; ~baddha] rhythmic, moulded in a rhythm; -[产丑补峁僩补] soreness/hoarseness (of throat); loss of voice; -[m腻dhurya] melody; ~[m腻na] pitch; -[mela] unison; -, [尘奴濒补] pure vowel; -[测补峁僼谤补] larynx; -[濒补丑补谤墨] melody; -[lipi] musical notation; -[lopa] loss/elision of a vowel; -[vik腻ra] vocal disorder; -[virodha] cacophony; -, [viv峁泃腻] open vowel, -[vyavasth腻] vowel system; tonal set-up; -[蝉补峁僩补迟颈] harmoney of musical notes; vowelharmony; —, [蝉补峁僾峁泃补] close vowel; -[蝉补峁僤丑颈] (in Grammar) fusion of adjacent vowels into one; —[蝉补峁僷补苍苍补] having a sweet/melodious voice; -[saptaka] the gamut, seven notes of music; —[奴峁僣腻 hon腻] to speak in a high pitch; —[ca岣峢腻n腻] to raise the voice or the musical note; —[bharan腻] to elongate the same note; —[bh墨gan腻] one鈥檚 voice to be charged with emotion; —[mil腻n腻/-me峁� svara mil腻n腻] to chime in; —[s腻dhan腻] to practise mastery over musical notes.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Svara (嗖膏硩嗖掂舶):鈥擺noun] an instance of (a cow, buffalo) letting the milk flow out of its udder.

--- OR ---

Svara (嗖膏硩嗖掂舶):鈥�

1) [noun] a sound produced from the throat; voice.

2) [noun] a sound (in gen.).

3) [noun] any of the three tones in reciting the vedas.

4) [noun] any voiced speech sound characterised by generalised friction of the air passing in a continuous stream through the pharynx and opened mouth but with no constriction narrow enough to produce local friction; the sound of the greatest prominence in most syllables; a vowel.

5) [noun] any of the letters in Kanna岣峚 alphabet from "嗖�" to "嗖�"; a vowel.

6) [noun] (mus.) a tone of definite pitch, as made by a voice or musical instrument; a musical note.

7) [noun] (math.) a symbol for the number seven.

8) [noun] 嗖膏硩嗖掂舶 嗖膏硣嗖班部嗖膏硜 [svara serisu] svara s膿risu to sing along with another (esp. with the main singer); 2. (fig.) to support another鈥檚 views, opinions; 嗖膏硩嗖掂舶 嗖曕硞嗖∴部嗖膏硜 [svara kudisu] svara k奴岣峣su = 嗖膏硩嗖掂舶 嗖膏硣嗖班部嗖膏硜 [svara serisu].

--- OR ---

厂惫腻谤补 (嗖膏硩嗖掂簿嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] (correctly, 嗖膏驳嗖距舶 [savara]) a man who rides a horse; a horse-rider.

2) [noun] a member of the combat troops of soldiers mounted on horses.

3) [noun] a man who rides on any animal.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Svara (啶膏�嵿さ啶�):鈥攏. voice; sound; tune; tone; vowel;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+23): Svarabhairava, Svarabhara, Svarabhuta, Svaracinta, Svaracintamani, Svaradhatu, Svaradosha, Svaradvipadi, Svaragatadhyaya, Svaraghna, Svarahan, Svarahina, Svarajala, Svarajati, Svarakaceri, Svaralakshana, Svaralipi, Svaramaitri, Svaramala, Svaramanjari.

Full-text (+856): Yogeshvara, Vishveshvara, Sureshvara, Mandaleshvara, Anusvara, Nandishvara, Guneshvara, Ghanteshvara, Guhyakeshvara, Nateshvara, Candishvara, Grameshvara, Dharanishvara, Svarabheda, Meghasvara, Susvara, Saptasvara, Kimpurusheshvara, Pancasvara, Visvara.

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Search found 142 books and stories containing Svara, Shvara, 厂惫补谤腻, 艢惫补谤补, 厂惫腻谤补; (plurals include: Svaras, Shvaras, 厂惫补谤腻s, 艢惫补谤补s, 厂惫腻谤补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Narada Purana (English translation) (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 50 - The arrangement of Notes (Svaras) and Syllables (Var峁嘺s) < [Part 2 - Dvit墨ya-p腻da]

4. The Ved腻峁単as in the N腻rada Pur腻峁嘺 (chapters 50-57) < [Introduction]

Chapter 11 - The Glory of the Ga峁単腻: The Origin if the River < [Part 1 - Prathama-p腻da]

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Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)

Music (N腻峁瓂a-varga) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]

Education (6): Literature < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]

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Shaiva Upanishads (A Critical Study) (by Arpita Chakraborty)

4. The form of V腻madeva < [Chapter 5 - Essence of Pa帽cabrahma Upani峁�ad]

17. The esoteric significance of Five Faces of Lord 艢iva < [Chapter 5 - Essence of Pa帽cabrahma Upani峁�ad]

6. The form of 莫艣腻na < [Chapter 5 - Essence of Pa帽cabrahma Upani峁�ad]

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Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)

Verse 37 [Bindu and Visarga] < [Chapter 2 - Second Vimar艣a]

Verse 40-41 [Soma, S奴rya and Agni Ma峁囜笉alas] < [Chapter 2 - Second Vimar艣a]

Verse 38 [艢akti emanates as Var峁嘺] < [Chapter 2 - Second Vimar艣a]

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Musical Instruments in Sanskrit Literature (by S. Karthick Raj KMoundinya)

Chapter 1 - Introduction: Musical instruments in India

Some Technical aspects of Indian Music < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]

Evolution of Indian Music < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]

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Shishupala-vadha (Study) (by Shila Chakraborty)

Knowledge of Music in the 艢i艣up腻lavadha < [Introduction]

Knowledge of the Vedas in the 艢i艣up腻lavadha < [Introduction]

Knowledge of Ved腻峁単a-艣腻stras in the 艢i艣up腻lavadha < [Introduction]

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