Shaiva Upanishads (A Critical Study)
by Arpita Chakraborty | 2013 | 33,902 words
This page relates ‘The esoteric significance of Five Faces of Lord Shiva� of the study on the Shaiva Upanishads in English, comparing them with other texts dealing with the Shiva cult (besides the Agamas and Puranas). The 貹Ծṣa are ancient philosophical and theological treatises. Out of the 108 Upanishads mentioned in the Muktikopanishad, 15 are classified as Saiva-Upanisads.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
17. The esoteric significance of Five Faces of Lord Ś
Thou Ś 貹Ծṣa do not directly discusses this significance of the faces, there are informations given from other sources.
1. ٲ (West Face)
West is called as �ʲś or Pratyak�. The soul is called as �ʰٲⲹٳ�. �ⲹ� which means just now and ٲ� means now born. Ś makes his presence felt through the countless souls being born. Hence, the apt name �ٲ�. This shows the creative aspect of ʲś. Since the very existence of any being starts from its birth, the ٲ aspect of Lord Ś is prayed first.
The essence of the ٲ Mantra is:
�O! Lord! ٲ, never give me desires which are the reason for this countless births and deaths. Please bless me with the passion for liberation. My prayers to ٲ�.
This ٲ aspect is correlated with the following;
To �Ś� ṣa in ʲñṣa Mantra;
To �ѲԴdzⲹś� amongst the five ś;
To �Agni� principle among five principles �ʲñ ūٲ�.
To �ѲԾū첹� among Six 䲹;
To �ʲñ (Pa)� Svara among the Seven Svaras[1];
To �Ma� in �ṃk�
2. 峾deva (North Face)
The term 峾 means Left or innocent. If we stand facing east, North direction is to our left. Hence, the north facing Ś is worshipped as �峾deva�. The left of a person is representative of the Śپ aspect. It represents � and the feminine strength and beauty�, Hence, in ś aspect, we find the goddess on the left side. The beautiful 峾deva is more ancient that the world’s creation. Hence, he is the eldest. Since he is more worthy than others, he is the best. In catastrophic times, he is Rudra. He is in creation and causes the erosion of one’s age.
This 峾 Deva aspect is correlated with the following;
To �� īṣa in ʲñṣa Mantra;
To �վñԲⲹś� amongst the five ś;
To �yu� principle among five principles �ʲñ ūٲ�;
To �Anāhata Cakra� among Six Cakras;
To �Daivata (Dha) �Svara among the Seven Svaras;
To �Bindu� in �ṃk�.
3. Aghora (South Face)
If we stand facing east, south is our right. Hence right side is called as �Bala�. As strong as right hand is for humans, The South face is important to Lord Ś. This is also famously known as �Dakṣiṇ� mūrti�. To know about the essence of the Aghora principle of Lord Ś, one has to understand the meaning of the Aghora Mantra among the ʲñbrahma mantra.
Those who worshipped the Aghora form of Ś were called as �Aghoris�. Their main belief is that there is no such thing called “inauspicious� in this world because all that exists in Ś himself. They generally live in graveyards and are naked. They use those things which the world has branded as “inauspicious�. They perform hard penance. Those who worship Aghora form of Ś are saved from natural catastrophe, water hardships and life threats.
This Aghora aspect is correlated with the following;
To �Ma� īṣa in ʲñṣa Mantra;
To �ʰṇaⲹś� amongst the five ś;
To �Jala� principle among five principles �ʲñ ūٲ�;
To �ṣṭԲ Cakra� among Six Cakras;
To �Madhyama (Ma)� Svara among the Seven Svaras;
To �U� in �ṃk�.
4. ղٱܰṣa (East Face)
The word �Tat� represents ʲٳ. ղٱܰṣa means ṇa filled Parabrahma form. This is an important face of ʲś. The form of Ś that is in meditation and Blessing the world is this face. Hence, this eastern face is considered as the first face. The word �ղٱܰṣa� means “his person�. One who is always behind a person to protect is ղٱܰṣa.
This ղٱܰṣa aspect is correlated with the following;
To �Na� īṣa in ʲñṣa Mantra;
To �ԲԲⲹś� amongst the five ś;
To “Earth� principle among five principles �ʲñ ūٲ�;
To �ū� among six Cakras;
To �Ṣaḍj (sa), Ṛṣ (ri) And Ի (ga)� Svaras among the Seven Svaras;
To �A� in �ṃk�.
5. ĪśԲ-Skyward Face:
The word Īś is form the root �ṣa-ṣv�. Total wealth means the total control and ownership of all the fourteen worlds. Such form of Ś, who is the total owner of the fourteen worlds, is called as ĪśԲ.
This face is skywards. Which means it is on top of the other four faces which face the four directions. This fifth face of Ś represents the creation -balance -annihilation energies and control and chaos energies. ĪśԲ face of Ś which is skywards indicates the total encompassing energy of Lord Ś.
This ĪśԲ aspect is correlated with the following;
To �Ya� īṣa in ʲñṣa Mantra;
To �ĀԲԻ岹ⲹś� amongst the five ś;
To �Āś (ether)� principle among five principles �ʲñ ūٲ�;
To �վśܻ, Ejña and Cakra “among Six Cakras;
To �ṣād (ni)� Svara among the Seven Svaras;
To 岹 aspect in �ṃk�.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
Ma.pu.verse 1-5.�īⲹ Śkṣa (1.5.3; 1.5.4) explains that each 峾-svara was derived from the sounds made by a bird or an animal in its appropriate season. For instance, bulls roar was Ṛṣ; ñ첹' (heron) cry was Madhyama; elephant's trumpet was ṣa; and koel's (cuckoo) melodious whistle was ʲñ and so on. Please see the table below.—Name in 峾 Symbol 峾 Veda Bird/animal Music Svara Sound accociated Madhyama Ma svarita Heron Ի Ga ܻٳٲ Goat Ṛṣ Ri anܻٳٲ Bull Ṣaḍj Ṣa svarita Peacock 岹 Ni ܻٳٲ Elephant Daivata Dha anܻٳٲ Horse ʲñ Pa svarita Koel