Svarga, Swarga: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Svarga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Swarg.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)One of the Hands of The Seven Upper Worlds.—Svarga: the ʲ첹 hand twisted upwards is applicable.

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, ṭyśٰ) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven� (i.e., Svarga signifies the heaven of Indra which is supposed to be situated on Mount Meru), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.32 (“The seven celestial sages arrive�).—Accordingly, as the Seven Sages said amongst each other (when arriving at Himavatpura city): “This city seems to be better than Alakā, heaven (svarga), Bhogavatī and even Amarāvatī. The houses are beautiful and well-built. The courtyards are well laid out and paved with different kinds of crystals and jewels of variegated colours. Slabs of solar and lunar stones are found in every house. Different kinds of celestial trees are also growing here. [...�.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Svarga (स्वर्ग).—A son of Jāmi and Dharma, father of Nandi.*
- * Bhāgavata-purāṇa VI. 6. 6.
1b) A son of Bhīma and Diks.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 10. 82; 27. 54.
1c) The heaven;1 seven gates for; tapas, dāna, sāma, dama, hrī�, ārjavam, and sympathy for all creatures;2 all these possessed by Śibi;3 reached by Yayāti with his four grandsons;4 for the worship of Agastya.5
- 1) Vāyu-purāṇa 34. 96; 41. 82; 103. 42; 108. 76 and 84.
- 2) Matsya-purāṇa 39. 22.
- 3) Ib. 42. 20.
- 4) Ib. 42. 28.
- 5) Ib. 553. 29; 61. 55.

The Purana (पुरा�, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
Source: Wisdom Library: KathāsaritsāgaraSvarga (स्वर्ग) is the name of Śiva’s abode on top of mount Kaisa that was visited by Sūryaprabha in order to invite Śiva and Ambikā for his coronation, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 50. Accordingly: �... and at last he [Sūryaprabha] reached on the top of the mountain [Kaisa] an eighth door of crystal. Then he praised Śiva, and he was introduced courteously by one of the Rudras, and beheld that abode of Śiva that excelled Svarga, in which blew winds of heavenly fragrance, in which the trees ever bore fruit and flowers, in which the Gandharvas had begun their concert, which was all joyous with the dancing of Apsarases. Then, in one part of it, Sūryaprabha beheld with joy the great god Śiva, seated on a throne of crystal�.
The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story�), mentioning Svarga, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

Kavya (काव्�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry� and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry�.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: Pure Bhakti: Brhad BhagavatamrtamSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to:—The celestial heaven, greatest of all heavens, that is characterized by material opulence, enjoyment, and duration of life far exceeding those of the planet earth. Svarga is attained by strictly carrying out the pious activities recommended in the karma-kāṇḍa section of the Vedas. (cf. Glossary page from Śrī Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛta).

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).
Shaiva philosophy
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)Svarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven�, according to Utpaladeva’s Vivṛti on Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā 1.5.6.—Accordingly, “[...] Ordinary human practice [can even occur] with an object such as the sense organs, or heaven and liberation (svarga-apavarga), although [these always remain] beyond the reach of the sense organs, [but] only inasmuch as they are [somehow] manifest in the concept [representing them]. And [since it is] so, being an object is nothing but having a form that is [presently] being manifest, and the goal [of human practice] only concerns what is merely such [and nothing beyond manifestation]�
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Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
: archive.org: Hindu MathematicsSvarga (स्वर्ग) represents the number 21 (twenty-one) in the “word-numeral system� (ūٲṃk), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 21�svarga] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.

Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to the “heavens� and is mentioned as one of the dwelling places of Snakes (Sarpas), as taught in the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Agadatantra or Sarpavidyā).—The Kāśyapasaṃhitā (verse IV.19) makes a passing reference about the dwelling of sarpas which include the heavens (svarga), oceans, nether world, mountains and earth.
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the HindusSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven� (for elephants having performed many kinds of work), according to the 15th century ٲṅgī composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 5, “on marks of the stages of life”]: �23. Thus, O king, having reached a hundred and twenty years, and having performed many kinds of work, the elephant goes to heaven (svarga) [kṛtvā bahuvidha� karma svarga� gacchati vāraṇa��.

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Svarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven�, according to the ŚⲹԾ첹-śٰ: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “[...] There is another way, charming in itself, for the attainment of the highest bliss. Heaven (svarga) is easily attained by the performance of duties prescribed for one’s caste. So one should devote himself to karma leading to heaven (svarga), to fame, and to longevity. The conclusion of the Vedas is summed up in these words, ‘Continually doing work, etc.� [...�.

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts�) and Shastras (“sciences�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramSvarga (स्वर्ग) is another name for Ś-ٳ (one of the Nine Nāthas) according to sources such as the Kulakaulinīmata and Kumārikākhaṇḍa of the Manthānabhairavatantra.—This group of nine Nātha Siddhas related to Gorakhanātha are venerated by his followers as nine founder figures. According to the Kulakaulinīmata, Mitranātha made nine disciples in Candrapura in Koṅkaṇa. These are called the Current of Men that Mitrīśa, the First Teacher of this Age, generated as his spiritual sons. These Nine Nāthas [e.g., Ś-ٳ] originally resided in his body as his vital breaths from which they emerged and were born as men in nine places.—Ś�-ٳ is associated with the following: Breath: Paktaka [?]; Gods of the Directions: Yakṣarā�; Planet: Saturn; Snake (Nāga): Kārkoṭa; Other names: Svarga.

Shakta (शाक्�, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama TextsSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to the “heavens�, as discussed in chapter 2 of the վṣṇܳپ첹ṃh: a Pāñcarātra text comprising 3500 Sanskrit verses covering the typically �agamic� subjects which are being narrated by Brahmā to a number of sages.—Description of the chapter [徱-ṇaԲ]: [...] Svarga (heaven proper) is described separately, followed by brief descriptions of Śivaloka, Satyaloka and Viṣṇuloka (191-201). Throughout all these worlds and world systems, it is declared Nārāyaṇa should be known to be all-pervasive (207-208a).

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Wikisource: Ashtavakra GitaSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven� (considered as a product of one’s imagination�kalpana), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Janaka says to Aṣṭavakra]: “[...] So now abandoning the body and everything else, by some good fortune or other my true self becomes apparent. [...] I have recognized that all this and my body are nothing, While my true self is nothing but pure consciousness, so what can the imagination work on now? The body, heaven (svarga) and hell, bondage and liberation, and fear too [śarīra� svarganarakau bandhamokṣau bhaya� tathā], All this is pure imagination. What is there left to do for me whose very nature is consciousness? [...�.

Vedanta (वेदान्�, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
General definition (in Hinduism)
: WikiPedia: HinduismIn Hinduism, Svarga (or Swarga) (Sanskrit: स्वर्ग) also known as Swarga Loka is a one of seven loka or planes in Hindu cosmology, which sequentially are Bhu loka (Prithvi Loka, Earth), Bhuvar loka, Swarga loka, Mahar loka, Jana loka, Tapa loka, and the highest Satyaloka (Brahmaloka). It set of heavenly worlds located on and above Mt. Meru. It is a heaven where the righteous live in a paradise before their next reincarnation. During each pralaya or the great dissolution, the first three realms are destroyed that is Bhu loka (Earth), Bhuvar loka, Swarga loka. Below all these upper realms lie seven realms of Patala, the underworld and netherworld.
Svarga is seen as a transitory place for righteous souls who have performed good deeds in their lives but are not yet ready to attain moksha, or elevation to Vaikunta, the abode of Lord Vishnu, considered to be the Supreme Abode (Rig Veda (1.22.20) states,
O� tad viṣṇo� paramam padam sadā paśyanti sūraya�:
"All the suras (i.e. devas- divinities) look towards the feet of Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Abode)".
The capital of Svarga is Amaravati and its entrance is guarded by Airavata. Svarga is presided over by Indra, the chief deva.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heavenly (beings)�, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 4).—Accordingly, “[...] By saying ‘gods�, all the heavenly (svarga) beings are included; by saying ‘men�, all the beings on the earth (ṛtī) are included. Why? Because in the heavens, the gods are the principal (ٰ) beings, and on earth, men are the principal beings. Therefore by saying “gods� all the beings in the heavens are included, and by saying ‘men� all the beings on the earth are included�.

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many ūٰ of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā ūٰ.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsSvarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven�, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Whatever objects, sentient and non-sentient, there are in the three worlds [com.—in heaven, earth (lit: mortality) and hell (ṛtܱ)], they all are described by mendicant as continually transitory. The meeting of beloved women is like a city in the sky. Youth or wealth is like a mass of clouds. Relations, children and bodies, etc. are perishable as lightning. You must understand that the whole action of the cycle of rebirth is thus momentary�.
Synonyms: Loka.

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossarySvarga.�(IE 7-1-2), ‘twentyone�. Note: svarga is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysvarga (स्वर्ग).—m (S) The heaven or paradise of Indra. As svarga is the main region in which mortals receive the reward of their virtuous actions, this word, although faulty, is better suited than any of the other existing words (e. g. dēvalōka, ūrdhvalōka, bhuvarlōka, paralōka, ākāśa) to render the Christian term Heaven. Indra will pass away, and Swarg will be purified from its sensuousness. 2 This word, as of the paradise which it signifies the site is in the zenith, is frequently used in the sense of Sky or heavens. mēlyāvāñcūna svarga disata nāhī� No good is to be enjoyed or obtained without undergoing some trouble or difficulty. svarga dōna bōṭēṃ ura with or sa of s. The heavens are distant (from him &c.) by two fingerbreadths. Phrase descriptive of a lofty and lordly person. svarcī vāṭa (Way to heaven.) A polite or soft name for Departure from life. svarsa hāta pōñcaṇēṃ (The hand to reach unto the skies.) A phrase expressive of the attainment or accomplishment of some superlative good. svargī� dhaja vaṇēṃ To perform a mighty exploit.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsvarga (स्वर्ग).�m The heaven or paradise of Indra. mēlyāvāñcūna svarga disata nāhī� No good is to be obtained without undergoing some trouble. svarcī vāṭa A polite name for departure from life. svargī dhvaja vaṇēṃ Perform a mighty exploit.
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svarga (स्वर्ग).�a Relating to svarga.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग).—Heaven, Indra's paradise; अह� स्वर्गादधिकतरं निर्वृतिस्थानम� (aho svardadhikatara� nirvṛtisthānam) Ś.7.
Derivable forms: � (स्वर्ग�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग).—m.
(-�) Heaven, Indra'S paradise, and the residence of deified mortals and the inferior gods. E. mu happiness, ṛj to go, or obtain, aff. ghañ .
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग).—[svar-ga], m. Heaven, Indra's paradise, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 85; [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 59; [ʲñٲԳٰ] i. [distich] 248.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग).—[adjective] going or leading to light or heaven, heavenly; [masculine] (±ǰ첹) the heavenly world, heaven, paradise.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Svarga (स्वर्ग):—[=svar-ga] a See below.
2) [from svar] b mfn. (or suvarga) going or leading to or being in light or heaven, heavenly, celestial (with loka m. or [plural] = ‘the world of light, heavens�), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
3) [v.s. ...] m. heaven, the abode of light and of the gods, heavenly bliss, ([especially]) Indra’s heaven or paradise (to which the souls of virtuous mortals are transferred until the time comes for their re-entering earthly bodies; this temporary heaven is the only h° of orthodox Brāhmanism; it is supposed to be situated on mount Meru q.v.; [accusative] with �, -√sٳ, or -√p, ‘to go to heaven�, ‘die�), [Ṛg-veda only x, 95, 18; Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
4) [v.s. ...] a [particular] Ekāha, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of the Rudra Bhīma, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
6) c etc. See p. 1281, col. 2.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग):�(�) 1. m. Heaven, Indra's paradise.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Svarga (स्वर्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sagga.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग) [Also spelled swarg]:�(nm) paradise, heaven, abode of gods; ~[gata] dead, expired, late; ~[gamana] dying, death; ~[cyuta] fallen from heaven; ~[jit] one who has conquered the heaven/paradise; —[taru] the celestial tree—generally called [kalpavṛkṣa; ~dhāma/purī/loka] see [svarga; ~nadī] see -[svagaṃ�; -bha] acquiring a place in the heaven; death, dying, passing away; •[첹] to pass away, to die; ~[ū] a nymph; fairy; ~[ṇ�] an oracle; ~[] heavenly abodedeath; ~•[Dz] to die, to pass away; ~[ī] late; ~[stha/sthita] dead, late; —[kī gumī se naraka kā rāja bha] it is better to rule in hell than to serve in heaven, better be the head of an ass than tail of a horse; —[] to die; to pass away.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSvarga (ಸ್ವರ್ಗ):�
1) [noun] the abode of gods, attained by virtuous people after their death; heaven; paradise.
2) [noun] a joyous, pleased state; happiness.
3) [noun] the act or creating or aggregate of all that is created.
4) [noun] the state of being; existence.
5) [noun] that which is in exisence without a beginning.
6) [noun] ಸ್ವರ್ಗಕ್ಕೆ ಒಂದೇ [svargakke omde]/ಮೂರೇ ಗೇಣು [mure genu] svargakke ondē/mūrē gēṇu the state of ecstacty; rapture; great joy.
7) [noun] the imaginary state of something (such as a pleasant task) being almost achieved.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionarySvarga (स्वर्ग):—n. 1. heaven; 2. Indra's abode; 3. the sky; heavens;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Svargabadhu, Svargabharttri, Svargabhikama, Svargacyuta, Svargadhenu, Svargadvareshti, Svargadvareshtihautraprayoga, Svargagamin, Svargagata, Svargahetau, Svargahvaya, Svargajit, Svargajivin, Svargakhanda, Svargalaya, Svargalila, Svargalokesha, Svargamandakini, Svarganaraka, Svargapada.
Full-text (+388): Svargaloka, Svargadvara, Svargarohana, Bhusvarga, Svargapati, Svargagamana, Svargavadhu, Svargavasa, Svargajit, Svargkas, Svargakama, Svargagamin, Svargapaga, Svargasad, Svargagati, Svargapara, Svargastha, Svargabhartri, Svargiya, Svargapuri.
Relevant text
Search found 176 books and stories containing Svarga, Svar-ga, Swarga; (plurals include: Svargas, gas, Swargas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.2.8-9 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.2.5 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.2.42 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna (knowledge)]
Markandeya Purana (by Frederick Eden Pargiter)
Canto LV - The Geography of Jambudvīpa
Canto XI - Conversation between the father and son (continued)
Canto XXXIII - The benefits to be obtained from the Voluntary Śrāddhas
Sanskrit Words In Southeast Asian Languages (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
Page 227 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Page 380 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Page 558 < [Sanskrit words in the Southeast Asian Languages]
Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation (by S. Satyamurthi Ayyangar)
Pasuram 6.8.5 < [Section 8 - Eighth Tiruvaymoli (Pon-ulaku aliro)]
Pasuram 2.10.3 < [Section 10 - Tenth Tiruvaymoli (Kilar oli ilamai)]
Pasuram 2.10.7 < [Section 10 - Tenth Tiruvaymoli (Kilar oli ilamai)]
Karmic Astrology—a Study (by Sunita Anant Chavan)
Part 3.2 - Jyotiṣa and Karman: Heaven and Sattva form < [Chapter 4 - Constructive Survey of the Correlation of Jyotiḥśāstra and Karman]
Part 1.4 - Extent of Future in the Literature < [Chapter 4 - Constructive Survey of the Correlation of Jyotiḥśāstra and Karman]
Part 3.8 - Aspects of Karma < [Chapter 2 - Jyotiḥśāstra and the Concept of Karman]
Physician as depicted in Manasollasa (by Sri B. S. Hebballi)
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