Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)
by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words
This page relates 鈥榬elation between Naradi Shiksha and Music鈥� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas鈥攁 crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 1 - The relation between 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� and Music
The 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� has stated that seven notes of the musical scale were originated from three accents.
According to this 艢颈办峁Ｄ�,
鈥�驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补鈥� (g膩) and 鈥�苍颈峁Ｄ乨补鈥� (ni) proceeded from the high accent;
鈥�峁涐梗补产丑补鈥� (re) and 鈥�dhaivata鈥�(dh膩) originate from low accent,
鈥�峁岣峧补鈥� (蝉腻), 鈥�madhyama鈥� (m膩) and 鈥�辫补帽肠补尘补鈥� (辫腻) notes proceeded from the 鈥�svarita鈥� accent鈥�
啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い啷� 啶ㄠた啶粪ぞ啶� 啶椸ぞ啶ㄠ啶оぞ啶班ぞ啶掂え啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い 啶嬥し啶ぇ啷堗さ啶む啷�
啶膏啶掂ぐ啶苦い啶啶班き啶掂ぞ 啶灌啶啶む 啶粪ぁ啷嵿啶ぇ啷嵿く啶お啶炧啶氞ぎ啶距啷�ud膩tte 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补 g膩ndh膩r膩vanud膩tta 峁涐梗补产丑补dhaivatau|
svaritaprabhav膩 hyete 峁岣峧补madhyamapa帽cam膩岣|(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/8/8)
So the 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� is closely related to music and language. This 艢颈办峁Ｄ� has stated that musical scale has aroused from the various organs of the speech which is summarized in the table 13.
啶曕ぃ啷嵿啶距う啷佮い啷嵿い啶苦し啷嵿啶む 啶粪ぁ啷嵿啶� 啶多た啶班じ啶膏啶む啶掂啶粪き啶� 啶膏啶啶む啷�
啶椸ぞ啶ㄠ啶оぞ啶班じ啷嵿い啷嵿さ啶ㄠ啶ㄠぞ啶膏た啶曕啶� 啶夃ぐ啶膏 啶ぇ啷嵿く啶 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶冟ゥka峁囜弓h膩dutti峁ａ弓hate 峁岣峧补岣� 艣颈谤补sastv峁涐梗补产丑补岣� sm峁泃a岣
驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补stvanun膩sikya uraso madhyama岣� svara岣|(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/5/5)
啶夃ぐ啶膏 啶多た啶班じ啶� 啶曕ぃ啷嵿啶距う啷佮い啷嵿ぅ啶苦い啶� 啶啷嵿啶 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶冟イ
啶侧げ啶距啶距う啷嵿ぇ啷堗さ啶む 啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶ㄠた啶粪ぞ啶︵ 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶膏え啷嵿ぇ啶苦啶啷�urasa岣� 艣颈谤补sa岣� ka峁囜弓h膩dutthita岣� 辫补帽肠补尘补岣� svara岣
lal膩峁乨dhaivata峁� vidy膩n苍颈峁Ｄ乨补峁� sarvasandhijam||(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/5/6)
It is very interesting to note that the 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�[1] and the 厂补峁僩墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补[2] both have mentioned that same animals are said to produce the notes in the musical scale.
Table: 13 Musical Scale and their Place of articulation鈥�
| Musical Scale | Place of articulation |
| 峁岣峧补 (The first Musical Note) | 办补峁囜弓丑补 (Throat) |
| 峁涐梗补产丑补 (The second Musical Note) | 艣颈谤补 (Head) |
| 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补 (The third Musical Note) | 苍腻蝉颈办腻 (Nose) |
| madhyama (The fourth Musical Note) | ura (Chest) |
| 辫补帽肠补尘补 (The fifth Musical Note) | ura+艣颈谤补+办补峁囜弓丑补 (Chest + Head + Throat) |
| dhaivata (The sixth Musical Note) | 濒补濒腻峁璦 (The forehead) |
| 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补 (The seventh Musical Note) | sarvasandhija (A cooperation of all organs) |
It is not only so that in the 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� the three 鈥�驳谤腻尘补蝉鈥� have been also discussed. 鈥�骋谤腻尘补蝉鈥� means the musical gamuts.
Not only that but also we can observed that 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� has also discussed different kinds of 鈥�尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻鈥浓赌�
啶膏お啷嵿い 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶 啶椸啶班ぞ啶ぞ 啶啶班啶涏え啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿さ啷囙啶掂た啶傕ざ啶むた啶冟イ
sapta svar膩strayo gr膩m膩 murchan膩stvekavi峁兣沘ti岣
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/2/4)啶粪ぁ啷嵿啶ぇ啷嵿く啶啶距え啷嵿ぇ啶距ぐ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶 啶椸啶班ぞ啶ぞ啶� 啶啶班啷�啶班啶むた啶むぞ啶冟イ
峁岣峧补madhyamag膩ndh膩r膩strayo gr膩m膩岣� prak墨rtit膩岣
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/2/6)
The names of the seven 鈥�尘奴谤肠肠丑补苍腻s鈥� are also mentioned in this text鈥�
啶ㄠえ啷嵿う啷� 啶掂た啶多ぞ啶侧ぞ 啶膏啶啶栢 啶氞た啶む啶班ぞ 啶氞た啶む啶班さ啶む 啶膏啶栢ぞ啷�
啶げ啶� 啶ぞ 啶氞ぞ啶洁ぅ 啶掂た啶溹啶炧啶ぞ 啶︵啶掂ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏お啷嵿い 啶啶班啶涏え啶距ゥnand墨 vi艣膩l膩 sumukh墨 citr膩 citravat墨 sukh膩|
bal膩 y膩 c膩'tha vij帽ey膩 dev膩n膩峁� sapta m奴rchan膩||(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/2/9)
According to 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, the Vedic music and classical music are constructed by the 鈥�驳耻峁嘺鈥�[3].
In the discussion of 鈥�驳耻峁嘺鈥� we also observe that different kind of musical instrument have been mentioned in the 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�. Like鈥�
啶むい啷嵿ぐ 啶班啷嵿い啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶掂啶｀啶掂啶｀ぞ啶膏啶掂ぐ啶距ぃ啶距ぎ啷囙啷�啶ぞ啶掂 啶班啷嵿い啶た啶む啶啶氞啶い啷�.
tatra rakta峁� n膩ma ve峁噓v墨峁嚹乻var膩峁嚹乵ek墨bh膩ve raktabhityucyate.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/3)
Each and every 鈥�驳耻峁嘺鈥� has been discussed very much clearly in 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�. For example鈥�
啶啶班啶｀ 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶多啶班啶むた啶啶班ぃ啶氞啶涏え啷嵿う啶� 啶ぞ啶︵ぞ啶曕啶粪ぐ啶膏啶啶椸ぞ啶む啶啶班啶｀ぎ啶苦い啷嵿く啷佮啷嵿く啶む.
p奴r峁嘺峁� n膩ma svara艣rutip奴ra峁嘺cchanda岣� 辫腻d膩k峁rasa峁儁og膩tp奴r峁嘺mityucyate.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/4)啶呧げ啶傕啷冟い啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶夃ぐ啶膏た 啶多た啶班じ啶� 啶曕ぃ啷嵿啶啶曕啶むぎ啶苦い啷嵿く啶侧啶曕啶むぎ啷�.
ala峁僰峁泃a峁� n膩ma urasi 艣颈谤补si 办补峁囜弓丑补yuktamityala峁僰峁泃am.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/5)啶啶班じ啶ㄠ啶ㄠ 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶呧お啶椸い 啶椸う啷� 啶椸う啷� 啶ㄠた啶班啶掂た啶多啷嵿啶� 啶啶班じ啶ㄠ啶ㄠぎ啶苦い啷嵿く啷佮啷嵿く啶む.
prasanna峁� n膩ma apagata gad gad nirvi艣a峁卥a峁� prasannamityucyate.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/6)啶掂啶啷嵿い啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶う啶う啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ 啶啶班啷冟い啶苦 啶掂た啶曕ぞ啶班ぞ啶椸ぎ啶侧啶啷冟い啷嵿い啶︵啶оた啶むじ啶ぞ啶膏ぇ啶距い啷佮え啶苦お啶距い啷嬥お啶膏ぐ啷嵿 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶侧た啶權啶椸さ啷冟い啷嵿い啶苦さ啶距ぐ啷嵿い啶苦啶掂た啶啷嵿い啷嵿く啶班啶ムさ啶氞え啶距え啶距 啶膏ぎ啷嵿く啶椸啶お啶距う啶ㄠ 啶掂啶啷嵿い啶た啶む啶啶氞啶い啷囙ゥ
vyakta峁� n膩ma padapad膩rtha prak峁泃i峁� vik膩r膩gamalopak峁泃taddhitasam膩sadh膩tuni辫腻topasarga svarali峁単av峁泃tiv膩rtikavibhaktyarthavacan膩n膩峁� samyagupa辫腻dane vyaktamityucyate||
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/7)啶掂た啶曕啶班啶粪啶熰 啶ㄠぞ啶啶氞啶氞啶班啶氞啶氞ぞ啶班た啶む 啶掂啶啷嵿い啶う啶距啷嵿し啶班ぎ啶苦い啶� 啶掂た啶曕啶班啶粪啶熰ぎ啷嵿ゥ
vikru峁ａ弓a峁� n膩moccairucc膩rita峁� vyaktapad膩k峁ramiti vikru峁ａ弓am||
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/8)啶多啶侧啷嵿し啷嵿ぃ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶ぞ啶︵啶班啶むぎ啶掂た啶侧ぎ啷嵿が啶苦い啶啶氞啶氞え啷�啶氞お啷嵿げ啷佮い啶膏ぎ啶距す啶距ぐ啶灌啶� 啶侧く啶むぞ 啶侧啶え啶ぞ啶︵た啶た啶班啶お啶距う啶ㄠぞ啶た啶� 啶多啶侧啷嵿し啷嵿ぃ啶た啶む啶啶氞啶い啷囙ゥ
艣lak峁ａ箛a峁� n膩m膩drutamavilambitamuccan墨caplutasam膩h膩rah峁� layat膩 lopanay膩dibhirupa辫腻dan膩bhi岣� 艣lak峁ａ箛amityucyate||
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/7)啶膏ぎ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶ぞ啶掂ぞ啶え啶苦ぐ啷嵿さ啶距お啶啶班う啷囙ざ啶� 啶啶班い啷嵿く啶ㄠ啶むぐ啶膏啶ムぞ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏ぎ啶距じ啶� 啶膏ぎ啶た啶む啶啶氞啶い啷�.
sama峁� n膩m膩v膩panirv膩paprade艣a峁� pratyantarasth膩n膩n膩峁� sam膩sa岣� samamityucyate.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/8)啶膏啶曕啶ぞ啶班 啶ㄠぞ啶班う啷� 啶多た啶曕啶粪ぞ 啶呧 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶啶︵啶う啶� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶膏啶掂ぐ啶曕啶灌ぐ啶｀く啷佮啷嵿い啶� 啶膏啶曕啶ぞ啶班ぎ啶苦い啷嵿く啷佮啷嵿く啶む.
sukum膩r 狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� a峁� n膩ma m峁沝upada峁� var峁嘺svarakuhara峁嘺yukta峁� sukum膩ramityucyate.
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/9)啶ぇ啷佮ぐ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏啶掂き啶距さ啷嬥お啶ㄠ啶むげ啶侧た啶むお啶︵ぞ啶曕啶粪ぐ啶椸啶｀じ啶啶︵啶о 啶ぇ啷佮ぐ啶た啶む啶啶氞啶い啷�
madhura峁� n膩ma svabh膩vopan墨talalitapad膩k峁ra驳耻峁嘺sam峁沝dha峁� madhuramityucyate
(狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 1/3/10)
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
峁岣峧补峁� vadati may奴ro g膩vo ra峁僢hanti car峁bham|
aj膩vike tu 驳腻苍诲丑腻谤补峁� krau帽c墨 vadati madhyamam|| (狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� 1/5/3)
pu峁a蝉腻dh膩ra峁噀 k膩le kokil膩 vakti 辫补帽肠补尘补m|
a艣vastu dhaivata峁� vakti 苍颈峁Ｄ乨补峁� vakti ku帽jara岣| (狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ� 1/5/4)
[2]:
厂补峁僩墨迟补谤补迟苍腻办补谤补,1/3/48
[3]:
狈腻谤补诲墨 艢颈办峁Ｄ�,1/3/1-2