Sutra, 厂奴迟谤补, Soetra: 46 definitions
Introduction:
Sutra means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Google Books: Cultural History from the V膩yu Pur膩na厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�)鈥擮ne of the Heavenly ornaments according to the V膩yu Pur膩峁嘺. The neck of 艢iva, after he had swallowed the poison, shone as if it was adorned with a golden thread.
: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�(VEDAS弄TRA). See under Veda.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�(ety)鈥攄efinition of: few letters, free from doubt, terse, and universal.*
- * V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 59. 142; 104. 108.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: N膩峁瓂a-艣膩stra厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�, 鈥渢hread鈥�) refers to a 鈥済olden neck-chain鈥� and is classified as an ornament (腻产丑补谤补峁嘺) for the neck (办补峁囜弓丑补) to be worn by males, according to N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra chapter 23. Such ornaments for males should be used in cases of gods and kings.
厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) also refers to a 鈥済olden thread鈥� ornament (腻产丑补谤补峁嘺) for the waist (办补峁璱) to be worn by males. It is to be worn below the talaka.
厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) also refers to a 鈥渘eck-chain鈥� ornament (腻产丑补谤补峁嘺) for the neck (办补峁囜弓丑补) to be worn by females. Such ornaments for females should be used in cases of human females and celestial beings (gods and goddesses).
膧bhara峁嘺 (鈥榦rnaments鈥�, eg., 蝉奴迟谤补) is a category of 补濒补峁僰腻谤补, or 鈥渄ecorations鈥�, which in turn is a category of nepathya, or 鈥渃ostumes and make-up鈥�, the perfection of which forms the main concern of the 膧h膩ry膩bhinaya, or 鈥渆xtraneous representation鈥�, a critical component for a successful dramatic play.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
M墨m膩峁僺膩 (school of philosophy)
: Srimatham: M墨m膩峁僺a: The Study of Hindu Exegesis厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to one of the three principle styles found in Sanskrit literature.鈥敵侔� is a very terse form of writing in which there is no embellishment. The sentence consists of few words and no narrative, explanation or dilation. They were meant for easy memorization by students and depended upon the commentary given by learned scholars.
The 蝉奴迟谤补s require extensive commentaries and because of their ambivalence can be interpreted in a number of different ways. To this category belong all the texts of the various schools of philosophy, M墨m膩峁僺a-蝉奴迟谤补s, Yoga-蝉奴迟谤补s, Vai艣e峁ka-sutras, Dharma-蝉奴迟谤补s, G峁沨ya-蝉奴迟谤补s etc.
Mimamsa (啶啶ぞ啶傕じ啶�, m墨m膩峁僺膩) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
: Shodhganga: Vaiy膩kara峁嘺bh奴峁峁嘺s膩ra: a critical study厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擜phorism; a very short and concise enunciation laying down something in a scientific treatise.
: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擜 short pithy assertion laying down something in a scientific treatise; aphorism; the word is sometimes used in a collective sense in the singular, referring to the whole collection of Sutras or rules; cf. 啶掂啶ぞ啶曕ぐ啶｀じ啷嵿く 啶膏啶む啶班ぎ啷� (vy膩kara峁嘺sya 蝉奴迟谤补m) M. Bh. on Ahnika 1. The term is defined as 啶呧げ啷嵿お啶距啷嵿し啶班ぎ啶膏啶︵た啶椸啶о 啶膏ぞ啶班さ啶︵啶掂た啶多啶掂い啷嬥ぎ啷佮啶 啷� 啶呧じ啷嵿い啷�-啶ぎ啶ㄠさ啶︵啶 啶� 啶膏啶む啶班 啶膏啶む啶班さ啶苦う啷� 啶掂た啶︵啶� (alp膩k峁ramasa峁僤igdha峁� s膩ravadvi艣vatomukham | asto-bhamanavadya峁� ca 蝉奴迟谤补峁� 蝉奴迟谤补vido vidu岣�). There are given generally six kinds of Sutras viz. 啶膏啶溹啶炧ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, 啶ぐ啶苦き啶距し啶距じ啷傕い啷嵿ぐ,啶掂た啶оた啶膏啶む啶�, 啶ㄠた啶ぎ啶膏啶む啶�, 啶啶班い啶苦し啷囙ぇ啶膏啶む啶� (蝉补峁僯帽腻蝉奴迟谤补, paribh膩峁Ｄ伈跖侔�, vidhi蝉奴迟谤补, niyama蝉奴迟谤补, prati峁dha蝉奴迟谤补) and 啶呧ぇ啶苦啶距ぐ啶膏啶む啶� (adhik膩ra蝉奴迟谤补); cf. also 啶膏啶溹啶炧ぞ 啶� 啶ぐ啶苦き啶距し啶� 啶� 啶掂た啶оた啶班啶ㄠた啶ぎ 啶忇さ 啶� 啶啶班い啶苦し啷囙ぇ啷嬥ぇ啶�-啶曕ぞ啶班ざ啷嵿 啶粪ぁ啷嵿さ啶苦ぇ啶 啶膏啶む啶班げ啶曕啶粪ぃ啶 啷� (蝉补峁僯帽腻 ca paribh膩峁Ｄ� ca vidhirniyama eva ca prati峁dhodhi-k膩ra艣ca 峁岣峷idham 蝉奴迟谤补lak峁峁嘺m ||) Com. on Kat. I. 1.2.
Vyakarana (啶掂啶ぞ啶曕ぐ啶�, vy膩kara峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical Terms厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擜 rule or algorithm; (lit., thread). Note: 厂奴迟谤补 is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, 箩测辞迟颈峁 or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Kavya (poetry)
: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of Sriharsa厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to an 鈥渋ndication鈥� or a 鈥減relude鈥�, and is mentioned in the Nai峁dha-carita 16.15.
Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂啶�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to 鈥渃oncise aphorisms, which contain compressed knowledge for easy learning and remembrance鈥�. (cf. Glossary page from 艢谤墨尘补诲-叠丑补驳补惫补诲-骋墨迟腻).
Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).
Shilpashastra (iconography)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to a 鈥渢hread鈥� which is wound around the 驳补谤产丑补驳峁沨补 during the purification of divine icons (bimba), as discussed in chapter 16 of the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a Sanskrit text written in 2600 verses which covers typical P膩帽car膩tra topics through a narrative dialogue between Aupag膩yana and Siddha Sumati.鈥擠escription of the chapter [产颈尘产补-艣耻诲诲丑颈]: [...] [After 箩补濒腻诲丑颈惫腻蝉补]鈥擳hereupon, having purified the temple precincts after the 艢ilpins et, al. have left, a 蝉奴迟谤补-thread and darbha-grass are wound around the 驳补谤产丑补驳峁沨补-sanctuary and worship is offered to it (41-46). Agnihoma is then done 108 times (47-51), and an elaborate 办耻尘产丑补辫奴箩腻 is attended to in the course of which the various powers and deities are invoked into the waters contained in the pots (52-84). [...]
: Shodhganga: Vaisnava Agamas And Visnu Images厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to 鈥渄ecorative cords鈥�, as defined in treatises such as the P膩帽car膩tra, P膩dmasa峁僪it膩 and Vaikh膩nasa-膩gamas, extensively dealing with the technical features of temple art, iconography and architecture in Vaishnavism.鈥擳he 膧gamas and 艢ilpa-works pay more attention to several type of bands or bandhas (办奴肠补产补苍诲丑补, stanabandha, 办补峁璱bandha, udarabandha), threads or 蝉奴迟谤补s (including the sacred cord yaj帽a蝉奴迟谤补, 办补峁璱蝉奴迟谤补, uras蝉奴迟谤补/ plamba蝉奴迟谤补 etc.), girdles, strings and belts which adorn the torso (like the 肠丑补苍苍补惫墨谤补 cross-belt), the waist and hip (尘别办丑补濒腻, 奴谤耻诲腻尘补, 办补帽肠墨诲腻尘补 etc.) down to the thighs. According to Bharata, variety of garlands set with jewels and made with artistic perfection are the ornaments of chest and jewelled strings are embellishment for the breast.
Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)
: Shodhganga: Drumavichitrikarnam鈥擯lant mutagenesis in ancient India厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to a 鈥渢hread (for tying together)鈥� (the bulbs of Nymphaea), as prescribed by certain bio-organical recipes for plant mutagenesis, according to the 痴峁沰峁Ｄ乱耻谤惫别诲补 by S奴rap膩la (1000 CE): an encyclopedic work dealing with the study of trees and the principles of ancient Indian agriculture.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚f bulbs of various species of Nymphaea are uprooted tied together firmly with threads (蝉奴迟谤补), smeared with melted butter and honey and then planted they produce those respective species in bunches (on a single creeper). Similarly several wonders of transformation can be worked out by tying together the stems of Nerium indicum and those of various species of Punica granatum鈥�.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥擺蝉奴迟谤补峁僝 Precised form of text; Aphorism
膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) (or Tantu) refers to the 艢aktitantu (鈥渃ord of power鈥�), according to the Brahmay膩mala-tantra (or Picumata), an early 7th century 艢aiva text consisting of twelve-thousand verses.鈥擺The 辫补诲尘补尘腻濒腻-惫颈诲丑颈 prescribes installing deities within series of nine, seven and eight lotuses].鈥擶hat renders the lotuses into garlands is the thread which binds them. The Brahmay膩mala first introduces this idea in presenting the second garland (that of the Yogin墨s), describing the lotuses as 鈥渂ound together by the cord of 艣补办迟颈, like gems [strung] by a cord鈥�. The terms utilized are 艣补办迟颈tantu and 艣补办迟颈蝉奴迟谤补, meaning, respectively, a thread or a cord of 艣补办迟颈. This divine power binding the lotuses together is consubstantial with the supreme Goddess herself, the Nine-Syllable Vidy膩 whose being encompasses the deities of the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补.
: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra1) 厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to a 鈥渃ord鈥� (of bound pearls), according to the Netratantra of K峁mar膩ja: a 艢aiva text from the 9th century in which 艢iva (Bhairava) teaches P膩rvat墨 topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.鈥擜ccordingly, [verse 2.20-22ab]鈥斺�淸The Mantrin] should worship the mother of Mantras with the highest bhakti, by spreading flowers and perfume, O Dev墨. He should extract the deity invoked by the Mantra [with the mantra]. Beginning with the all-pervading and ending with manifold [辞峁�], [he should] always [worship with] the nectar of the white flower. The bright sound is highest 艢akti, [who] resembles one-in-the-same 艢iva. By this [worship] the pearls [of the mantra] are all bound in a cord (蝉奴迟谤补鈥�grathita峁� sarva峁� 蝉奴迟谤e)鈥�.
2) 厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to the 鈥渢hreads (of the bonds)鈥�, according to the Netratantroddyota commentary on the Netratantra.鈥擜ccordingly, [verse 4.4.5ab]鈥斺�淸First of all, [the Mantrin] attaches the threads of the bonds (p膩艣a-蝉奴迟谤补) to the disciple鈥檚 body, then infuses the parts [of the body into that thread]. Then [the Mantrin] respectfully approaches the path (adhvan), and [performs] worship and homa to the [six] adhvans. Then, [he] visualizes the three bonds [inside the adhvans]. Then [the Mantrin performs] such rituals as the installation [of] the 艣补办迟颈, which is the support of everything else鈥�.
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (kama)厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to 鈥測arns鈥� or 鈥渢hreads鈥�.鈥擟f. 厂奴迟谤补kr墨岣嵞� which refers to 鈥渕aking models from yarns or threads鈥�, representing one of the 鈥渟ixty four kinds of Art鈥�, according to the K膩ma蝉奴迟谤补 of V膩tsy膩ya峁嘺.鈥擨ndian tradition, basically includes sixty four Art forms are acknowledged. The references of sixty four kinds of 办补濒腻 are found in the Bh膩gavatapur膩峁嘺, 艢aiva-Tantras, K膩ma蝉奴迟谤补 of V膩tsy膩ya峁嘺 etc.
Kamashastra (啶曕ぞ啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 办腻尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to the 鈥渢hread (of the breath)鈥�, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.鈥擜ccordingly, as 莫艣vara says to V膩madeva: 鈥淸...] When the wings, which are the in and out breaths and whose sphere of operation is all the senses, are cut off, the mind-bird being motionless [in the air], plummets. [The Yogin] becomes joyful like a fish having torn [free from] the mind-net, whose threads are the breath (艣v膩sa-蝉奴迟谤补) and whose knots are the senses. [...]鈥�.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 膩sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Samkhya (school of philosophy)
: SOAS: The Soteriological Role of the 峁歴蹋i Kapila in the Yuktid墨pik膩厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to the 鈥渁phorisms鈥� (of a Tantra), according to the 7th century Yuktid墨pik膩: an anonymous commentary on the S膩峁僰hyak膩rik膩 by 莫艣varak峁涐梗峁嘺 which represents the core text of the S膩峁僰hya school of Hidnu philosophy.鈥擺...] The remainder of the introductory section of the Yuktid墨pik膩 is devoted to an explanation in prose of the characteristics of a proper tantra, which include proper 鈥榥aming鈥� (蝉补峁僯帽腻) according to etymological significance. [...] The other key characteristics of a tantra discussed by the commentator are adequacy of aphorisms (蝉奴迟谤补), adequacy of means of knowledge, adequacy of the members [of formal inference], completeness, statement of uncertainty and determination, brief statement, detailed statement, succession [of categories discussed], and instruction.
Samkhya (啶膏ぞ啶傕啷嵿く, S膩峁僰hya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. Samkhya philosophy accepts three pramanas (鈥榩roofs鈥�) only as valid means of gaining knowledge. Another important concept is their theory of evolution, revolving around prakriti (matter) and purusha (consciousness).
General definition (in Hinduism)
: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) has the sense of 鈥榯hread鈥� in the Atharvaveda and later. In the sense of a 鈥� book of rules 鈥� for the guidance of sacrifices and so forth, the word occurs in the 叠峁沨补诲腻谤补峁噛补办补-耻辫补苍颈峁诲 (ii. 4. 10).
: WikiPedia: Hinduism厂奴迟谤补: A text in Hinduism or Buddhism. Literally it means a thread or line that holds things together and is derived from the verbal root siv-, meaning to sew, as does the medical term "suture." The word "sutra" was very likely meant to apply quite literally to these texts, as they were written down in books of palm leaves sewn together with thread. This distinguishes them from the older sacred Vedas, which until recently were only memorised, never committed to paper.
In ancient Indian literature, sutra denotes a distinct type of literary composition, based on short aphoristic statements, generally using various technical terms.
In Jainism, 蝉奴迟谤补 refers to canonical sermons of the Mahavira contained in the Jain Agamas, and to some later (post-canonical) normative texts.
In Buddhism, the 蝉奴迟谤补 refers mostly to canonical scriptures, many of which are regarded as records of the oral teachings of Gautama Buddha.
etymology: 厂奴迟谤补 (Sanskrit: 啶膏啶む啶�, P膩li: sutta, Ardhamagadhi: s奴ya).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to one of the twelve members of Buddhist texts (诲惫腻诲补艣腻峁単补), according to a note attached to the Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra chapter 51.鈥擜mong these texts, those that correctly (蝉奴肠补苍补迟补蝉) express the meaning are called 蝉奴迟谤补. These are:
- the four 膧gamas,
- the Mah膩y膩na蝉奴迟谤补s,
- the 250 rules (艣颈办峁Ｄ乸补诲补).
And, apart from the Tripi峁璦ka, there are also texts that are called 蝉奴迟谤补s.
厂奴迟谤补 is the name of the sacred texts found in the four 膧gamas (腻驳补尘补肠补迟耻峁ａ弓补测补) and the name of the sacred texts found in the Mah膩y膩na. The 蝉奴迟谤补s are of two groups: the 蝉奴迟谤补s contained in the four 膧gamas and the Mah膩y膩n蝉奴迟谤补s called Great 厂奴迟谤补s. To penetrate into these two groups is to penetrate into the Greater and Lesser Vehicles also. The 250 precepts (艣颈办峁Ｄ乸补诲补) and similar texts are called 鈥�蝉奴迟谤补鈥�.
: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) [=蝉奴迟谤补ka?] refers to a 鈥�(five-fold) twine鈥� (suitable for an offering ritual), according to the 痴补箩谤补迟耻峁囜笉补蝉补尘补测补办补濒辫补谤腻箩补, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.鈥擜ccordingly, [as the Bhagav膩n teaches the offering of the root spell], 鈥淸...] Four stakes made of khadira wood should be driven into the ground in the four corners of the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补. This [space] should be encircled with five-coloured five-fold twine (蝉奴迟谤补). Having recited twenty-one times everywhere, a rite should be performed. [...]鈥�.
Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补s of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补s.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: Google Books: The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) (in Tibetan: mdo) 鈥� A discourse of the Buddha, contained in the canonical collection of either a Hinayana or Mahayana school. There is significant disagreement between Hinayana and Mahayana schools over which sutras were actually taught by the Buddha, with the former having a narrower, and the latter a more expansive, understanding of 鈥渨hat the Buddha taught.鈥�
: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to the 鈥渟acred thread鈥� and represents one of the five auspicious symbols of 狈补颈谤腻迟尘腻.鈥擳he Indian Museum image is the only image of this goddess [狈补颈谤腻迟尘腻] which conforms to the description given in the 蝉腻诲丑补苍补. Here the goddess, in accordance with the Dhy膩na, has a terrible appearance with canine teeth, garland of heads and three eyes rolling in anger. She stands on the corpse lying on its back, and dances in the 补谤诲丑补辫补谤测补峁卥补 attitude. Burning flames radiate from her person, and her hair rise upwards in the shape of a flame. She is decked in the five auspicious symbols, the 办补峁囜弓丑颈办腻 (torque), rucaka (bracelets), ratna (jewels), 尘别办丑补濒腻 (girdle), and bhasma (ashes) or the 蝉奴迟谤补 (sacred thread) in the form of a garland of heads. She bears the image of her sire Ak峁bhya on her crown and carries the menacing kartri in the right hand. The left hand holding the 办补辫腻濒补 is broken. The 办丑补峁璿腻峁単补, as usual, hangs from her left shoulder.
: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Ma峁囜笉ala厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) is the name of a V墨ra (hero) who, together with the 岣屇乲in墨 named S奴trik膩 forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Cittacakra, according to the 10th century 岣屇乲腻谤峁嘺惫补 chapter 15. Accordingly, the cittacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the 苍颈谤尘腻峁嘺-辫耻峁璦 (鈥榚manation layer鈥�), situated in the Heruka尘补峁囜笉补濒补. The 36 pairs of 岣屇乲in墨s and V墨ras [viz., 厂奴迟谤补] are black in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�, 鈥渄iscourses鈥�) refers to one of the 鈥渘ine (types of) teachings鈥� (蝉奴迟谤补) as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 62). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., 蝉奴迟谤补). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Source: Wisdom Library: BuddhismSutra:鈥擜 teaching or book
: Shambala Publications: General厂奴迟谤补 Skt., lit., 鈥渢hread鈥�; (Pali, sutta; Jap., ky艒); discourses of the Buddha. The 蝉奴迟谤补s are collected in the second part of the Buddhist canon, the 厂奴迟谤补-pitaka, or 鈥淏asket of the Teachings.鈥� According to tradition they derive directly from the Buddha. The 蝉奴迟谤补s are prose texts, each introduced by the words 鈥淭hus have I heard.鈥� These words are ascribed to 膧nanda, a student of the Buddha.
The H墨nay膩na 蝉奴迟谤补s are divided into 鈥渃ollections,鈥� which in the Pali canon are called Nik膩yas and in the Sanskrit version, Agamas. The Nik膩yas are the D墨gha-nik膩ya, Majjhima-nik膩ya, Samyutta-nik膩ya, Anguttara-nik膩ya, and Khuddaka-nik膩ya. Along with these H墨nay膩na 蝉奴迟谤补s, a great number of Mah膩y膩na 蝉奴迟谤补s have also been preserved. They were originally composed in Sanskrit but are for the most part extant only in Chinese or Tibetan translations. They are thought to have been composed between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century CE.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) refers to one of the five parts of 顿峁涐梗峁璱惫腻诲补: one of the twelve limbs of the internal-corpus (补峁単补-辫谤补惫颈峁ａ弓补). The A峁単apravi峁ａ弓a refers to one of the two types of scriptural knowledge (艣谤耻迟补), which refers to one of the five types of knowledge (箩帽腻苍补). according to the 2nd-century Tattv膩rtha蝉奴迟谤补 1.20, 鈥渟criptural knowledge (艣谤耻迟补) preceded by sensory knowledge (mati) is of two, or of twelve (e.g., 诲峁涐梗峁璱惫腻诲补) or of many kinds鈥�.
How may sub divisions are there of 厂奴迟谤补 and Prath膩manuyoga? There is only one type /part of both 厂奴迟谤补 and Prath膩manuyoga.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary厂奴迟谤补.鈥�(IA 20), a manual of religious rituals, etc. (HRS), royal receipts collected by the superintendent of weaving, as suggested by the Artha艣膩stra. (IE 3-1), same as 艣arayantraka; the string holding the leaves of a manuscript together (V膩savadatta, Hall's ed., p. 250). Note: 蝉奴迟谤补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
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厂奴迟谤补.鈥�(PJS), abbreviation of 厂奴迟谤补诲丑腻谤补, a mason. Note: 蝉奴迟谤补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysutr膩 (啶膏啶む啶班ぞ).鈥�& 蝉耻迟谤墨 a Better 蝉奴迟谤腻.
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蝉奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥攏 (S) A thread in general, any string, line, fibre, or filament. 2 The string or wire of a puppet, doll &c.; and, hence, the art, trick, mystery, knack, key, spring, turning pin (of an ingenious piece of mechanism, or a complicate and intricate business); the scheme or plan of its construction; the manner of its operation; the moving or managing principle &c.: also, for mana蝉奴迟谤补, the inclining or working of the mind; the mental tendencies or the will. 3 The rule, law, canon; the system of instructions and directions; the process or line of procedure; as prescribed or as necessary to be observed for the accomplishment or conduct of a business or work. 4 A rule or precept (in morals or science); a short, obscure, and technical sentence, enjoining some observance in law or religion, or expressing some rule in grammar, logic, or other science. In both cases, the sutra is the fundamental and primitive part of Hindu learning, and is the form in which the works of the early writers appear. 5 An opinion or a decree in law. 6 A string; a collection of threads (as that worn over the shoulder by the three first classes).
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蝉奴迟谤腻 (啶膏啶む啶班ぞ) [or 啶膏啶む啶班, 蝉奴迟谤墨].鈥攁 The same with 蝉奴迟谤补ka q. v. supra; but 蝉奴迟谤腻 being more definitely Prakrit, and determined somewhat by the Hindustani has the further sense of Clever, expert, adroit, skilful, sharp, smart, apt &c.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English蝉奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�n A thread. The key. A rule. A string.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擺蝉奴迟谤-补肠]
1) A thread, string, line, cord; 啶啶粪啶ぎ啶距げ啶距え啷佮し啶權啶椸啶� 啶膏啶む啶班 啶多た啶班じ啶� 啶оぞ啶班啶い啷� (pu峁am膩l膩nu峁峁単e峁嘺 蝉奴迟谤补峁� 艣irasi dh膩ryate) 厂耻产丑腻蝉.; 啶ぃ啷� 啶掂啷嵿ぐ啶膏ぎ啷佮い啷嵿啷�啶班啶｀ 啶膏啶む啶班じ啷嵿く啷囙さ啶距じ啷嵿い啶� 啶 啶椸い啶苦 (ma峁嘺u vajrasamutk墨r峁噀 蝉奴迟谤补syev膩sti me gati岣�) R.1.4.
2) A fibre; 啶膏啶班ぞ啶權啶椸え啶� 啶曕ぐ啷嵿し啶むた 啶栢ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶苦い啶距啷嵿ぐ啶距い啷� 啶膏啶む啶班 啶啶｀ぞ啶侧ぞ啶︵た啶� 啶班ぞ啶溹す啶傕じ啷� (sur膩峁単an膩 kar峁ti kha峁囜笉it膩gr膩t 蝉奴迟谤补峁� m峁涐箛膩l膩diva r膩jaha峁僺墨) V.1.18; Kum膩rasambhava 1.4.
3) A wire.
4) A collection of threads.
5) The sacred thread or sacrificial cord worn by members of the first three classes; 啶多た啶栢ぞ啶膏啶む啶班さ啶距え啷� 啶啶班ぞ啶灌啶ぃ啶� (艣ikh膩蝉奴迟谤补v膩n br膩hma峁嘺岣�) Tarka K.; 啶掂た啶啶班い啷嵿さ啷� 啶膏啶む啶班ぎ啷囙さ 啶灌た (vipratve 蝉奴迟谤补meva hi) Bh膩gavata 12.2.3.
6) The string or wire of a puppet.
7) A short rule or precept, an aphorism.
8) A short or concise technical sentence used as a memorial rule; it is thus defined:-啶膏啶掂げ啷嵿お啶距啷嵿し啶班ぎ啶膏啶︵た啶椸啶о 啶膏ぞ啶班さ啶︵ 啶掂た啶多啶掂い啷嬥ぎ啷佮啶 啷� 啶呧じ啷嵿い啷嬥き啶え啶掂う啷嵿く啶� 啶� 啶膏啶む啶班 啶膏啶む啶班さ啶苦う啷� 啶掂た啶︵啶� (svalp膩k峁ramasa峁僤igdha峁� s膩ravad vi艣vatomukham | astobhamanavadya峁� ca 蝉奴迟谤补峁� 蝉奴迟谤补vido vidu岣�).
9) Any work or manual containing such aphoristic rules; e. g. 啶ぞ啶ㄠさ啶曕げ啷嵿お啶膏啶む啶�, 啶嗋お啶膏啶むぎ啷嵿が啶膏啶む啶�, 啶椸啶灌啶じ啷傕い啷嵿ぐ (m膩navakalpa蝉奴迟谤补, 膩pastamba蝉奴迟谤补, g峁沨ya蝉奴迟谤补) &c.
1) A rule, canon, decree (in law).
11) A girdle; 啶掂ぞ啶膏 啶膏じ啷傕い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶侧啷佮ぎ啶距ぐ啷佮い啷嬥そ啶灌ぐ啶︵ 啶さ啶膏啶� 啶︵啶掂じ啷嵿く 啶曕た啶侧ぞ啶ㄠ啶ざ啷嵿く啶む (v膩sa岣� sa蝉奴迟谤补峁� laghum膩ruto'harad bhavasya devasya kil膩nupa艣yata岣�) Bh膩gavata 8.12.23.
12) A line, stroke.
13) A sketch, plan; 啶む啶掂ぎ啷囙さ 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶︵啶樴ぞ啶た啶い啷嵿い啶 啶︵啷嵿し啷囙ぃ 啶膏啶む啶班啶� 啶膏じ啶班啶溹た啶ムぞ- 啶о啶掂ぐ啶 (tvameva dharm膩rthadugh膩bhipattaye dak峁峁嘺 蝉奴迟谤e峁嘺 sasarjith膩- dhvaram) Bh膩gavata 4.6.44.
14) Indication, prelude; 啶掂た啶多啷嵿啷嵿く 啶膏啶む啶班 啶啶班啶粪ぞ啶た啶むじ啷嵿く 啶むう啷� 啶さ啶苦し啷嵿く啶む啶洁じ啷嵿ぎ啶距く啶� 啶むう啶� 啶むう啶距げ啶苦き啶苦 (vi艣a峁卥ya 蝉奴迟谤补峁� puru峁Ｄ亂itasya tad bhavi峁ato'sm膩yi tad膩 tad膩libhi岣�) N.16.15.
Derivable forms: 蝉奴迟谤补m (啶膏啶む啶班ぎ啷�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥�nt. (also 蝉奴迟谤腻nta, q.v.), (1) (= Pali sutta) discourse, as a type of Buddhist sacred text (pravacana), one of twelve, 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 1267, or nine, 顿丑补谤尘补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 62; (2) also = 蝉奴迟谤补-pi峁璦ka, q.v. (= Pali sutta-pi峁璦ka), the (collection of) discourses, one of the three grand divisions of the Buddhist canon: 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 1412; 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 333.7; 蝉奴迟谤补vinay膩bhi- dharme峁嘺 La峁卥膩vat膩ra-蝉奴迟谤补 290.8.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥攏.
(-迟谤补峁�) 1. A thread in general. 2. A rule, a precept, in morals or science; a short, obscure, and technical sentence, enjoying some observance in law or religion, or intimating some rule in grammar, logic, &c.; in each case it is the fundamental and primitive part of Hindu learning, and is the form in which the works of the early and supposed inspired writers appear; the ingenuity and labour of subsequent authors having expanded and explained the original Sutras in various commentaries and glosses. 3. An opinion or decree, (in law.) 4. A string, a collection of threads, as that worn by the three first classes, &c. 5. The string or wire of a puppet. 6. A fibre. E. 峁惫 to sew, 峁ａ弓谤补苍 Unadi aff., and iva changed to 奴; or 蝉奴迟谤补 to string, ac aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥攊. e. siv + tra, n. 1. A thread, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] 65, 13. 2. Fibre, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 19. 3. A string, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 140; the holy string, [distich] 157. 4. A rule in morals or science, a short aphorism, e. g. the rules of P膩峁噄ni. 5. An opinion or decree in law.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�).鈥擺neuter] thread, cord, [especially] the sacred cord worn by the first three classes; string, wire; line, brief rule or a book of such rules.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥擺anonymous] Oppert. 4673.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥擺from 蝉奴迟谤] n. ([according to] to [gana] 补谤诲丑补肠腻诲颈 also m.; [from] 鈭�siv, 鈥榯o sew鈥�, and connected with 蝉奴肠颈 and 蝉奴苍腻) a thread, yarn, string, line, cord, wire, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] a measuring line (cf. -辫腻迟补), [Hariva峁兣沘; Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it膩] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] the sacred thread or cord worn by the first three classes (cf. 测补箩帽辞辫补惫墨迟补), [Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺]
4) [v.s. ...] a girdle, [ib.]
5) [v.s. ...] a fibre, [K膩lid膩sa]
6) [v.s. ...] a line, stroke, [Mah膩bh膩rata; Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it膩; Gol膩dhy膩ya]
7) [v.s. ...] a sketch, plan, [R膩jatara峁単i峁嚹玗
8) [v.s. ...] that which like a thread runs through or holds together everything, rule, direction, [Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺]
9) [v.s. ...] a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules hanging together like threads (these 厂奴迟谤补 works form manuals of teaching in ritual, philosophy, grammar etc.: e.g. in ritual there are first the 艢rauta-蝉奴迟谤补s, and among them the Kalpa-蝉奴迟谤补s, founded directly on 艢ruti q.v.; they form a kind of rubric to Vedic ceremonial, giving concise rules for the performance of every kind of sacrifice [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 146 etc.]; other kinds of 艢掳 works are the G峁沨ya-蝉奴迟谤补s and S膩may膩c膩rika or Dharma-蝉奴迟谤补s id est. 鈥榬ules for domestic ceremonies and conventional customs鈥�, sometimes called collectively Sm膩rta-蝉奴迟谤补s [as founded on 蝉尘峁泃颈 or 鈥榯radition鈥� See 蝉尘腻谤迟补]; these led to the later Dharma艣膩stras or 鈥榣aw-books鈥� [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 145]; in philosophy each system has its regular text-book of aphorisms written in 厂奴迟谤补s by its supposed founder [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 60 etc.]; in Vy膩kara峁嘺 or grammar there are the celebrated 厂奴迟谤补s of P膩峁噄ni in eight books, which are the groundwork of a vast grammatical literature; with Buddhists, P膩艣upatas etc. the term 厂奴迟谤补 is applied to original text books as opp. to explanatory works; with Jainas they form part of the 顿峁涐梗峁璱惫腻诲补), [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 162 etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] a kind of tree, [顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥�(kat) 蝉奴迟谤补yati 10. a. To thread, string.
2) (迟谤补峁�) 1. n. A thread, a 叠谤腻丑尘补苍颈肠补濒 thread; a line; verse, text; rule; decree of law.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sutta.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥�(nm) a thread, yarn, fibre; source; aphorism; formula; sacred thread ([jane奴; ~kart膩]) a composer of aphorism (of philosophy, grammar, etc.); ~[诲丑腻谤补] the stage manager (in a dramatic performance); ~[辫腻迟补] beginning, commencement: ~[baddha] formulated; integrated; -[艣补颈濒墨] terse style, condensed style.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpus厂奴迟谤补 (嗖膏硞嗖む硩嗖�):鈥�
1) [noun] a length of a thread.
2) [noun] a sacrificial thread worn on the left shoulder and under the right arm by br膩hma峁嘺s.
3) [noun] a string or strings used to make the puppets.
4) [noun] a short, pointed sentence or verse expressing a wise, esoteric observation, truth, etc.; an aphorism.
5) [noun] a law, rule or other order prescribed by authority; a regulation.
6) [noun] a controlling or being controlled.
7) [noun] (math.) a symbol for the number two.
8) [noun] 嗖膏硞嗖む硩嗖班拨 嗖椸硦嗖傕铂喑� [sutrada gombe] 蝉奴迟谤补da gombe a puppet or jointed figure moved by pulling the strings attached to it; 2. (fig.) a person whose actions, ideas, etc. are controlled by another; a puppet; 嗖膏硞嗖む硩嗖� 嗖嗋病嗖苦哺喑� [sutra adisu] 蝉奴迟谤补膩岣峣su to pull the strngs manipulatively while playing the dolls on the stage; 2. ( fig.) to direct action of others secretely; 嗖膏硞嗖む硩嗖� 嗖灌部嗖∴部 [sutra hidi] 蝉奴迟谤补 hi岣峣 = 嗖膏硞嗖む硩嗖� 嗖嗋病嗖苦哺喑� [sutra adisu].
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary厂奴迟谤补 (啶膏啶む啶�):鈥攏. 1. a thread; string; cord; 2. a fiber; 3. a wire; 4. a collection of threads; 5. the sacred thread or sacrificial cord; 6. an aphorism suggestive of words or phrases summarizing religious and philosophical instruction; 7. a rule; canon/decree; 8. a clue; a formula;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+16): Sutrabaddha, Sutrabaddhate, Sutrabhashya, Sutrabhashyavyakhya, Sutrabombe, Sutraccheda, Sutradaridrata, Sutradharaka, Sutradharamandana, Sutradharitana, Sutradipika, Sutraganita, Sutragombe, Sutraguttige, Sutrajala, Sutrakarana, Sutrakartri, Sutramaya, Sutranada, Sutranyasa.
Full-text (+16983): Brahmasutra, Grihyasutra, Kalpasutra, Shrauta Sutra, Kalasutra, Sutradhara, Katisutra, Akshasutra, Dharmasutra, Yoga Sutra, Dirghasutra, Kamasutra, Yajnasutra, Sutrakara, Shanasutra, Manasutra, Shivasutra, Kanthasutra, Sutrapushpa, Chandahsutra.
Relevant text
Search found 453 books and stories containing Sutra, 厂奴迟谤补, Sutr膩, S奴tr膩, Sutras; (plurals include: Sutras, 厂奴迟谤补s, Sutr膩s, S奴tr膩s, Sutrases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Buddhist Sutra literature (study) (by Gopika G)
Part 2 - Worship of Books in Buddhism < [Chapter 4 - Buddhist culture of worship in Saddharmapu峁囜笉ar墨ka 厂奴迟谤补]
Part 1 - Manuscripts and Translations of the Saddharmapu峁囜笉ar墨ka 厂奴迟谤补 < [Chapter 2 - Content analysis of Saddharma-pu峁囜笉ar墨ka 厂奴迟谤补]
Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya) (by George Thibaut)
First Adhy膩ya < [Introduction]
Third Adhy膩ya < [Introduction]
Pratyabhijna and Shankara鈥檚 Advaita (comparative study) (by Ranjni M.)
8. Prasth膩natraya in Ved膩nta < [Chapter 2 - Historical and Cultural background of Pratyabhij帽膩 and Advaita Ved膩nta]
4.1. Up膩yas for Mok峁 in Pratyabhij帽膩 < [Chapter 5 - Concept of M膩y膩 in Pratyabhij帽膩 and Advaita]
5. Non-dualism in 膧gamic Tradition < [Chapter 1 - Introduction: Non-dualism in Indian philosophy]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Ch枚dr枚n)
First a峁単a (member): 厂奴迟谤补 < [Part 2 - Hearing the twelve-membered speech of the Buddha]
Conditions note (1): The system in the canonical 蝉奴迟谤补s < [Part 1 - Understanding the Conditions (pratyaya)]
Part 2 - Hearing the twelve-membered speech of the Buddha < [Chapter LI - Seeing all the Buddha Fields]
Preksha meditation: History and Methods (by Samani Pratibha Pragya)
4.7. Composition of Manonu艣膩sanao < [Chapter 3 - The History of Meditation in Ter膩panth]
Bibliography I: Primary-Literature including Sanskrit-, Other Prakrit-and P膩l墨-Literature
4.1. Meditation: A Means of Liberation < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Asvalayana-grihya-sutra (by Hermann Oldenberg)
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