365bet娱乐

骋尝翱厂厂础搁驰鈥�Abhaya-mudra hand pose, indicative of assurance or protection, in which the right hand is raised with its palm facing outwards and the fingers extended upwards.. Abhiseka ritual bathing of an image. Adhisthana raised platform or jagati. Agama creeper ornaments on vertical panels. Ajnamala Airabata Akasalinga Alamba Alasakanyas - Alvar Alidha Alingana ( loving garland, a garland given as a symbol of permission. the celestial elephant, the vehicle of Indra; the king of gods. linga-shaped finial surmounting the mastaka of early Saiva temples. ornament of hanging bead garlands generally issuing from the mouth of kirtimukha. indolent or playful damsels; female figures in various poses decorating the walls of temples. Vaisnava poet-saint. a particular pose or attitude of legs in the posture of an archer with right leg outstretched and the left slightly bent. an embrace Amala or Amalakasila Amrta-kalasa Ananta fluted disc, resembling an amalaka fruit, crowning the top of the gandi or spire, which resting on the beki forms an important component of the mastaka of a rekha or a pidha temples; Bhumi-amala, a similar ornament demarcating one bhumi from another in the kanika paga of the gandi of the rekha temple. vessel containing the nectar of immortality crowning the temple. the prince of snakes, Ananta is another name of Balarama. Ananta sayee Visnu - a decorative auspicious motif of reclining Visnu on the bed of serpent - coil. Andhakasura badha Angasikhara Angula - Siva killing the demon Andhakasura. miniature representation of a rekha deula on the gandi of the temple. unit of measurement of one finger's breath, or of eight barley corns (Yavas). 24 angulas make one hasta (cubit).

Anjali mudra 路 Ankusa Antarala Anuraha a gesture of veneration and worship in which the palms are joined. the elephant goad. space in front of sanctum door connecting (sanctum) deula and mandapa (pillared hall). narrow vertical wall part running from the base to the top of the temple, between anuratha and raha. The second paga from centre in sapta and nava ratha temples. Anuratha or Anartha Apsara Ardhacandra - -vertical wall projecting (ratha) running from the base of the bada to the bisama, situated between the kanika and the raha paga. The paga next to the kanika paga in the pancaratha temple. nymph or heavenly maiden; the figure of it is noticed as an ornamental representation, both Brahminical and Bhuddhistic. hand pose resembling a crescent moon, often held at the thigh. yoni-shaped pedestal for the sanctum image. Argha patta, also Yoni patta Ardha paryanka Aruna Aruna sthambha Asana a seated pose in which both legs are on the seat; one of the legs is under the body as in padmasana but the knee of the other is raised and generally supports an outstretched arm. the charioteer of Surya or the Sun god. Aruna is the name of the god of the Dawn. Aruna and Garuda were Casyapa's son by Vinata. Aruna is represented as thighless. a pillar dedicated to Aruna or the Sun; the monolithic stone pillar in front of the temple of Lord Jagannatha of Puri; it was originally in front of the temple of Surya or the Sun-god of Konarka. a seat; a pedestal; a seated posture. Astadikpalas guardians of the eight quarters, housed in niches of the kanika of most later temples. They are Indra (east); Agni (south-east); Yama (south); Nairrta (south-west); Varuna (west); Vayu (northwest); Kuvera (north) and Isana (north-east). Asta sakhi Asta tala Asura Avarana devata eight maidens or female figures carved in the baranda of the anuratha paga. a standard of measurement for carving images. Eight times the height of the head, proportion of the human figure appropriated for deviimage. demon. secondary divinities surrounding the main image in the temple, forming a protective ring; they usually occupy on the 342

Avatara Ayudha Bada Bada danda Bada deula Bandha Bandhana Banka-jali Bara-jhanji Baranda Barandi Basanta Bedi or Vedi = Beki Beki-bhairava Bhadra Bhairava anuratha niches or on the outer walls of the main deula and mukhasala. They are not worshipped like the presiding deity. an incarnation of deity. a symbolical weapon or attribute in the hands of divinities. wall portion of the temple below the curvilinear spire or pyramidal roof and above pista. the chief path-way. main temple among the temples. 麓a frieze, a band, a level of moulding. a set of horizontal mouldings that divide the jangha into upper and lower storeys, the third element from upwards of the bada. a sort of jali or lattice or honey combed work. a sort of carving lining the doorway of an Orissan temple, a water plant. moulding (single or multiple) forming the top element of the bada. It demarcates the bada from the gandi. the first or lower most moulding in bandhana or baranda, horizontal mouldings forming bhumi division on the gandi of rekha temple. the fifth element of the pabhaga from the below upwards. altar; bisama; a kind of pista. neck part of the temple; portion between the gandi and the amalakasila of rekha; between the upper pidha and the ghanta and amlaka in pidha deula. crouching human figure placed on the beki above each raha, which helps to support the amlakasila. On later temple it is replaced by seated images of the presiding deity or, on Visnu temples, by Garuda. auspicious; particular order of temple (bhadra-deula) mukhasala in front of the temple. a terrific figure of Lord Siva. Bhararaksakas or Bharavahakas- atlantid ganas, dwarfs with uplifted hands, as if supporting a structure above, generally carved on the capital or pilasters or placed in horizontal recesses. Bho an ornamental motif of a highly ornate caitya-medallion flanked on either side by a gana or female figure. 343 Bhogamandapa a hall of offerings; the refectory hall of a temple.

Bhumi Bhumi-amala 路 Bhumi-barandis Bisama Bodhica Brahma Brahmacarya Brsabha Caitya Cakra Camara plane, storey, horizontal division of the spire or gandi generally consisting of multiple barandis crowned by a ribbed amala on the kanika division. fluted disc demarcating one bhumi from another on the kanika paga of the gandi of rekha temple. horizontal mouldings forming a bhumi. top moulding of the gandi, just below the beki, generally undecorated. the Indian name for the capital of a column. Lord of creation. sexual abstinence; celibacy bull, the conventional mount of Lord Siva. ornamental motif, resembling the window of a Buddhist rockcut caitya-hall, in the shape of a stylized horse shoe. wheel or disc; the weapon of Lord Visnu called 'Sudarsana'. girl holding a flywhisk. Campaka-dala- decoration of Campaka leaf hanging from the upper edge of the kumbha moulding of the pabhaga. a terrific figure of Durga Camunda Candra Candrika Catura Caturasra moon eye on peacock's feather, technical term for ornament in this form. dance pose with the left leg raised though the toes remain on the ground. quadrangle, square, visama, caturasra= rectangular. Cauri flywhisk. Chattri umbrella behind or above the head of a figure. Cula Culika crest, crowning part of a roof in the form of a dome or a valult. crest ornament in the form of a small rounded top. Daksinis Dalajhara Dalamalika Dali famele imps, eaters of raw flesh; attendants of goddess Kali. petal; moulding used in padma pista with such carving. female holding the branch of a tree. a scroll work; a sort of carving lining the doorway. 344

Dambaru Danda Danti Darpana the drumb of Siva, shaped like an hour glass. stick; staff. tooth-edged profile, female figure holding a mirror (darpana). Daru a log of wood. Dasavatara ten incarnations. Deula Devadasi Devata Devi Dhanus Dharma cakra Dhvaja the general name for a temple as a whole. Also refers to sanctum of the temple. temple courtesans or dancing girls whose ostentatious duty was to sing before images of the deities at regular intervals. god. goodess. . bows. mudra of preaching the law, both hands are held against chest, forming the wheel, with the left hand covering the right. flag, finial. Dhvaja sthambha Dhyana mudra Dipa Dola Dopichha simha Dori Dvarapala www flag staff; column with the mount or ensign of a deity as the crowning piece. a gesture of meditation where in the hands are placed on the lap, right hand on the left, with the fingers fully extended and the palm facing upwards. lamp or offering lamp. swing. lion with one head and two hind parts placed at corners of architectural elements, particularly in the baranda recess and in the beki. horizontal narrow band. door keepers or guards at the entrance of the shrine, one placed on either side of the door. Dvarapalika; female doorkeeper. Dvara-lalata-bimba Dvibhanga Gada panel in the centre of the lintel, generally carved with an image of Gaja-Laksmi, occasionally with Lakulisa, Ganesa, Kartikeya or other deities. to stand with double bends in the body. mace. 345

Gaja Gaja-hasta Gaja-kranta Gaja-Laksmi Gajapati Gaja virala Gambhira Gambuja Ganas Gandharvas GandiGarga Garbha Garbha-grha Garbha-muda elephant; gaja-gamini, frieze consisting of figures of moving elephants; gaja-simha; figure of a crouchant lion upon a prostrate elephant. a mudra in which the arm is thrown across the chest simulating the probosics of an elephant, also known as danda hasta. motif of a lion seated with three legs on the back of an elephant. The other front paw is held in front of the chest ready to strike the crouching elephant; gaja-simha. auspicious motif of Laksmi seated on a lotus and flanked on either side by an elephant bathing her with water from a jar held in their upraised trunks; it is generally noticed on the lintel of the doorway. Lord of elephant. a rampant leonine monster with the head of an elephant triumphantly standing above a crouching or prostrate demonwarrior. sanctuary; chief room inside temple, where the image is. dome, arch. a group of demi-gods attending on Siva. a class of celestial musicians. trunk, sikhara, curvilinear spire or pyramidal roof above the bada. the river goddess. womb, a hollow. womb, innermost chamber sanctum-sanctorum of the temple. lowest ceiling of the sanctum. Garbha-nyasa - laying the foundation of the shrine. Garbhika Garuda Gavaksa architectural element above and below the niche of the raha, tala-garbhika and urdhva garbhika. eagle mount of Lord Visnu. mullioned window on the north and south centre projections of the jagamohana. It is usually rectangular and is filled with screen (jali) work or lattice on early temples and with balusters on later temples. sculptured panel above the gavaksa window, often filled with a siksadana motif or a royal figure on later temples. Gavaksa mandana Gauriya one type of architectural style prevalent in Gaura. 346

Gelbai scroll work consisting of a meandering vine with frolicking boys climbing its branches alternately on either side. the upper part of the kalasa. Ghadi } Ghanta bell; bell-shaped member in the mastaka of a pidha temple. Ghata water pot, vase. Gopuram temple gateway. Grahas planetary deities. Grha house, shrine; niche, groove, chase, recess. Hamsa Gulma Hamsa-lata Gundika Hanumana Hara Hara Hasta Hasti Jagamohana Jagrata Jali Jangha- swan or goose. cluster, bunch of leaves. scroll work issuing from the tail of a hamsa. bead ornament. the celebrated monkey chief who helped Rama in his war against Ravana. Siva. necklace. hand, arm or hand pose, unit of measurement, consisting of 24 angulas and corresponding to a cubit approximately. elephant. 路 rectangular or square hall in front of the sanctum; mukhasala. leonine monster leaping on its hind legs above a crouching elephant or a demon-warrior. It generally has a warrior or amazon as a rider and is a standard decorative motif on the sandhisthala of later temples of Orissa. any perforated or honey combed pattern. In pata jali the perforations are square or rectangular while in banka jali they are diamond shaped. "shin", vertical portion of the bada between the pabhaga and the baranda. On later temples it is generally divided into two storeys by a bandhana. recitation of god's name. Japa Japamala rosary Jata matted hair. Jata-mukuta matted hair forming a conical crown. 347

Jhapa-simha Jhara, Jharavali Jnana Jnana mudra a variety of rampant lion used as an ornamental device. sculptured ornament of hanging drops. knowledge. The tips of the a gesture indicating spiritual knowledge. middle, forefingers and the thumb are joined together and held near the heart with the palm turned towards it. 348 Kakapaksa cocks comb; hair style arranged to resemble a cocks-comb, usually of the god Kartikeya. Kalasa Kalika water pot; crowning element of the mastaka in the form of a stone vase. flower-bud. Kamandalu Kani Kani pista water pot; an oblong water vessel with a handle and a spout. moulding of the shape of a 'V' placed sideways. plinth or pedestal with projecting pointed profiles. Kanika;Kanika paga Kanthi Kanya Kapala Kataka hasta Kati sutra Kaupina Kera, Keri Ketaki Ketakibharana Khadga Khakhara Khakhara deula corner vertical, segment running up the height of the structure; outermost pilaster in the body of a temple. vertical recess between mouldings, pidhas or potalas. daughter; female figure, young girl in various poses. bowl made of a human-skull. Khakhara mundi mudra with the tips of the fingers loosely joined to the thumb to form a ring. A fresh flower is frequently inserted in the hand. a thin waist-band. the lion cloth. sculptural ornament resembling a fascio, Kera = bunch. a flower girl putting Ketaki flowers in her hair. sword, it may be long or short, single or double edged. Oriya word, semi-cylindrical member resembling the fruit Kakharu or Voita-Kakharu, a variety of pumpkin gourd. a type of temple with a semi-cylindrical crowning member. It is always dedicated to some form of the Sakti and is invariably oblong in plan with vaulted roof. miniature representation of the khakhara temple carved as a decorative motif on the pagas, its niche housing figure motifs.

Khapuri Khatvanga Khetaka Khura Kinnara Kirita Kirita- mukuta Kirtimukha Kona Ksetra Kukuta Kumbha skull; slightly curved stone slab surmounting the amalakasila of mastaka. a club formed by the bone of the forearm or leg with a skull attached to the tip. shield either circular or rectangular, with a sharp-handle on the back. lower most moulding of the pabhaga, in the form of a hoof. semi-divine being with a half human, half-animal body. crest, crown, diadem, crown usually of Lord Visnu. conical coiffure studded with jewels. i 'face of glory', decorative motif showing the grinning face of a lion with festoons of pearls dripping from its mouth. corner, angle. any field or area of the temple. rooster-cock; one of the standard attributes of god Kartikeya. form of a water pot or pitcher; second element of pabhaga. Kumbha bandha ornament consisting of small horizontally or vertically. water-jars aligned Kumbha-kalasa small jar or pitcher Kumbha-sthambha - pillar or pilaster, with a kumbha design at the base and top. Kunda water tank. Kundala earrings. Kurma tortoise, the tortoise incarnation of Lord Visnu. Kuthara hatchet, one of the standard attributes of Ganesa. Kutila Kuvera:Laduka; Ladu:Lahara creeper with long drawn wavy stalks. the king of the Yaksas, he is the god of riches and regent of the north-direction. a round ball of sweet, dear to Ganesa. wave, corbelled roof with stones over sailing one another. Lahari tala base of the corbelled roof. Lakuta:club, usually held by Lakulisa. 349

Lalita:Lalitasana:Lata Lata danda Linga:Linga puja:Madalapanji Madhya bandhana dance pose wherein the right leg is raised with toes remaining on the ground. the pose in which one leg hangs down the seat while the other is on the seat. creeper, scroll work. stalk of the creeper. phallic emblem of Lord Siva, male generative organ. worship of the phallic emblem of Lord Siva. the Oriya palm leaf chronicle of the Lord Jagannatha temple of Puri; the archieves or records of the temple of Lord Jagannatha. string course in the middle of the jangha. Mahavidyas the ten different aspects of parasakti, the primeval energy; they represent the various aspects and stages of spiritual knowledge and are frequently represented on devi temples as avaranadevatas or protective deities. Makara Makara-kundala Makara-torana Mandapa capricornus; crocodile, legendary aquatic animal with the head of a crocodile, a small proboscis and the body of a fish. earring shaped like a makara. torana; torana with a makara head on each side at the base of the arch while a kirtimukha is generally at the apex. a hall in front of the main shrine; mukhasala or jagamohana, small shrine on pillars with pyramidal roof. Mandira temple. Mangala Mastaka auspicious, lucky. crowning elements above the gandi or spire. Mayamata a treatise on Indian Architecture. Matrkas Matrmurti Mausi the Saktis of certain gods; mother goddesses, 7 or 8 in number. image of a female figure with child. mother's sister. Mekhala belt, waist ornament. Mithuna Modaka patra Mohana amorous couple in various degrees of intimacy. bowl of sweets generally held by Ganesa; ambrosia pot. rectangular or square hall in front of the sanctum; mukhasala. 350

Mrdanga drum. Mrga deer. Muda Mudra Muhanti Mukhasala Munda mala ceiling; to close; garbha muda, horizontal course of stones closing garbha. symbolic hand gesture with specific significance. projecting fillet at the base of a khura, pidha, khapuri or khakhara,. hall in front of the main temple, also called jagamohana or mandapa. skull garland worn by Camunda and Siva in his destructive aspect. miniature temple carved on pagas as a decorative motif. serpent; fabulous creature with a human bust, serpent tail and a. canopy of serpent hoods. Its female counter part is nagini. Mukti mandapa temple judiciary Mundi Naga Naga-bandha Naga-pasa Nagara Naga-sthambha Nandavarta Nandi ornament of interlacing serpents, mainly on the bands around the portals. noose formed of serpents. generic name of North Indian temples. pillar encircled by one or more nagas, protecting the temple. round steps in front of the entrance to the temple or sanctum. bull,mount of Lord Siva. Nandika-mukha female head with breasts in the centre of small vajramastakas. Nari bandha Natamandapa Navagrahas Navaratha deula Nayikas a series of female figures. festive hall, dancing hall, usually in front of the mukhasala. planet slab on the architrave of the portal with the nine planetary representations. According to Hindu astronomy they are viz. Ravi (Sun), Soma(Moon), Mangala (Mars), Budha (Mercury), Brhaspati (Jupiter), Sukra (Venus), Sani (Saturn), Rahu (ascending node) and Ketu (descending node). side. the temple with nine projecting pagas (rathas) on each female figures in various poses and actions on the walls of temple. 351

Niladri blue mountain. Nisa niche of images. Nisa - garbhakas small shrine erected in front of the raha niche of the deula. Small shrines joined to the back and the two sides of some large rekha temples. Noli moulding with the edge like that of a semi-circle; torus. anklet. Nupura Nupura padika female fastening or removing her ankle bells. Olamba Osar Pa Pabhaga corruption of plumb-line. width. quarter; foot; shortened form of pabhaga. division corresponding to 'foot'; a set of lower most mouldings at the base of the temple. Pada foot, base of plinth or pedestal. Padma lotus of any colour except blue. Padmapatra design or moulding in form of lotus petals. Padma pidha Padmaprsta Padmasana Paga Pallava 鈫� roof-like portion curving downwords and covered with pattern of lotus petals. profile in double curve with lotus leaf designs. lotus seat; sitting posture in which the legs are crossed and the feet brought to rest on the thighs; yogasana; dhyanasana, vajraparyanka. segment; vertical projecting division of the bada and spire (gandi) of the temple, the same as ratha. lush scroll work with leaves spreading separately from one another usually without stalk, leaf ornament. temple with five projecting pagas on each side. Pancaratha -> Pancanga bada bada with five components, namely pabhaga, tala jangha, bandhana, upper jangha and baranda. Pancayatana five shrine complex with small shrines at the four corners of the compound. battle axe, one of the weapons wielded by Siva. fairy; pari kanya, figures of flying women above central image. Parasu Pari Pari-ratha fourth paga from centre in navaratha temples. 352

Parsva side. Parsva devatas Paryanka Pasa Patta Patra Patra- kundala Patra-lata Patti Pava Pheni Pheni culika Pidha Pidha deula Pidha mohana Pista Pitha Pithesvari the accessory deities connected in doctrine with the main divinity of the temple, placed in the raha niches of deula. They vary according to the religious association of the temple. A Saiva temple generally contains the images of Ganesa on the south, Kartikeya on the back and Parvati or Hara-Parvati on the north. A Vaisnava temple usually has images of Varaha, Narasimha and Trivikrama in these niches. seated pose with one leg resting on the top of the other; both soles are visible but the legs are not crossed and locked as in padmasana. noose. moulding with a square edge; the third moulding of the pabhaga from the downward. bowl circular earring. scroll work with a centre stalk and leaves branching out symmetrically. fillet; narrow plain stone band. inch. unit of measurement, one pava is used as equal to one - hood of a serpent; projecting profile curving upwards; cyma, often carved with lotus petals. - a culika made of pheni. flat wooden seat; projecting member constituting the pyramidal roof of the mukhasala, downward curving pediment, crowning element. temple with a roof made of pidhas of diminishing size. This form is generally limited to the jagamohana, bhogamandapa. a class of pidha deula having no amala, kalasa etc. The natamandapas of the temples of Lord Jagannatha, Lingaraja are pidha mohanas. base or plinth of the temple below the pabhaga, platform, pedestal (examples, padma, simha, bhadra, bedi, khura, kumbha, kurma etc.). cake. lady of the holy place. 353

Piusima sister of father. Potala Prabhavali Prakara Prasada Purna ghata Pustaka Raha Raha garbhaka Ramayana Ramagayatri Rangani Ratna Ratnasimhasana Ratha group of pidhas a halo of light; also known as prabha mandala. walled enclosure. temple in general, including vimana and mukhasala. vase of plenty or abundance; jar overflowing with foliage. book in the form of a manuscript. centre vertical projection on the deula much wider than the other pagas, the parsvadevatas are housed in its niche. The central projected pilaster of a temple. place for the vajramastaka on the front of the raha. one of the great Epics. composite animal, cow with a human face. flower ornament in small sqaure. jewel. The throne of jewells, the seat of Lord Jagannatha. paga; vertical projections on the bada and gandi of the temple; temples having three, five, seven and nine such rathas are known as triratha, pancaratha, sapta ratha, navaratha temples respectively. Ratna garbha stone yantra with holes for precious stones, which is set below the pedestal of the image for consecration. earring of gems. Ratna kundala Ratna muda - ceiling of the sanctum above the garbha muda; the block of stone with a cavity for containing the jewels or treasures belonging to a temple. Rekha Rekha deula Rekha mundi 路 Rsi Sakara line, in a diagram, or incised in stone. type of temple characterized by a curvilinear spire, which presents the appearance of a continuous line (rekha). miniature representation of a rekha temple carved as a decorative motif. When appearing on the gandi it is referred to as anga-sikharas. saint another name of lower barandi. 354 }

Sakti Salabhanjika Samabhanga Sandhi Sandhisthala Sankha 'energy', the supreme power, the creative principle; the god dess and source of existence; female counterpart to the god ; a kind of spear wielded primarily by Kartikeya. woman-tree motif; a female figure embracing a tree and kicking it with her foot to bring it to immediate flowering. to stand straight without any bend in the body. junction, jointing place. wall portion connecting the deula with the jagamohana. conch-shell, one of the emblems of Lord Visnu. Saptamatrkas the seven mother goddesses, the most popular images being Brahmi, Sivani (Mahesvari), Kaumari, Vaisnavi, Indrani, Varahi and Camunda. Other matrkas are Dantura, Sivaduti and Nrsimhi. Sapta ratha deula Sara Sardula arrow temple with seven pagas on each side. lion; a sort of ornamental representation. Sarpa-kundalaSarpa- Yajnopavita an earring resembling the coils of serpent. serpent worn as the sacred thread by Siva or Ganesa. Sikhandaka Sikhara Siksadana Silpa Sastra Silpini Simhasana Srimandira mode of coiffure with three or five locks, standard for Kartikeya. spire of the temple, gandi, also called garbhaka. motif of a guru instructing his disciples or a Raja Rani surrounded by ministers and attendants. Sanskrit manual giving general principles and rules of architecture and arts. artist, architect, artisan. seat with legs carved in the shape of lions, lion throne, attribute of royality. the Lord Jagannatha temple of Puri. pillar, column, pilaster. Sthambha Sthala or Stana any particular part or area of the building. Sthanaka standing pose. Sthapaka architect priest. Sthapati architect, sculptor. 355

Sutra Sutra dhara Svargadvara Svastika Tahia Taksaka Tala Tala Tala-bandhana measuring thread, canon of architecture. 'holder of the thread' chief architect responsible for the construction of the temple. gateway to the heaven. a mystic symbol or figure of the Hindus, Buddhists and Jainas. a massive head gear made of Indian cork. sculptor unit of measurement for images, either of face or of span. level, ground base of any architectural element; storey. string course at the base of the jangha immediately above the pabhaga. Tala-garbhika decorative motif below the central niche of the lower jangha, inserted into or over the pabhaga mouldings. Tandava nrtyaTanku Tantrikas Tilaka Torana Torana Torana bhanga Trianga bada Tri-ratha dance of Siva of a forceful and violent nature; the dance of creation and destruction. particular ornament set at the edge of mouldings or pidhas. a religious sect worshipping the Sakti or female energy or creative energy. a mark on forehead. arched gateway, portal, porch, entrance. one type of alasakanya leaning in the doorway. area of the portal. the bada having three divisions namely pabhaga, jangha and baranda. temple with three pagas on each side. trident; it is a weapon of Lord Siva lion seated on a platform appearing ready to jump; generally placed on the gandi above the vajra-mastaka design. Trisula Udyata Upana plinth of a column. Upper or Urdhva bandhana string course at the top of the jangha and below the spire. 356

Urdhva-garbhika decorative wall element above the central niche, generally designed as a vimanika. It is popular element in the 10th century AD. Urdhva linga erect phallus, a designation of Siva. Vahana Vaida Vajra Vajra-ghanta the vehicle or mount of god and goddess. doctor/physician. thunderbolt. bell with a vajra handle. Vajrahunkara mudra Vajra mastaka Vajra mundi Vana lata Vanamala Varada-mudra Vartula Vartula Varuna in this mudra, the wrists are crossed at the chest with two hands holding the vajra and the bell, both of which are turned inwards; when two symbols and the hands are turned outwards, the mudra will be called the 'Tailokya Vijaya Mudra'. prominent ornament on the raha paga of gandi, consisting of caitya medallions formed by pearls or ribbons issuing from a krtimukha or lotus design at the apex. Among the motifs incorporated into the design are lions, makaras, gandharvas, vidyadhara, mithunas, deities such as Nataraja, conch-shell, and a hanging bell. It is believed that the security of a temple depended on the strength and stability of this ornament. + miniature temple with a vajra mastaka as its crowning element carved as a decorative motif on the pagas or jambs. lush foliage with an overall design locking a stalk. garland of wood-flowers worn by Visnu. gesture of bestowing boons, the hand is lowered and the open palm is turned downwards and fingers stretched. circular plant ornament in circular form. Vastu or Vastu-bhumi the god of water; the regent of the west. site of the temple. a kind of stringed musical instrument.. flute. festive dress. temple style of Deccan. supernatural being who flies in the sky, usually holding a garland. Veena Venu Vesa Vesara Vidyadhara Vigraha image. 357

Vighra bandha a series of statues. Vidala (Sanskrit Vyala) - a rampant lion springing on a crouching elephant or a demonic warrior is called simha-vidala. It is known as naravidala when it has the head of a man and as gaja-vidala when it has the head of an elephant. Vimana Vimanika Yajna Yajnopavita Yaksa Yama Yamuna Yatra Yava Yoga patta Yoni Yoniabhiseka Yonipitha Yupa Yajna Yantra wwww the main temple small spire crowning the top of pagas, of rounded outline, which may have phenis, pidhas, kalasas, vajra mastakas. a sacrificial rite. sacred thread; also upavita. a class of demi-god associated with fertility; Yaksini is the female counterpart of Yaksa. the god of nether regions corresponding to Pluto of the European classic; a regent of southern direction. one of the river goddesses; the figures of Ganga and Yamuna are noticed in panels on both sides of the front doorway of temples. festival. measure unit, in Sanskrit texts the measure of a grain of barley. cloth tied around the legs to enable one to sit with the knees raised in a meditative posture. the female organ of generation. ritual consecration of the yoni for Tantric rites. 'female' pedestal in which the Sivalinga is inserted; pedestal shaped like the yoni. sacrificial post, kalasa in the form of a lingam for devi temples. sacrifice, ritual. instrument; symbolical diagram for worship. 358