Tree: 7 definitions
Introduction:
Tree means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)Worship of Trees formed a part of the Navar膩tra Tantric ritual (an autumnal festival of the warrior goddess Ca峁囜笉ik膩).鈥擳he sixth (峁峁ａ弓丑墨) and the seventh (蝉补辫迟补尘墨) lunar days involve awakening the goddess in a bilva tree (bodhana), worship of goddess as C膩mu峁囜笉膩 and K膩l墨 in the branch, summoning her nine radiations in nine leaves (苍补惫补辫补迟谤补辫奴箩腻/辫补迟谤颈办腻辫奴箩腻), enlivening an unfired clay image of the goddess (辫谤腻峁嘺辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻).鈥擵arious 8th century sources refer to rituals such as the worship of trees, for example: Dev墨pur膩峁嘺, K膩lik膩pur膩峁嘺, K峁泃yakalpataru, Durg膩bhaktitara峁単i峁嚹�, Durg膩p奴j膩tattva, Durg膩p奴j膩viveka, Bhadrak膩l墨mantravidhiprakara峁嘺 in Sanderson (2007); account of the Durg膩 P奴j膩 in Kelomal, West Bengal (Nicholas 2013).
Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)Trees (as found in nature) were commonly seen as a source of materials for Garments and Ornaments (in Indian Dramas), as conveyed through the 础濒补峁僰腻谤补 division of 膧丑腻谤测腻产丑颈苍补测补: one of the four divisions of Abhinaya or 鈥渨ays to convey or represent one鈥檚 emotion to others鈥�, according to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擨n the Sanskrit dramas ornaments like ear-rings, bracelets, head-gears etc. are seen to be collected from nature. This is informed in many of the Sanskrit dramas. In the Abhij帽膩na艣akuntala, as for example, 艢akuntal膩 is seen to wear flowers, leaves etc. as her ornaments. She is also seen to remain dependant upon nature for her garments. She was wearing the skin of tree as her daily garment. Her clothes were supplied by trees.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Shilpashastra (iconography)
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)Trees refers to class of natural objects and phenomenon which follows specific guidelines in the tradition of ancient Indian Painting (citra), according to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擳he Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺 bears an elaborate description on the process of making the picture of some natural objects and phenomenon, e.g., Trees. Accordingly, the picture of mountain should be adorned with plenty of rocks, peaks, metals, trees, streams and snakes. The picture of forest is filled with trees, birds and wild beast. The picture of Vasanta i.e., the spring season should contain the trees which bloom in this season particularly, [...]. The picture of Var峁Ｄ� i.e., the rainy season which is also known as monsoon period should be portrayed with the picture of birds hiding in the trees to get rid of rain, [...]. Thus, the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺 addresses various elements of nature, such as a Tree, since painting has much connection with time, mood and activity.
Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
India history and geography
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram (history)Trees, forests and groves close to human settlements have been venerated throughout the subcontinent up to the present day as the abodes of deities and a range of supernatural beings. References to these beings, of which the most well known type is the Yak峁 and his mate the Yak峁峁嚹�, are common in early Buddhist and Jain literature. They are well known to art historians also. The Barhut St奴pa and other early Buddhist monuments abound with their images. The earliest standing statue carved in the round so far recovered is the famous P膩rkham鈥檚 Yak峁 preserved in the museum at Mathura. It was probably made in the third century BCE and may well have stood under a tree.
Note: A distinction may have to be made not only between the concept of the tree itself as divine and the spirit supposed to be residing in it, but also, with respect to the latter, amongst the spirits of the trees in general, of particular trees close to habitation areas, of trees in a grove or forest, and of the spirits of groves and forests as a whole.鈥�(Cf. Tiwari, 1985:21)
: Suomen Antropologi: Sacred Trees among the Tamil people of South IndiaTrees and Groves (in ancient India) were worshiped for their auspiciousness and the numerous benefits derived from them in the form of food, fodder, medicine and firewood.鈥擳he shrines of the guardian deities are commonly situated at the entrance of a village. At the core of a shrine there is usually a sacred tree, most often an indigenous species such as a Bodhi (Ficus religiosa), a Banyan (Ficus benghalensis), or a Neem (Azadirachta indica). If the village guardian is male, an image made of stone or clay resides under the tree, sheltered by stone walls and a roof.
There is a particular pattern that gives a Tree the status of sanctity. First, a deity that has chosen a certain tree as his/her residence contacts a villager (male or female), who is generally known for his/her purity and spiritual sensitivity. [...] The narrative connected to the history of a sacred tree and the founding of the shrine or temple is repeated over generations among the villagers. In the process of succession, old trees or patches of forests degrade naturally and the new growth inherits their sanctity: the older a sacred tree or grove, the stronger the accumulation of prayers and rites, even if the original trees have been naturally replaced by new growth several times. With the age the sanctity increases correspondingly.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+21): Tree alfalfa, Tree aloe, Tree aralia, Tree bean, Tree calabash, Tree celandine, Tree cotoneaster, Tree cotton, Tree cotton of india, Tree cranberry, Tree crinum, Tree dracaena, Tree euphorbia, Tree fern, Tree fuchsia, Tree gousiekte, Tree grape, Tree heath, Tree heliotrope, Tree hibiscus.
Full-text (+16650): Ashvattha, Vriksha, Vada, Shala, Palasha, Kadamba, Taru, Vakula, Shimshapa, Bilva, Khadira, Udumbara, Amra, Jambu, Candana, Ashoka, Madhuka, Nimba, Druma, Campaka.
Relevant text
Search found 617 books and stories containing Tree, The tree, Trees; (plurals include: Trees, The trees, Treeses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Chapter 59 - On entry into the forest (vanasamprave艣a or vanaprave艣a)
Chapter 55 - On Gardening (v峁沰峁Ｄ亂urveda)
Vrikshayurveda (and environmental philosophy) (by Beenapani Mishra)
3. Philosophy behind the planting of Trees near the Abode < [Chapter 7 - Environmental Philosophy]
3. Religious Importance of Planting Trees in Puranas < [Chapter 5 - Religious Significance of Plantation and Rearing of Trees]
5. Attitude towards the Trees and Plants < [Chapter 7 - Environmental Philosophy]
Vastu-shastra (Introduction to Indian architecture) (by D. N. Shukla)
Chapter 6 - The Construction of the 艢膩l膩s < [Volume 3 - House Architecture]
Chapter 3 - Origin and Development of Human Houses < [Volume 3 - House Architecture]
Beautification (b): Gardens, etc. < [Chapter 6 - Deification and Beautification of Towns]
Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas (by Ven. Mingun Sayadaw)
Discourse on Rukkhadhamma J膩taka < [Chapter 22 - Founding of Vesali]
Part 2 - The Prince鈥檚 attainment of the First 膧n膩p膩na Jh膩na < [Chapter 2 - The Performance of the Ploughing Ceremony]
Part 2 - The story of Aggidatta < [Chapter 21 - Story of Sumana, Aggidatta and Jambuka]
Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 28 - The rite (vidhi) of planting of trees (p膩dapa) < [Section 1 - S峁涐梗峁璱-kha峁囜笉a (section on creation)]
Chapter 58 - In Praise of Planting Trees etc. < [Section 1 - S峁涐梗峁璱-kha峁囜笉a (section on creation)]
Chapter 102 - A艣okasundar墨 is Born < [Section 2 - Bh奴mi-kha峁囜笉a (section on the earth)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by 艢r墨la R奴pa Gosv膩m墨)
Verse 3.3.123 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Verse 2.1.174 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibh膩va)]
Verse 2.4.82 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vy膩bhic膩ri-bh膩va)]
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