Free radical scavenging and GC-MS analysis of Michelia champaca flowers
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Free radical scavenging activity, tlc, hptlc and gcms analysis of dry flower of michelia champaca linn
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Malathi S. and Dr. Ravindran Rajan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Free radical scavenging activity, tlc, hptlc and gcms analysis of dry flower of michelia champaca linn
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Malathi et al. investigates the antioxidant potential of Michelia champaca, a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties. Free radicals can induce oxidative stress, contributing to various disorders in humans, and there is increasing interest in natural antioxidants derived from plants. This research highlights the free radical scavenging activities of both methanol and aqueous extracts of M. champaca flowers, employing various assays to assess their effectiveness against different free radical models. Additionally, the study provides a detailed analysis of the phytochemical constituents through techniques like TLC, HPTLC, and GC-MS, revealing the presence and potential health benefits of various active compounds.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Content
One significant aspect of the study is the comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical constituents present in M. champaca. The methanol extract was found to contain high concentrations of total phenols (272.33 mg/g) and flavonoids (109 mg/g), while the aqueous extract showed lower levels (165.33 mg/g phenols and 101.33 mg/g flavonoids). Such constituents are known for their potent antioxidant properties and their role in scavenging free radicals. TLC and HPTLC analyses identified multiple bioactive compounds, providing a fingerprint of the plant's chemistry and confirming the presence of important phytochemicals that contribute to its antioxidant efficacy.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity
The free radical scavenging assays performed using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide anion models demonstrated that the methanol extract of M. champaca exhibited a notably higher scavenging activity compared to the aqueous extract. The IC50 values for the methanol extract were measured at 270.80 碌g/mL for DPPH, 282.74 碌g/mL for nitric oxide, and 269.62 碌g/mL for superoxide anion, indicating its robust capability in neutralizing free radicals. In contrast, the aqueous extract showed higher IC50 values, reflecting its comparatively lower antioxidant potential. The presence of phenols and flavonoids in these extracts suggests a direct relationship between phytochemical content and antioxidant activity.
GC-MS Analysis and Bioactive Compounds
The GC-MS analysis revealed twelve significant phytochemical compounds in the methanol extract, with Carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide identified as the predominant constituent, constituting 35.88% of the total peak area. Other components include Fusaric acid, Azelaic acid, and Kaempferol, among others, each associated with various health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This highlights the complexity of the plant's chemistry and suggests that the observed bioactivity could stem from the synergistic effects of multiple compounds rather than a singular active agent. The identification of these bioactive components underlines the ethnobotanical significance of M. champaca and its potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings of Malathi et al. underscore the significant antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca through both methanol and aqueous extracts, confirming its potential as a natural source of free radical scavengers. The study effectively links the chemical composition of the extracts to their biological activities, showcasing how phenolic and flavonoid contents correlate with antioxidant efficacy. The comprehensive analysis utilizing TLC, HPTLC, and GC-MS not only elucidates the chemical profile of the plant but also emphasizes the need for further research to explore its pharmacological applications. Future investigations into the toxicity and efficacy of these extracts could pave the way for their use in herbal medicine and drug development.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of free radicals in human health?
Free radicals contribute to over one hundred disorders, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and various diseases. They play roles in cell metabolism but can also cause harm by initiating lipid peroxidation and mutations.
How were the antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca evaluated?
Antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide assays, determining IC50 values for both the methanol and aqueous extracts, with methanol showing greater scavenging activity.
What phytochemicals were identified in Michelia champaca?
The study identified various phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids through TLC, HPTLC, and GC-MS analysis, confirming the plant's potential antioxidant activity.
What were the extraction yields for the methanol and aqueous extracts?
The methanol extract yielded 30% while the aqueous extract yielded approximately 26.8% from the initial dry plant sample, indicating efficient extraction of phytochemicals.
What compounds were found predominant in the GC-MS analysis?
The GC-MS analysis identified twelve compounds, with Carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide being the major component at 35.88%, along with other notable compounds like fusaric acid and azelaic acid.
Why is Michelia champaca considered a valuable medicinal plant?
Michelia champaca contains numerous phytochemicals with antioxidant and therapeutic properties, showing promise in treating oxidative stress-related conditions and various diseases, supporting its traditional uses.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淔ree radical scavenging and GC-MS analysis of Michelia champaca flowers鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional capabilities of substances, particularly their ability to scavenge free radicals in the context of antioxidants. In the study, the free radical scavenging activity of Michelia champaca extracts plays a crucial role in evaluating its potential health benefits and therapeutic efficacy against oxidative stress-related disorders.
2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties. The study highlights their presence in Michelia champaca, indicating potential health benefits such as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are critical in the prevention of various diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
3) Malati (M膩lat墨, M膩lati, Mala峁璱):
Malathi represents the lead author of the study, indicating the human expertise involved in researching Michelia champaca. The individual's experience and contributions are essential for lending credibility and authority to the findings presented in the research, fostering the advancement of knowledge in herbal medicine.
4) Michelia champaca:
Michelia champaca, also known as champaca, is a medicinal plant studied for its antioxidant and potential therapeutic effects. The flower's phytochemical components provide a basis for its traditional uses in Ayurveda, showcasing its utility in contemporary medicine, particularly for oxidative stress-related ailments.
5) Table:
Tables serve as a means of systematically organizing and presenting data in the study, allowing for easy comparison of results. Specifically, tables summarize findings related to extraction yields, antioxidant capacities, and phytochemical contents, which are pivotal in drawing conclusions about Michelia champaca's medicinal properties.
6) Disease:
Disease refers to any disorder involving a specific pathophysiological reaction to internal or external factors. The study emphasizes the potential of Michelia champaca's antioxidant properties in combating diseases related to oxidative stress, including cancer and cardiovascular conditions, underscoring its significance in addressing health issues.
7) Study (Studying):
The study denotes a systematic investigation that aims to assess the medicinal properties of Michelia champaca. It provides a scientific framework for exploring its antioxidant activity, phytochemical composition, and potential therapeutic applications, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge in herbal medicine.
8) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that have various health benefits. In this study, the phytochemicals identified in Michelia champaca are associated with its antioxidant properties, reinforcing the plant's traditional uses in medicine and its potential to support health and wellness.
9) Species:
Species classification is essential in contextually identifying the plant studied. Michelia champaca is categorized within the Magnoliaceae family, and understanding its taxonomic identity is crucial for appreciating its biological characteristics, ecological roles, and therapeutic applications as highlighted in the research.
10) Drug:
The term drug refers to any substance used for medicinal purposes, particularly for treating diseases. The study explores the potential of Michelia champaca extracts as herbal drugs, indicating their possible incorporation into modern pharmacotherapy due to their bioactive constituents and health benefits.
11) Cancer:
Cancer is a critical health issue characterized by abnormal cell growth. The study suggests that the antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca may protect cells from oxidative damage, potentially reducing cancer risk. Understanding its mechanisms may inform future cancer prevention strategies.
12) Water:
In the context of the study, water is used as a solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from Michelia champaca. The aqueous extract showcases the plant's phytochemical profile, demonstrating the importance of solvent choice in optimizing extraction efficiency and assessing the plant's medicinal properties.
13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This research investigates the pharmacological potential of Michelia champaca, aiming to establish a connection between its traditional uses and scientifically validated therapeutic effects, particularly in managing oxidative stress.
14) Knowledge:
Knowledge in scientific research is essential for understanding the mechanisms behind medicinal properties. This study advances knowledge regarding the antioxidant capabilities of Michelia champaca, emphasizing the importance of traditional herbal practices in modern scientific inquiry and potential therapeutic applications.
15) Substance:
Substance refers to the specific chemical components, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, present in Michelia champaca. Understanding these substances is vital for delineating their roles in contributing to the plant's antioxidant and health-promoting properties, as discussed in the study.
16) Toxicity:
Toxicity pertains to the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. The study indicates the need for further evaluation of the toxicity of Michelia champaca extracts to ensure safety when used in herbal remedies, particularly concerning dosage and long-term exposure.
17) Medicine:
Medicine denotes the science and practice of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The study explores Michelia champaca as a subject of interest in the field of medicine, particularly in herbal formulations, highlighting its potential therapeutic uses and relevance in modern healthcare.
18) Chennai:
Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, India, is where Michelia champaca flowers were collected for the study. The location emphasizes the local biodiversity and traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants, serving as a key context for the research on indigenous species.
19) Indian:
Indian refers to the geographic and cultural context from which Michelia champaca originates. The study underscores the significance of Indian traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda, in utilizing local flora for therapeutic purposes, promoting a deeper understanding of the plant's cultural relevance.
20) Madra (Madr膩):
Madra, likely a typographical error for Madras (now Chennai), represents the regional context for the study. The cultural and ecological conditions in this area provide a unique environment for growing medicinal plants like Michelia champaca, influencing its availability and usage in traditional healing practices.
21) India:
India is the country of origin for Michelia champaca. The diverse flora of India, along with its rich heritage of traditional medicine, highlights the importance of investigating local plants for potential health benefits, contributing to global knowledge on herbal treatments.
22) Death:
Death refers to the cessation of biological functions. The study aims to address health issues that can lead to premature death, such as oxidative stress-related diseases. By exploring the antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca, the research aspires to contribute to longevity and improved health outcomes.
23) Human body:
The human body is the biological entity that the study focuses on regarding health effects. Understanding how substances from Michelia champaca interact within the human body is crucial for validating its potential medicinal roles, especially in combating oxidative stress and related diseases.
24) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the ability to combat bacterial infections. The study indirectly hints at the potential antibacterial properties of Michelia champaca, suggesting that its phytochemical constituents may contribute to antimicrobial effectiveness, thereby enhancing its value in traditional and modern medicine.
25) Performance:
Performance in the context of this study refers to the efficacy of Michelia champaca extracts in demonstrating free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity. Evaluation of performance is essential for establishing the plant's therapeutic value and relevance in clinical settings.
26) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamiln膩岣島):
Tamil-nadu is the Indian state from which Michelia champaca originates. The region is characterized by its rich biodiversity and traditional practices involving herbal medicine, which provide a biocultural context for the study and support the importance of local plants in health care.
27) Resolving:
Resolving refers to the process of finding solutions to problems or questions. In this study, resolving involves identifying the active compounds in Michelia champaca and their effects, thus contributing to a clear understanding of its potential medicinal applications.
28) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard and efficacy of medicinal properties found in substances. The study emphasizes the quality of the extracts from Michelia champaca, ensuring that they deliver significant health benefits, thereby contributing to reliable herbal medicine practices.
29) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the methods and principles grounded in empirical research and knowledge. The study exemplifies scientific inquiry into Michelia champaca, laying the groundwork for validating traditional uses with objective data in the realm of herbal medicine.
30) Animal:
Animal in the study denotes possible models for future research on the effects of Michelia champaca. Understanding how extracts perform in animal studies can provide insights into their therapeutic potential and safety in human applications, forming a basis for pharmacological development.
31) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which dried and ground samples of Michelia champaca were prepared for analysis. The powdered form ensures effective extraction of bioactive compounds, facilitating the evaluation of antioxidant properties and other medicinal aspects relevant to health.
32) Rajan (R膩jan, R膩ja峁�):
Rajan, likely Dr. Ravindran Rajan, represents the co-author of the study. His involvement is crucial for the credibility and expertise in conducting research on Michelia champaca, contributing to the scientific merit of the findings discussed in the paper.
33) Tamil (Tami岣�):
Tamil refers to the language and culture associated with the Tamil Nadu region in India. The importance of the Tamil culture is reflected in the traditional uses and practices involving plants like Michelia champaca within local healing systems.
34) Nadu (N膩岣島):
Nadu is part of the term Tamil Nadu, indicating the regional context of this study. Understanding the socio-economic and environmental characteristics of Tamil Nadu enriches the discussion of Michelia champaca's significance and use in traditional herbal medicine in the region.
35) Genu (Ge峁噓):
Genu likely refers to 'genus,' indicating the classification of Michelia champaca within the broader taxonomic system. Accurate classification is vital for understanding the plant's characteristics and its relationship to other species, enhancing knowledge in botany and herbal medicine.
36) Food:
Food pertains to substances consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. The study connects the phytochemicals present in Michelia champaca to their potential dietary benefits, highlighting the importance of incorporating such plants into functional foods and herbal dietary supplements.
37) Rich (峁歝h):
Rich describes the abundance of bioactive compounds within Michelia champaca that contributes to its antioxidant properties. The richness of these components underscores the plant's significance in herbal medicine, highlighting its potential for treating oxidative stress-related conditions.
38) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of advancing knowledge and understanding in herbal medicine through scientific research. The study on Michelia champaca signifies the wider effort in developing evidence-based practices within traditional medicine frameworks, integrating modern science with age-old healing traditions.
39) Container:
Container refers to the airtight storage for powdered samples of Michelia champaca to maintain their integrity prior to analysis. Proper storage is crucial for preserving the chemical properties of plant materials, ensuring reliability in experimental results and findings.
40) Composite:
Composite refers to the mixture of various phytochemicals found in Michelia champaca. Understanding the composite nature of the plant's bioactive constituents is vital for comprehending their collective health benefits and enhances the therapeutic applications derived from the extracts.
41) Mutation:
Mutation relates to changes in genetic material that can lead to various diseases, including cancer. The study鈥檚 focus on the antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca highlights its potential in mitigating oxidative damage, which is linked to the mutation process and cancer development.
42) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparison among different substances or entities. In this study, understanding the relative efficacy of Michelia champaca extracts against free radicals is essential for evaluating their potential as effective antioxidants in therapeutic applications.
43) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. The study indicates the presence of active compounds such as carbamazepine in Michelia champaca, which could lend support for its use in managing conditions like epilepsy, promoting further investigation into its therapeutic potential.
44) Lakshmi (Lak峁墨):
Lakshmi may refer to Dr. Lakshmi Sundaram, who contributed suggestions for the TLC and HPTLC analyses in the study. Her expertise plays a supportive role in enhancing the robustness of the research conducted on Michelia champaca.
45) Siddha (Siddh膩):
Siddha is an ancient system of medicine practiced in Tamil Nadu, emphasizing herbal treatments. The study of Michelia champaca aligns with Siddha's tradition of utilizing local flora for health benefits, reflecting an integration of cultural practices into scientific exploration.
46) Family:
Family in botanical terms refers to a group of related plants. Michelia champaca belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, and understanding its family characteristics helps delineate its properties and relationships to other medicinal plants, contributing to taxonomic knowledge.
47) Bitter:
Bitter is a flavor profile often associated with certain medicinal plants known for their health benefits. The presence of bitter compounds in Michelia champaca may contribute to its traditional medicinal uses, encouraging further research into their therapeutic effects.
48) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent qualities and characteristics of a plant. The study seeks to elucidate the natural properties of Michelia champaca manifested through its antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents, relevant to its traditional uses in medicine.
49) Reason:
Reason in the context of this study pertains to the scientific justification for exploring Michelia champaca's medicinal properties. The reason emphasizes the need for empirical research to support the plant's traditional uses and assess its therapeutic potential.
50) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants. This study on Michelia champaca contributes to botany by documenting its phytochemical constituents and potential health benefits, reinforcing the importance of plants in ecological and pharmaceutical research.
51) Champa (Champ膩):
Champa refers to the common name for Michelia champaca. Understanding its nomenclature is essential for localization and identification, as well as for acknowledging the cultural significance attached to the plant in traditional practices within the region.
52) Linen:
Linen, typically recognized as a material derived from flax, is not directly related to the study. However, if implied, it could refer metaphorically to the context of traditional practices surrounding herbs that require linen cloths for preparation or presentation in ritualistic settings.
53) Blood:
Blood pertains to the bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to cells while transporting waste products away. The study suggests that the antioxidant properties of Michelia champaca could influence blood health positively, possibly by reducing oxidative stress linked to various blood-related disorders.
54) Shiva (艢iv膩, Siv膩, 艢iva, Siva, S墨va):
Siva may refer to Dr. Siva Raj, who contributed to the research analysis of the study. His expertise highlights the collaborative efforts involved in the study, supporting the comprehensive exploration of Michelia champaca's medicinal properties.
55) Tree:
Tree denotes the botanical classification of Michelia champaca, highlighting its growth form and ecological role. Understanding the tree structure of this plant facilitates discussions on its habitat, environmental significance, and contribution to biodiversity within its native region.
56) Pain (Pai峁�):
Pain represents a significant health concern that can be alleviated by various modalities, including herbal medicine. The study touches upon the traditional uses of Michelia champaca, with compounds that may offer analgesic effects, supporting its exploration in treating pain-related conditions.
57) Hand:
Hand could refer to the application of herbal treatments where remedies are prepared or administered manually. The relevance reinforces the importance of hands-on approaches in traditional medicine, emphasizing the methodical preparation of extracts from plants like Michelia champaca.
58) Salt (Salty):
Salt typically refers to sodium chloride, essential for human health but not directly discussed in relation to Michelia champaca. However, the study may acknowledge the nuanced uses of various substances, including salt, in conjunction with herbal remedies in traditional practices.
59) Post:
Post signifies after or subsequent to an event. In the framework of the study, post may refer to future research directions following the findings on Michelia champaca. It underscores the continued exploration and validation of its medicinal properties after this initial investigation.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: 鈥�Free radical scavenging and GC-MS analysis of Michelia champaca flowers鈥�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Medicinal properties, Natural product, Alzheimer's disease, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activities, High performance thin layer chromatography, Phytochemical screening, Herbal formulation, Thin Layer Chromatography, Phytochemical analysis, Neuroprotective activity, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Antihypertensive effect, Cognitive dysfunction, Beta carotene, Antimicrobial activity, Anticancer activity, Cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular disease, Antidiabetic activity, Free radical scavenging activity, Chromatographic fingerprinting, Aqueous extract, Secondary metabolite, Total phenolic content, Mass spectrometry, Analytical grade, Antidepressant effect, DPPH scavenging assay, High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Voucher specimen, Rf value, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), IC50 value, Total flavonoid content, Antioxidant potential, DPPH free radical, Cardio-protective activity, Active constituent, Methanol extract, Phytomedicine, Tannin, Total antioxidant capacity, Neuroprotective effect, Total flavonoids content, Biological activities, Soxhlet Apparatus, Anti-proliferative activity, Chemical constituent, Free Radical, GC-MS analysis, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometer, Vitamin E, Folin-ciocalteu reagent method, Quorum sensing, Anti diabetic effect, Natural antioxidant, Extraction procedure, Local market, H2 receptor antagonist, Primary metabolite, Bioactive component, Volatile matter, Collection and Identification, Inverse correlation, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Antioxidant compound, Phytoconstituent, Medicinal effect, Antioxidant capacities, Aqueous and methanolic extract.