The Svarita accent according to 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� [Part 4b]

Some Important Shiksha Vedangas (study)

by Mala Laha | 2021 | 31,647 words

This page relates 鈥楽varita accent according to Varnaratnapradipika Shiksha鈥� of the study dealing with Shiksha Vedangas鈥攁 crucial component of Vedic literature focusing on phonetics and pronunciation in ancient texts. The researched texts include the Paniniya, Yajnavalkya and Naradi Shiksas, among others. The study also investigates historical phonological transformations between Sanskrit and Pali, exploring the evolution of sounds and pronunciation.

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Part 4b - The Svarita accent according to 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�

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The 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� also admitted that the Svarita (circumflex) accent has eight varieties like鈥�

The 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� is closely connected with the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ� and the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� regarding the classification of svarita accent. Although the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ� and the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� discussed eight types of circumflex accent but the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� mentioned only seven types of circumflex accent^[2]. Both the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ� and the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� mentioned 鈥�迟补迟丑腻产丑腻惫测补鈥� as another type of svarita accent.

闯腻迟测补鈥�

According to 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� a circumflex with follows a conjunction of consonants ending with 鈥�y鈥� or 鈥�v鈥� and preceded by an unaccented vowel or which has no predecessor, is called 鈥�箩腻迟测补鈥� circumflex鈥�

啶忇啶う啷� 啶ㄠた啶啶班啶掂じ啷嵿い啷� 啶膏く啶掂 啶溹ぞ啶む啶� 啶囙し啷嵿く啶む啷�
啶呧お啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啷嵿さ啷嬥そ啶た啶ぐ啶膏啶むう啷嵿さ啶︵啶оぞ啶ㄠ啶 啶曕え啷嵿く啶� 啶膏啶掂ぐ啶苦い啷嵿く啶た啷モ€�
ekapade nip奴rvastu sayavo 箩腻迟测补 i峁ate|
ap奴rvvo'pi parastadvaddh膩nya峁� kany膩 svarityapi||鈥�

(痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 59)

The 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�^[3] and the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�^[4] also discussed the 鈥�箩腻迟测补鈥� circumflex on the same way.

Abhinihita

According to 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, when an 补苍耻诲腻迟迟补 鈥渁鈥� is absorbed by a preceding final 耻诲腻迟迟补 or 耻诲腻迟迟补 鈥渙鈥� the resulting circumflex is 鈥�abhinihita鈥浓赌�

啶忇 啶嗋き啷嵿く啶距ぎ啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い啶距き啷嵿く啶距ぎ啶曕ぞ啶班 啶ㄠ啶� 啶忇さ啶氞イ
啶侧啶啶い啷� 啶膏え啷嵿ぇ啶苦啶距ぐ啷嵿く啷� 啶い啷嵿ぐ啶氞ぞ啶た啶灌た啶む 啶掂た啶︵啶冟ゥ
eo 膩bhy膩mud膩tt膩bhy膩mak膩ro n墨ca eva ca|
lupyate sandhik膩rye yatra c膩bhihita峁� vidu岣|

(痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 60)

The 鈥�abhinihita鈥� circumflex is also clarified by the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ� 14 and the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�^[5] in the same way.

碍峁颈辫谤补

When 耻诲腻迟迟补 鈥�i鈥�, 鈥�u鈥� becomes respectively 鈥榶鈥�, 鈥榲鈥� before a following dissimilar 补苍耻诲腻迟迟补 vowel, the resulting circumflex is 办峁颈辫谤补鈥�

啶囙啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶距さ啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い啷� 啶氞啶傕う啶ㄠ啶︵ぞ啶む啶むじ啷嵿さ啶班啶︵く啷屶イ
啶さ啶距き啷嵿く啶距 啶氞啶� 啶膏啶啶曕啶む 啶むう啶� 啶曕啶粪啶啶班 啶膏啶掂ぐ啷� 啶さ啷囙い啷嵿ゥ
iuvar峁嚹乿耻诲腻迟迟补u ce峁僤补苍耻诲腻迟迟补svarodayau|
yav膩bhy膩峁� caiva sa峁儁uktau tad膩办峁颈辫谤补岣� svaro bhavet||

(痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 61)

笔谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补

A svarita accent which is arises from the fusion of two short 鈥�i鈥� is called 鈥�辫谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补鈥�. It arises from the sandhi^[6] for example suci+ iva+abhi+indhat膩= suc墨v膩bh墨ndhat膩

罢补颈谤补惫测补峁僯补苍补

罢补颈谤补惫测补峁僯补苍补 is another type of circumflex which is mentioned by the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�.

According to this 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� when the circumflexed syllable is separated from the acute by one or more vowels and consonants is called 迟补颈谤补惫测补峁僯补苍补鈥�

啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い啶啶班啶掂 啶い啷嵿ぐ啶膏啶ぞ啶ㄠ啶ㄠ啶氞 啶掂啶啷嵿啶ㄠじ啶傕く啷佮い啶冟イ
啶� 啶む啶班啶掂啶啷嵿啶� 啶囙い啶� 啶膏啶掂ぐ啷� 啶さ啶むた啶むう啷嵿く啶ム啷�
耻诲腻迟迟补p奴rvo yatra sy膩nn墨co vya帽jana蝉补峁儁耻迟补岣
sa tairovya帽jana iti svaro bhavati tadyath||

(痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 64)

For example 颈岣峞+谤补苍迟别+丑补惫测别+办腻尘测别+肠补苍诲谤别=颈岣峞谤补苍迟别丑补惫测别办腻尘测别肠补苍诲谤别

罢颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补

The 迟颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补 in one type of circumflex which is only occurs in the 辫补诲补辫腻峁环补 text. According to 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� when the acute is parted from its enclitic circumflex not only by the consonants but also by the avagraha or pause is called 迟颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补岣� circumflex^[7].

笔腻诲补惫峁泃迟补

笔腻诲补惫峁泃迟补 is another type of circumflex which arises in the place of a hiatus (viccheda). According to the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� the example of 辫腻诲补惫峁泃迟补 is 鈥�办腻墨尘补谤别鈥�18.罢丑别 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�^[8] and the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�^[9] have also mentioned the same definition of the 艢颈办峁Ｄ� 辫腻诲补惫峁泃迟补 accent.

罢补迟丑腻产丑腻惫测补

A svarita accent which is located in the between of two acute is called 迟补迟丑腻产丑腻惫测补鈥�

啶夃う啶距い啷嵿い啶距う啶苦ぐ啷佮う啶距い啷嵿い啶距え啷嵿い啷� 啶ㄠ啶氞啶洁さ啶椸啶班す啶忇さ啶氞イ
啶むぞ啶ムぞ啶ぞ啶掂啶 啶さ啷囙い啷嵿啶啶じ啷嵿い啶ㄠ啶ㄠお啶距い啷嵿ぐ啷� 啶ㄠた啶︵ぐ啷嵿ざ啶ㄠぎ啷嵿ゥ
ud膩tt膩dirud膩tt膩nto n墨co'vagraha eva ca|
t膩th膩bh膩vyo bhavetkampastan奴nap膩tre nidar艣anam||

(痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 68)

On the basis of the above discussion it is clear that the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�, the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� and the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� are closely connected with each other in the point of the svarita accent. Although according to the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ� and the 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� the numbers of svarita accent are eight^[10] but the 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� mentioned only seven types of the svarita accent. The 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� does not mention the 迟补迟丑腻产丑腻惫测补 svarita accent. By the comparative study of the different svarita accent of the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� and 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, it is observed that these three 艢颈办峁Ｄ� are mentioned same types of characteristic features of every svarita accent. This survey can be represented with the help of Table 18.

Table: 18 Definition of the Svarita Accent According to 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� and 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�

*Name of the Svarita* Accent**	*Definition According to 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�,* **狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ� and 痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�**
*闯腻迟测补*	n墨cap峁況va岣� sayak膩ravak膩ro v膩箩腻迟测补岣� svarito bhavati\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.10) 蝉补测补办腻谤补峁� 蝉补惫补峁� 惫腻辫测补办峁谤补峁� 蝉惫补谤颈迟补峁� bhavet\| na cod膩tta峁� purastasya 箩腻迟测补岣� 蝉惫腻谤补岣� sa ucyate\|\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/1) ekapade nip奴rvastu sayavo 箩腻迟测补茂峁ate\| ap奴rvvo'pi parastadvaddh膩nya峁� kany膩 svarityapi\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 59)
*Abhinihita*	eo 膩bhy膩mud膩tt膩bhy膩mak膩ro riphita艣ca ya岣 ak膩ro lupyate yatra ta峁� c膩bhihita峁� vidu岣\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.10) eo 膩bhy膩mud膩tt膩bhy膩mak膩ro nihata艣ca ya岣 ak膩ra峁� yatra lumpanti tamabhinihita峁� vidu岣\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/3) eo 膩bhy膩mud膩tt膩bhy膩mak膩ro n墨ca eva ca\| lupyate sandhik膩rye yatra c膩bhihita峁� vidu岣\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 60)
*碍峁颈辫谤补*	iuvar峁嘺u yadod膩tt膩v膩padyete yavau kvacit\| anud膩tte pare 苍颈迟测补峁� vidy膩t 办峁颈辫谤补sya lak峁峁嘺m\|\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.10) iuvar峁噊 yadod膩tt膩v膩padyete yavau kvacit\| anud膩tte pratyaye pare 苍颈迟测补峁� vidy膩t 办峁颈辫谤补sya lak峁峁嘺m\|\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/2) iuvar峁嚹乿耻诲腻迟迟补u ced补苍耻诲腻迟迟补svarodayau\| yav膩bhy膩峁� caiva sa峁儁uktau tad膩办峁颈辫谤补岣� svaro bhavet\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 61)
*笔谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补*	ik膩ro d峁浥泍ate yatra 颈办腻谤别峁嘺蝉补峁儁耻迟补岣�\| 耻诲腻迟迟补艣c膩nud膩ttena pra艣li峁ａ弓o bhavati svara岣\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p. 11) ik膩ra峁� yatra pa艣yeyur颈办腻谤别峁嘺iva sa峁儁utam\| 耻诲腻迟迟补manud膩ttena 辫谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补峁� ta峁� nivodhata\|\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/6) ucca岣� p奴rvva岣� paro n墨ca ik膩ro'nyo'nyasa峁単ata岣 辫谤补艣濒颈峁ａ弓补岣� sasvaro j帽eya岣� suc墨v膩bh墨ndhat膩yyath膩\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 63)
*罢补颈谤补惫测补峁僯补苍补*	耻诲腻迟迟补p奴rva岣� svarito vya帽janena yuto yadi\| 别峁 sarvo bahusv膩rastairovya帽jana ucyate\|\|(驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补艢颈办峁Ｄ�,82) 耻诲腻迟迟补 p奴rva峁� yatkicicchandasi 蝉惫补谤颈迟补峁� bhavet\|
	别峁 sarva bahusv膩ras迟补颈谤补惫测补峁僯补苍补 ucyate\|\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/4) 耻诲腻迟迟补p奴rvo yatra sy膩nn墨co vya帽jana蝉补峁儁耻迟补岣 sa tairovya帽jana iti svaro bhavati tadyath膩\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 64)
*罢颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补*	avagrah膩t paro yastu 蝉惫补谤颈迟补岣� 蝉测腻诲补苍补苍迟补谤补岣 tairovir膩ma峁� ta峁� vvidy膩dud膩tto yadyavagraha岣\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩rah, p.12) avagrah膩tpara峁� yatra 蝉惫补谤颈迟补峁� sy膩danantaram\| 迟颈谤辞惫颈谤腻尘补峁� ta峁� vidy膩dud膩tto yadyavagraha岣\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�,2/1/5) ud膩tt膩vagraho yatra sa tu tairovir膩maka岣 (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ� 65)
*笔腻诲补惫峁泃迟补*	svarayorantare k膩le viv峁況ttird峁浥泍ate yadi\| 蝉补岣� 蝉惫腻谤补岣� 辫腻诲补惫峁泃迟补岣� sy膩t k膩'墨miti nidar艣anam\|\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.13) svare cet 蝉惫补谤颈迟补峁� yatra viv峁泃膩 yatra sa峁僪it膩\| etat p膩d膩ntav峁泃tasya lak峁峁嘺峁� 艣膩stracoditam\|\| (狈腻谤补诲墨艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 2/1/7) svarayorantare yatra viv峁泃tiryyadi d峁浥泍ate\| sa 辫腻诲补惫峁泃迟补 ity膩khya岣� 办腻墨尘补谤别 nidar艣anam\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 67)
*罢补迟丑腻产丑腻惫测补*	ud膩tt膩k峁rayormabhye bhavenn墨castvavagraha岣 tath膩bh膩vyo bhavetsv膩rastan奴naptre nidar艣anasm\|\| (艢颈办峁Ｄ乻a峁僩raha, p.13) ud膩tt膩dirud膩tt膩nto n墨co'vagraha eva ca\| tath膩bh膩vyo bhavetkampastan奴nap膩tre nidar艣anam\|\| (痴补谤峁嘺谤补迟苍补辫谤补诲墨辫颈办腻艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 68)