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Political history of Kashmir (from A.D. 600鈥�1200)

by Krishna Swaroop Saxena | 1971 | 113,649 words

Summary: This essay studies the political History Of Kashmir (from A.d. 600鈥�1200) by reviewing historical periods and analyzing sources like Kalhana's Rajatarangini. The period of the present study saw the rise and decline of dynasties such as the Karkotas, Utpalas, and Loharas, highlighting notable rulers such as Lalitaditya and Jayapida. This period marks significant events, including campaigns and alliances against threats like the Arabs and Tibetans.

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Acknowledgements

List of Maps and Plates

+ Section 1 - Geography and Early history of Kashmir

+ Chapter 1 - Physiographical features and the ancient boundaries of Kashmir

. Part 1 - Nature of the Kashmir valley

. Part 2 - Presence of a Vast Lake at the Kashmir Valley

. Part 3 - The Karewas feature of the Kashmir valley

. Part 4 - Variety of the Valley

. Part 5 - Political Topography of Kashmir

+ Chapter 2 - Early historical gleanings

. Part 1 - Introduction to the traditional history of Kashmir

. Part 2 - The story of Jalauka (in Kashmir)

. Part 3 - The story of Damodara (in Kashmir)

. Part 4 - The history of the Kushanas and Kashmir

. Part 5 - The history of Abhimanyu in Kashmir

. Part 6 - The history of Huna Rule in Kashmir

. Part 7 - The history of Local Dynasties in Kashmir

+ Section 2 - Kashmir under the Karkotas

+ Chapter 3 - The Karkotas

. Part 1 - Introduction and the name of Karkota

. Part 2 - Origin and the First Karkota Ruler

. Part 3 - The history of Durlabhavardhana and Harshavardhana

. Part 4 - The history of Durlabhaka (the younger Durlabha)

. Part 5 - The history of Chandrapida-Vajraditva

. Part 6 - The history of Tarapida

+ Chapter 4 - The zenith of Karkota rule

. Part 1 - Lalitaditya鈥檚 Northern Conquests

. Part 2 - Contemporary Political Conditions of Kashmir

. Part 3 - Conquests of Lalitaditya

. Part 4 - Conquest of Kanauj

. Part 5 - Southern Conquests and the Last Days of Lalitaditya

. Part 6 - Conquest of Western India and Lalitaditya鈥檚 Triumphal Return

. Part 7 - Threat From Tibet

. Part 8 - Campaigns in Central Asia

. Part 9 - Death of Lalitaditya

. Part 10 - His Manifold Qualities and Code of Ethics

+ Chapter 5 - Nightfall of the Karkotas

. Part 1 - The history of Kuvalayapida

. Part 2 - The history of Vajraditya

. Part 3 - The history of Prithivyapida and Sangramapida

. Part 4 - The history of Jayapida Vinayaditya

. Part 5 - Subjugation of Kanauj

. Part 6 - Overthrow of the Usurper Jajja

. Part 7 - Further Conquests and Adventures of Jayapida

. Part 8 - Tyrannies and Oppressions of Jayapida

. Part 9 - Coins of Jayapida

. Part 10 - Decline of the Karkotas

. Part 11 - The history of Lalitapida and other successors

+ Section 3 - Kashmir under the Utpalas

+ Chapter 6 - Rise of the Utpalas

. Part 1 - The history of Avantivarman

. Part 2 - Rebellion of Dhanva Damara

. Part 3 - The history of Sankaravarman (C. 883-902 A.D.)

. Part 4 - The history of Gopalavarman (C. 902-04 A.D.)

. Part 5 - The history of the Shahi Rebellion

. Part 6 - The history of Sankata (904 A.D.) and Sugandha (904 -06 A.D.)

+ Chapter 7 - The downfall of the Utpalas

. Part 1 - The history of Partha (C. 906 - 21 A.D.)

. Part 2 - The history of the Great Famine (917-18 A.D.)

. Part 3 - The history of Nirjitavarman (C. 921-23 A.D.) and others

. Part 4 - Restoration of Chakravarman ( C. 936 A.D. )

. Part 4 - Suravarman II (C. 939 A.D.) and the decline of the Utpalas

+ Section 4 - Kashmir under the Loharas

+ Chapter 8 - Dawn of a new era

. Part 1 - The history of Yasaskara

. Part 2 - The history of Varnata (C. 948 A.D.)

. Part 3 - The history of Sangramadeva ( C. 948 - 949 A.D.)

. Part 4 - The history of Parvagupta (C. 949 - 50 A.D.)

. Part 5 - The history of Kshemagupta (C. 950-58 A.D.)

. Part 6 - The history of Abhimanyu (C. 958-72 A.D.)

. Part 7 - Rebellion of Mahiman

. Part 8 - Rise of Yasodhara and His Rebellion

. Part 9 - Naravahana鈥擧is Rise and Fall

. Part 10 - Uprising of the Damaras (after the demise of Naravahana)

. Part 11 - Death of Abhimanyu II

. Part 12 - Nandigupta (C. 972-73 A.D.) and Tribhuvana (C. 973-75 A.D.)

. Part 13 - The history of Bhimagupta (C. 975 - 260 81 A.D.)

. Part 14 - The history of Didda (C. 958 = 1003 A.D.)

. Part 16 - Rebellion of Ministers and Vigraharaja

. Part 17 - Didda鈥擜n Estimate

+ Chapter 9 - Advent of the Loharas

. Part 1 - The history of Sangramaraja (c. 1003 - 1028 A.D.)

. Part 2 - Mahmud and Kashmir

. Part 3 - Hariraja (C. 1028 A.D.) and Ananta (C. 1028鈥�1063 A.D.)

. Part 4 - Damara Uprising (during the reign of the Shahi princes at Kashmir)

. Part 5 - Death of Rajareja and Transfer of Royal Abode

. Part 5.2 - The legend of Bhoja Paramara

. Part 6 - Khasa Uprising and Conquests by Ananta

. Part 7 - Uprisings and Haladhara in Disgrace

+ Chapter 10 - Kalasa (1063-1089 A.D.)

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥擜nanta and Kshitiraja of Lohara

. Part 2 - Kalasa Takes to Evil Ways and assumes State-Responsibilities

. Part 3 - Kalasa and Harsha

. Part 4 - Administrative Reforms of Kalasa

. Part 5 - The Rajapuri Affairs

. Part 6 - Foreign Expeditions of Kalasa

. Part 7 - Invasion of Urasa

. Part 8 - Convention of Neighbouring Rulers

. Part 9 - Last Days of Kalasa

. Part 10 - Death of Kalasa

. Part 11 - The history of Utkarsha (C. 1089 A.D.)

. Part 12 - Revolt of Vijayamalla (during Utkarsha鈥檚 reign)

+ Chapter 11 - Harsha (1089-1101 A.D.)

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥擳he policy of Harsha鈥檚 appeasement

. Part 2 - Rebellion of Vijayamalla (during Harsha鈥檚 reign)

. Part 3 - Liberal Innovations by Harsha

. Part 4 - The Royal Court of Harsha and its Splendour

. Part 5 - Uprising of Bhuvanaraja and revolt of Sangramapala

. Part 6 - Plot against Kandarpa and His Fall

. Part 7 - Exactions of Harsha

. Part 8 - Second Expedition Against Sangramapala

. Part 9 - The Dugdhaghata Expedition

. Part 10 - Execution of Madana

. Part 11 - Suppression of the Damaras

. Part 12 - Invasion of Uchchala

. Part 13 - Dissatisfaction Amongst Harsha's Followers

. Part 14 - Capture of Vijayesvara by Sussala

. Part 15 - Uchchala Captures Srinagar

. Part 16 - Death of Harsha

+ Chapter 12 - Uchchala and Sussala

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥擡arly Difficulties of Uchchala

. Part 2 - Revolt of Sussala and the Rise of Pretenders

. Part 3 - Other Revolts and Attempts for the Throne

. Part 4 - Assassination of Uchchala

. Part 5 - The history of Salhana (1112 A.D.)

. Part 6 - Ascendancy of Gargachandra and Salhana Imprisoned

. Part 7 - The history of Sussala (1112-20 A.D.)

. Part 8 - Revolt and execution of Gargachandra

. Part 9 - Expedition against Rajapuri

. Part 10 - Revolt at Lohara

. Part 11 - Uprising of the Damaras (against Sussala)

. Part 12 - The history of Bhikshachara (1120-21)

. Part 13 - The Expedition to Lohara

. Part 14 - Reappearance of Sussala

. Part 15 - Crowning of Jayasimha

. Part 16 - Last Days of Sussala

+ Chapter 13 - Jayasimha

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥擱evolt at Lohara (during Jayasimha鈥檚 reign)

. Part 2 - The history of Mallarjuna

. Part 3 - Relations with Contemporary Chieftains and Rulers

. Part 4 - Intervention into the Darad Affairs

. Part 5 - Fresh Attempt by Lothana

. Part 6 - Another Attempt at Rebellion by Bhoja

. Part 7 - The Peaceful Years (during Jayasimha鈥檚 reign)

+ Chapter 14 - Kashmir after Jayasimha

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥擡vents after Jayasimha鈥檚 death

. Part 2 - The history of Paramanuka (1154-64 A.D.)

. Part 3 - The history of Vantideva (1164-71 A.D.)

. Part 4 - The history of Vopyadeva (1171-80 A.D.)

. Part 5 - The history of Jassaka (1181-99 A.D.) and Jagadeva (1199-1213 A.D.)

+ Section 5 - Administration and Coinage

+ Chapter 15 - Administration

. Part 1 - Introduction鈥揔ingship and Castes of Kashmir

. Part 2 - The Royal Courts of ancient Kashmir

. Part 3 - Central Administration of ancient Kashmir

. Part 4 - Foreign Relations of ancient Kashmir

. Part 5 - Provincial Administration of ancient Kashmir

. Part 6 - Village Administration of ancient Kashmir

. Part 7.1 - Terms related to important officers and offices of ancient Kashmir

. Part 7.2 - Terms Related To Minor Officials Of Ancient Kashmir

. Part 8 - Irrigation of ancient Kashmir

. Part 9 - Revenues of ancient Kashmir

. Chapter 16 - Coins

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Last Updated: 07 May, 2025

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