365bet娱乐

础濒补峁卥腻谤补

Poetry is an art and its immediate purpose and aim are the giving of delights, the aesthetic pleasure. This was recognised by Sanskrit critics from very ancient times. 叠丑补驳补惫补诲辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 is written in the form of a 惭补丑腻办腻惫测补 divided into several sarg膩s.

In Sanskrit literature 础濒补峁卥腻谤补 adorned very great and important position. 产丑腻尘补丑补 defined the word 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 [补濒补峁卥腻谤补岣�] in two ways: 鈥�补濒补峁僰谤颈测补迟别 iti 补濒补峁卥腻谤补岣�鈥� and another is 鈥�补濒补峁僰谤颈测补迟别 anena iti 补濒补峁卥腻谤补岣�鈥�. 础濒补峁卥腻谤补s have classified mainly in three types in Sanskrit literature. They are 艣补产诲腻濒补峁卥腻谤补, 补谤迟丑腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 and 耻产丑补测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 The 补濒补峁卥腻谤补s like 鈥�补苍耻产丑腻蝉补, yamaka and 艣濒别峁�a are included in 艣补产诲腻濒补峁卥腻谤补. The 补濒补峁卥腻谤补s like 蝉惫补产丑腻惫辞办迟颈, 耻辫补尘腻, 奴prek峁Ｄ�, 蝉惫补产丑腻惫辞办迟颈, 谤奴辫补办补, 诲墨辫补办补, 补谤迟丑腻苍迟补谤补苍测腻蝉补, 惫颈产丑腻惫补苍腻, 补迟颈艣补测辞办迟颈 are included in 补谤迟丑腻濒补峁卥腻谤补 | and the 补濒补峁卥腻谤补s of 辫耻苍补谤耻办迟惫补诲腻产丑腻蝉补 is included 耻产丑补测腻濒补峁卥腻谤补.

The author 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin has used these 艢abdh膩la峁卥膩ras and 础谤迟丑腻濒补峁卥腻谤补蝉 in 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 while he narrates 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 biography. He mostly used the figure 鈥�耻辫补尘腻鈥� in this work.

The definition of 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 named 耻辫补尘腻 颈蝉鈥�

耻辫补尘腻nopameyayo岣� s膩dharmyebhed膩bhedatulyatve 耻辫补尘腻 |^[1]

That is Upama (simile) where a similarity between two objects is clearly expressed a comparison of two similar object is 耻辫补尘腻 |

The example of this 础濒补峁卥腻谤补 in 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 is:

brahmavarcasanirv峁泃tajes膩gnirivajvalan |
pratham膩艣ramam膩h膩tmya峁� sa babhau khy膩payanniva || ^[2]

In this verse, the poet describes the beautiful view. He imagines that the words of Brahma is like fire. The author applies 耻辫补尘腻 through the comparison of fire and words.

The definition of Alankara named 鈥�耻诲腻迟迟补鈥� is:

sam峁沝dhimadvastuvar峁嘺nam耻诲腻迟迟补m^[3]

Its example of 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 is:

sa vive艣a 辫耻谤墨峁� 办腻艣墨峁� k膩艣am膩n膩峁� tvay膩 艣谤颈测腻 |
补惫补迟墨谤峁嚹乵颈惫补 brahma辫耻谤墨峁� bhuvi rira峁僺ay膩 || ^[4]

In this verse 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin defines the beauty and prosperity of the kingdom named 碍腻艣颈. Here the poet describes the old country, 碍腻艣颈鈥檚 peculiarities. Here

ud膩tt膩la峁卥膩ra岣� |

The definition of 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 named 鈥�办腻惫测补濒颈峁単补鈥� is

丑别迟辞谤惫腻办测补辫补诲腻谤迟丑补迟腻 办腻惫测补濒颈峁僩补峁�^[5]

Where an expressed idea is in need of justification is sustained by another idea, it is 鈥�办腻惫测补濒颈峁単腻濒补峁卥腻谤补岣�鈥�

Its example of 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 is:

ap膩r膩峁兣沜atigambh墨r膩n膩mn膩y膩峁僺膩gar膩niva |
pibankhelena nanve峁�a dvit墨ya岣�kumbhasa峁僢hava岣� || ^[6]

In this verse the poet describes the sage Agastya drank the whole water of the ocean. Here 艢补峁卥补谤补 drinks the whole Vedas. So he is the second Kumbasa峁僢hava. That idea justified by another idea.

The definition of 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 named arth膩ntarany膩s膩la峁卥膩ra岣� |

s膩m膩nyavi艣e峁�ak膩ryakara峁嘺bh膩v膩bhy膩峁� nirdi峁ａ弓aprak峁泃asam补谤迟丑腻苍迟补谤补苍测腻蝉补岣� |^[7]

The method of just a normal or a common term to indicate either an object or ideology of great importance, or using an important symbol of signify a common thing is that makes the arth膩ntarany膩s膩la峁卥膩ra岣� |

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin gives the example of this 补濒补峁卥腻谤补.

iya峁� hi 尘补丑补迟腻峁� 艣ail墨 yatprapannai峁�vanugraha岣� |
r膩j帽o'napatyat膩du岣�kha峁� putre峁ａ弓ay膩 艣amayanvibhu岣� || ^[8]

In this verse, the depiction of the general idea narrated by a particular idea, could be seen this 补濒补峁卥腻谤补. The sad people have always got the blessings of Mah膩puru峁Ｄ乻. That is the general idea. Here the thirst for a son is a particular idea.

The definition of 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 named yamaka is:

蝉惫补谤补惫测补帽箩补苍补蝉补尘耻诲腻测补辫补耻苍补谤耻办迟测补峁� 测补尘补办补峁�^[9]

This 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 becomes applicable in sentences where vowel and consonant sounds are repeatedly used.

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin gives a beautiful example of 测补尘补办补鈥�

艣rutyantavy膩pin墨 saumyevi艣膩le c膩sya cak峁�u峁Ｄ� |
艣rutyantavy膩pi cak峁�u峁ａ弓a峁� vy膩cak峁Ｄ乼e nira峁卥u艣am || ^[10]

Here the first line is identified with the repetition of 艣惫补谤补 and 惫测补帽箩补苍补. In that manner that 补濒补峁卥腻谤补 is 测补尘补办补峁� |

Rasa

Following the style of a 惭补丑腻办腻惫测补 in 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 the river, mountain, wind, the moon, sun and night are portrayed thematically and briefly. In some places, the narration of 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin is beautiful and enjoyable. Sometimes he uses a峁単arasa or secondary rasa as adding effect to main rasa. In narrating the childhood of 艢补峁卥补谤补 he uses 鈥�adbhutarasa鈥�. The meeting with 骋辞惫颈苍诲补产丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲补 has 鈥�艣腻苍迟补谤补蝉补鈥�. In 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补. Bhakti for 艢补峁卥补谤补 is the main theme. Therefore Bhakti may be regarded as the dominant rasa expressed throughout the text.

痴峁泃迟补

The 痴峁泃迟补 has a prominent position in Sanskrit literary tradition. 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin used various metres in 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补. But 鈥�补苍耻峁ａ弓丑耻辫鈥� is the most important one. From One to nine cantos, the starting 痴峁泃迟补 is 补苍耻峁ａ弓丑耻辫 | In the end of every cantos he uses so many 痴峁泃迟补s. They are vasantatilaka, 尘补苍诲腻办谤腻苍迟腻, 尘腻濒颈苍墨, 艣腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补, 诲补峁囜笉补办补 | etc.

The content analysis shows that 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 was written in the style of 惭补丑腻办腻惫测补, but it cannot fulfil all the 濒补办峁�a峁嚹乻 of mah膩办腻惫测补 as noted above. In other sense this biography was written in the style of 辫耻谤腻峁嘺 with many anecdotes. He gave importance to tell the stories about 艢补峁卥补谤补 as an avat膩r of 艢颈惫补. This 办腻惫测补 is entirely different from traditional Mah膩k膩vy膩s. So many stories are mixed there. Here the stories about 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 disciples are also available. He gave most importance to narration. There are so many 搁补蝉腻蝉, 叠丑腻惫补蝉, and 础濒补峁卥腻谤补s displayed. The author gives much importance to narration, not for description; he gave importance to the legends of 艢补峁卥补谤补. He considers 艢补峁卥补谤补 was the protector or saviour. Advaita is its path. He believes in the principle of unity. This work is highly influential in maintaining the idea of 鈥榰nity in diversity鈥�. 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 life is the example of this. He believes in karma but gave ultimate importance to 箩帽腻苍补-marga. He believs 箩帽腻苍补 is the true way for liberation.

In 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 life 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin narrates bhakti in so many aspects such as devotion to deity, to Guru and mother. In 叠丑补驳补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补 we can see so many 产丑腻惫腻蝉 and ras膩s. The situation of 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥檚 鈥榩arak膩yaprave艣a鈥� is the example of 鈥�Vismaya鈥� and Rati鈥�. In meeting with Ma峁囜笉ana Mi艣ra he asks so many tricky questions and answers it with wit. That is the best example of 鈥�贬腻蝉测补鈥�. 膧ry膩mba鈥檚 death scene is the example of 鈥�艢辞办补鈥�. The people of Kaladi do not allow 艢补峁卥补谤补 for his mother鈥檚 funeral. At that time he cursed them. In that situation 鈥�Krodha鈥� is there. At last he spread Advaita thoughts all over India, defeating the rivals there is the sentiment 鈥�鲍迟蝉腻丑补鈥�. After the crocodile incident he consoled his mother, there 鈥�Jugupsa鈥�, is shown towards the material world. The incident of Kanakadh膩rastotra is situated in Bhakti and 鈥榁ismaya鈥�. Sarvaj帽api峁�膩roha峁嘺 and find liberation as 艢颈惫补 is situated 鈥�厂腻苍迟补鈥�. In this manner rati, 丑腻蝉补, 艣oka, krodha, uts膩ha etc. may be considered as the Po峁�ak膩s of rasa, bhakti which is the dominant. But whether it is fully revealed or not is a matter of contention. However the combination of several 叠丑腻惫补蝉 are indeed a great attraction of this K膩vya.

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

搁补箩腻苍补办补 Ruyyaka, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补sarvasva of with the Commentary of Jayanatha, Ed., Durgaprasad, Ka艣inath Pandurang Parab, Bombay: Nirnayasagar Press, 1893, p.25.

[2]:

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin, 叠丑补驳丑补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补, Tanjore: Parimal Publications, 1927, III.8.

[3]:

搁补箩腻苍补办补 Ruyyaka, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补sarvasva of with the Commentary of Jayanatha, Ed., Durgaprasad, Ka艣inath Pandurang Parab, p.183.

[4]:

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin, 叠丑补驳丑补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补, IV. 1.

[5]:

搁补箩腻苍补办补 Ruyyaka, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补sarvasva of with the Commentary of Jayanatha, Ed., Durgaprasad, Ka艣inath Pandurang Parab, p.143.

[6]:

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin, 叠丑补驳丑补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补, II. 47.

[7]:

搁补箩腻苍补办补 Ruyyaka, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补sarvasva of with the Commentary of Jayanatha, Ed., Durgaprasad, Ka艣inath Pandurang Parab, p.36.

[8]:

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin, 叠丑补驳丑补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补, III. 32.

[9]:

搁补箩腻苍补办补 Ruyyaka, 础濒补峁卥腻谤补sarvasva of with the Commentary of Jayanatha, Ed., Durgaprasad, Ka艣inath Pandurang Parab, p.10.

[10]:

尝补办峁�m补峁嘺 S奴rin, 叠丑补驳丑补惫补迟辫腻诲腻产丑测耻诲补测补, II. 6.