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Kavya, 屹ⲹ: 25 definitions

Introduction:

Kavya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) 屹ⲹ (काव्�).—Son of Kavi, one of the Prajpatis. (Anuśsana Parva, Chapter 85). Also, a synonym of Śukra.

2) 屹ⲹ (काव्�).—Agni Purṇa, Chapters 390 to 400 contain a discussion on poetry, which is the basis for literary criticism in India. The above discussion in Agni Purṇa, comprehends the forms and features of poetry, rasa (sentiment), style, the art of acting and the drama, and other matters related to poetry and art.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Kavya (कव्य).—Offering to Pitṛs.*

  • * Matsya-purṇa 19. 1; Vyu-purṇa 79. 69; 97. 27.

1b) A class of Pitṛs.*

  • * Vyu-purṇa 52. 67.

2a) 屹ⲹ (काव्�).—A son of Bhṛgu and Div; also śukra, uśana, the 峦ⲹ for devas and asuras; Kavisuta and the name of a planet; wife Gonma, had four sons, Tvaṣṭa, Varūtrī, Śaṇḍa, and Marka;1 the lord of Bhṛgus;2 cursed Yati.3 Asuras defeated by Indra appealed to 屹ⲹ and resolved to go to Rastala; 屹ⲹ encouraged them and said that rains, vegetation, etc., would stand completely with them and only (1/4) with the devas; at that time the devas appealed to him for help; but 屹ⲹ went to Mahdeva and learnt the mantra for their success; in the meantime he asked them to keep quiet and perform austerities after laying their weapons down. Mahdeva insisted on ṇḍū observance for a thousand years with their heads down; while so engaged the asuras got afraid of the devas and appealed to his mother and the wife of Bhṛgu; she offered them shelter but finding them being killed by the devas she resolved to deprive Indra of his place; then Indra appealed to Viṣṇu whose body he entered; but she set on fire the whole world of devas, when out of rage Viṣṇu killed her; Bhṛgu cursed him to be born seven times among men; then by power of tapas he restored his wife to life; Śukra's religious observance so as to please him; penance over, Maheśvara granted him three things: non-defeat by others, lordship over wealth, and eternal life; on this he praised īdz󾱳ٲ by many names; pleased, Śiva disappeared; then Śukra was attracted towards Jayantī the daughter of Indra and promised to be with her for ten years unknown to the asuras by means of ; when 屹ⲹ returned the asuras were pleased; but during the ten years Bṛhaspati appeared before the asuras in the guise of 屹ⲹ and pretended to speak to them the mantra he had heard; the asuras accepted him; ten years were over and a daughter Devani was born to Śukra who appeared before the asuras; finding two 屹ⲹs the asuras became mystified and 屹ⲹ said that he was Bṛhaspati in disguise; the asuras did not believe in the real Śukra who left them in anger; soon they found out the mistake and approached Śukra through Prahlda and he became pleased; then he approached Brahm who said that after ten yugas and in the Svrociṣa Yuga the asuras would get back their kingdom; saying this he pointed out to two disciples Saṇḍa and Marka equal to Bṛhaspati, and at last the devas were defeated. Seeing the success of the asuras Viṣnu took different avatars to put them down.4

  • 1) Brahmṇḍa-purṇa III. 1. 76; 68. 86; 72. 95; 73. 1, 37. Vyu-purṇa 59. 90; 62. 41; 65. 74-7.
  • 2) Viṣṇu-purṇa 70. 4.
  • 3) Viṣṇu-purṇa IV. 10. 7.
  • 4) Vyu-purṇa 97. 94 to end and ch. 98; Brahmṇḍa-purṇa III, 72. 96 to the end; 73. 1-64.

2b) An Aṅgirasa, and one of the seven sages of Tmasa Manu;1 a Գٰṛt.2

  • 1) Brahmṇḍa-purṇa II. 32. 98 and 104; 33. 7; 36. 47.
  • 2) Vyu-purṇa 59. 96.

2c) A son of Senjit.*

  • * Matsya-purṇa 49. 50; Vyu-purṇa 99. 173.

2d) A son of Bharatgni.*

  • * Vyu-purṇa 29. 8.

2e) A group of Pitṛs who drink Soma's . Their mind-born daughter is Yogotpatti; other names are saṃvatsaras, pañcbdas, jyapas, being presiding deities of ṣt첹 and others. They drink ghee.*

  • * Brahmṇḍa-purṇa II. 23. 39 and 73-5; 28. 4, 23 and 70; III. 10. 85; Matsya-purṇa 141. 4-16; Vyu-purṇa 56. 13, 16.
Purana book cover
context information

The Purana (पुरा�, purṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Kavyashastra (science of poetry)

: Shodhganga: The Kavyavilasa of Ciranjiva Bhattacarya (kavyashastra)

屹ⲹ (काव्�, “poetry�).—Ācrya Mammaṭa (in his 屹ⲹprakśa) defines poetry (屹ⲹ) as a combination of sound and sense, free from blemishes, endowed with qualities and sometimes devoid also of poetic figures or embellishments. Cirañjīva has explained this definition of poetry as follows—word and sense conjointly form the genus of poetry and absence of defect, use of ṇa and employment of ṃk constitute its distinguishing features. It has also been said that in poetry rarely a distinct figure of speech may be absent. As Mammaṭa has said Cirañjīva is also of opinion that word and meaning constitute poetry.

屹ⲹ defined according to the Śaradgama:—“The expression which is endowed with rasa, ṃk, ṇa, īپ, ṣaṇa and which is devoid of ṣa has the appellation of 屹ⲹ�. According to this view the presence of rasa, īپ and ṣaṇa is essential in a poetry.

屹ⲹ (poetry) as defined by the most modern critics, hold that to be poetry only an exclusive charmingness in composition is necessary. So a composition which is capable of generating exclusive charmingness and having some minor blemishes may be designated as a poetry with blemishes, but not as non-poetry (a屹ⲹ). Even in the presence of rasa etc. if there is no exclusive type of charmingness, the impression of experienced critics that this poetry does not take place and this view is well accepted by the modern critics.

: Shodhganga: Bhismacaritam a critical study

屹ⲹ (काव्�) literally and in its widest sense connotes all that is the work of a poet. In that sense 屹ⲹ is the subject of Classical Sanskrit Literature. Numerous definitions of poetry have been attempted from time to time by Sanskrit theorists. These definitions have generally been influenced by the author’s conception of the essence of poetry. In some cases, however, the definitions are attempts on the part of their authors to describe rather than to define. In earlier definitions, the emphasis lies on the unique relationship between the word and meaning. Bhmaha’s definition of poetry is one of the earliest definitions of poetry. According to him “A happy fusion of Ś岹 (Sound) and Artha (sense) is called poetry.

屹ⲹ is that which touches the inmost cords of the human mind and diffuses itself into the crevices of the heart, working up a lasting sense of delight. It is an expression in the beautiful form and melodious language of the best thoughts and noblest emotions, which is the spectacle of life, awakening the finest souls.

屹ⲹ is divided broadly into two classes viz. śravya-屹ⲹ, dṛśya-屹ⲹ. [...] Some call 屹ⲹs, artificial epics. 屹ⲹ is three-fold viz. prabandha, muktaka and campu. In it Prabandha屹ⲹ is two-fold viz. Mah屹ⲹ and Khaṇḍa屹ⲹ.

: DASH: The Theology of Literary Emotions in Medieval Kashmir

屹ⲹ (काव्�) refers to “poetry�, according to the Ānandavardhana’s 9th century Dhvanloka, an important philosophical work on the theory of poetic manifestation (dhvani) or ‘the soul of poetry�.—Accordingly, “In view of such disagreements [over the existence and nature of poetic manifestation], we shall state its true nature in order to delight the hearts of sensitive readers. For the nature of this [poetic manifestation], which is the secret of all good poets' poetry (sat-kavi-屹ⲹ), which, moreover, is clearly seen to be at work in such great poems as the 峾ⲹṇa and the Mahbhrata, will here be revealed so that the bliss [which arises] in the hearts of sensitive readers. . . may take firm hold in their hearts�.

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (kavya)

屹ⲹ (काव्�) refers to “poetry� while Rasa (“the sentiment�) is that which touches our heart and fills it with a great sensation, after reading or hearing a piece of poetry or viewing a performing art.

According to the Shityadarpaṇa, there are two broad divisions of 屹ⲹ (poetry) viz.,

  1. dṛśya-屹ⲹ and
  2. śravya-屹ⲹ.

Mammaṭabhaṭṭa, the author of the 屹ⲹprakśa accepts three kinds of 屹ⲹ viz.,

  1. dhvani-屹ⲹ,
  2. guṇībhūtavyaṅga-屹ⲹ and
  3. citra-屹ⲹ.

In the Shityadarpaṇa, only two varieties of 屹ⲹ are accepted which are�

  1. dhvani-屹ⲹ and
  2. guṇībhūtavyaṅga-屹ⲹ.
Kavyashastra book cover
context information

Kavyashastra (काव्यशास्त्र, 屹ⲹśstra) refers to the ancient Indian tradition of poetry (kavya). Canonical literature (shastra) of the includes encyclopedic manuals dealing with prosody, rhetoric and various other guidelines serving to teach the poet how to compose literature.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (ns)

Kavya (कव्य) refers to one of the sixteen divisions of the ٱśī-ū貹첹 compositions in ancient Indian art of dance and theater.—Puruṣottama Miśr, while defining the terms and śī quotes the Saṅgītanryaṇa (Vol. II, pp.406-410) which he says has been taken from Kohala (the work of Kohala). Following , the śī forms are next listed out. First is a list of sixteen types as described by Dattila. [e.g., kavya] [...] This list is followed by yet another bearing the names of another 12 forms.

Natyashastra book cover
context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, ṭyśٰ) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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General definition (in Hinduism)

: Oxford Reference: Indian Philosophy

“屹ⲹ� is a Sanskrit term used to designate poetry variously characterized as classical, ornate, courtly, or stylized. To be sure, kavya usually involves erudition and elegance, but a poet (kavi) might equally spurn the many available conventions to create a work for simpler tastes. India’s critics debated how to define kavya for over a millennium. Its simplest formulation is sound and sense combined, or “the output of poets.� However, connoisseurs have long understood it as something more elegant, more crafted than gnomic, didactic, or narrative versification—so much so that the prestige of kavya extended even to those who wrote technical treatises in the exact sciences. This article covers works in Sanskrit with brief references to the related literatures in the Prkrits, old Tamil, Apabhraṃśa, and the various literary precursors to India’s modern languages.

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

屹ⲹ (काव्�, “poetry�) refers to the Sanskrit literary style used by Indian court poets flourishing from the first half of the seventh century AD. This literary style is characterised by abundant usage of figures of speech, metaphors, similes, and hyperbole to create its emotional effects. The result is a short lyrical work, court epic, narrative or dramatic work. "Kavya" can refer to the style or the completed body of literature. Asvaghosa (c. 80-150 AD), a philosopher and poet considered the father of Sanskrit drama, is attributed with first using the word.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: Rigpa Shedra: Wiki

屹ⲹ (काव्�) refers to “poetry� and is known in Tibetan as snyan ngag.—As one of the “Five Minor Sciences� (Tibetan: rig gnas chung lnga) it forms part of the �Ten Sciences� (Tibetan: rig gnas bcu), or fields of knowledge.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (Բ) are collected indepently.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«𱹾dzܲ Ա»] � Kavya in Pali glossary
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Kavya, (cp. Vedic kavya wise; sacrificer) poetry; ballad, ode (cp. kabba) J. VI, 213, 216.

Pali book cover
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Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

kavya (कव्य).—n S An oblation to deceased ancestors.

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).—n (S) A poem or piece of poetry.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

kavya (कव्य).�n An oblation to deceased ancestors.

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).�n A poem or piece of poetry.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Kavya (कव्य).�(opp. havya) An oblation of food to deceased ancestors; एष वै प्रथमः कल्प� प्रदान� हव्यकव्ययो� (eṣa vai prathama� kalpa� pradne havyakavyayo�) Manusmṛti 3.147, 97,128.

-ⲹ� A class of manes. कव्योऽसि हव्यसूदन (kavyo'si havyasūdana) Mahbhrata on P.VI.4.3.

Derivable forms: kavyam (कव्यम्).

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).�a. [첹-ⲹ�]

1) Possessed of the qualities of a sage or a poet.

2) Praiseworthy, fit to be described

3) Prophetic, inspired, poetical; अशंसीत् काव्यः कविः (aśaṃsīt 屹ⲹ� kavi�) ṻ岹 8.8.11.

-ⲹ� Name of Śukra, preceptor of the Asuras; Mahbhrata (Bombay) 1.76.6; दानवेन्द्रैर्हतं दूरात् काव्यः कचमजीवयत् (dnavendrairhata� dūrt 屹ⲹ� kacamajīvayat) Bm.1.289.

- 1 Intelligence.

2) A female fiend;

-� m. (pl.) A class of manes; Manusmṛti 3.199.

-vyam 1 A poem; महाकाव्यम् (mah屹ⲹm); मेघदूत� ना� काव्यम� (meghadūta� nma 屹ⲹm) &c.

2) Poetics, poetry, a poetical composition. (屹ⲹ is defined by writers on Poetics in different ways; tadadoṣau śabdrthau saguṇvanalaṅkṛtī puna� kvpi K. P.1; vkya� rastmaka� 屹ⲹm S. D.1; ramaṇīrthapratipdaka� śabda� 屹ⲹm R. G.; śarīra� tvadiṣṭrthavyavacchinn padvalī 屹.1.1; nirdoṣ� ṣaṇavatī saīپrṇabhūṣit | slaṅkraras'nekavṛttirvk 屹ⲹnmabhk || Chandr.1.7.)

3) Happiness, welfare.

4) Wisdom; काव्यानि वदता� तेषा� संयच्छाम� वहाम� � (kvni vadat� teṣṃ saṃyacchmi vahmi ca) Mahbhrata (Bombay) 12.124.34.

5) Inspiration. (The purposes of a 屹ⲹ as mentioned by Mammaṭa are :-屹ⲹ� yaśase'rthakṛte vyavahravide śivetarakṣa- taye | sadyaḥparanirvṛtaye kntsaṃmitatayopadeśayuje || K. P.1.)

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kavya (कव्य).—n.

(-ⲹ�) An oblation or offering of food to deceased ancestors. E. ku to sound or praise, yat aff.

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).—m.

(-ⲹ�) A name of Sukracharya, the preceptor of the demons. f.

(-) 1. Understanding, intelligence. 2. A female fiend: see ūٲ. 3. A Pitri of a particular order, the son of Kavi or Sukra. n.

(-ⲹ�) A poem, poetical composition. E. kavi a poet, &c. ñⲹ derivative or pleonastic aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kavya (कव्य).—i. e. kavi + ya, n. An oblation to deceased ancestors (the wise men of old), [Բ󲹰śٰ] 1, 95.

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屹ⲹ (काव्�).—i. e. kavi + ya, I. adj., f. , Coming from old sages, Mahbhrata 2, 2097. Ii. m. 1. A class of Pitṛs or Manes, [Բ󲹰śٰ] 3, 199. 2. patron. Surname of Uśanas, Mahbhrata 1, 3188. Iii. m. A bard, Mahbhrata 2, 453. Iv. n. A poem, [峾ⲹṇa] 1, 2, 38.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kavya (कव्य).—[adjective] = kavi [adjective]; [masculine] [plural] a class of Manes; [neuter] an oblation to the Manes (mostly connected with havya).

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).�1. [adjective] having the qualities of a sage; wise, inspired; [masculine] patr. of Uśanas.

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (काव्�).�2. [adjective] the same; [neuter] wisdom, inspiration; poetry, poem; [masculine] [plural] a class of Manes.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kavya (कव्य):—[from kavi] 1. kavya mfn. (= kavi, [Kśik-vṛtti on Pṇini 5-4, 30]) wise, [Ṛg-veda x, 15, 9] (at, [Vjasaneyi-saṃhit xxii, 2] read kav�)

2) [v.s. ...] a sacrificer, sacrificial priest, [Ṛg-veda ix, 91, 2]

3) [v.s. ...] Name of a class of deities associated with Aṅgiras and Ṛkvan ([Grassmann]; a class of manes), [Ṛg-veda x, 14, 3; Atharva-veda]

4) [v.s. ...] Name of one of the seven sages of the fourth Manv-antara, [Harivaṃśa]

5) [v.s. ...] n. (generally in connection with havya See havya-kavya) ‘what must be offered to the wise�, an oblation of food to deceased ancestors, [Mahbhrata; Manu-smṛti]

6) [from kavi] 2. kavya [Nominal verb] [Parasmaipada] kavyati, to be wise, [Pṇini 7-4, 39.]

7) 屹ⲹ (काव्�):�mfn. ([from] kavi), endowed with the qualities of a sage or poet, descended or coming from a sage, prophetic, inspired, poetical, [Ṛg-veda i, 117, 12; viii, 8, 11; Vjasaneyi-saṃhit; Atharva-veda]

8) idem, [Ṛg-veda v, 39, 5; x, 144, 2; Vjasaneyi-saṃhit]

9) mf()n. coming from or uttered by the sage Uśanas, [Parśara-smṛti; Mahbhrata ii, 2097]

10) m. (ṇa kurv-di) a [patronymic] of Uśanas, [Ṛg-veda; Taittirīya-saṃhit] etc.

11) mf()n. of the planet Śukra, [Varha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhit; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

12) m. [plural] poems, [Mahbhrata ii, 453]

13) m. a class of Manes, [Śṅkhyana-śrauta-sūtra; Lṭyana; Manu-smṛti iii, 199]

14) the descendants of Kavi, [Viṣṇu-purṇa]

15) 屹 (काव्या):—[from 屹ⲹ] f. intelligence, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) [v.s. ...] Name of a female fiend (= ūٲ), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

17) 屹ⲹ (काव्�):�n. wisdom, intelligence, prophetic inspiration, high power and art (often in [plural]), [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brhmaṇa xi]

18) a poem, poetical composition with a coherent plot by a single author (opposed to an Itihsa), [峾ⲹṇa; Shitya-darpaṇa] etc.

19) term for the first tetrastich in the metre Ṣa�-pada

20) a kind of drama of one act, [Shitya-darpaṇa 546]

21) a kind of poem (composed in Sanskṛt interspersed with Prkṛt), [Shitya-darpaṇa 563]

22) happiness, welfare, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kavya (कव्य):�(ⲹ�) 1. n. An oblation made to the manes, or deceased ancestors.

2) 屹ⲹ (काव्�):�(ⲹ�) 1. m. A name of Sucrchrya, preceptor of the demons. f. (v) Intelligence; a fiend. n. A poem, poetical composition.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

屹ⲹ (काव्�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kavva.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

屹ⲹ (काव्�) [Also spelled kavy]:�(nm) poetry; —[kal] the art of poetry; ~[kra] a poet; —[ṛt] a poetic work; —[pṭha] recitation; -[marmajña/ —marmī] a connoisseur of poetry; hence —[marmajñat; kvtmaka] poetic; hence [kvtmakat] (nf).

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Kavya (ಕವ್ಯ):�

1) [noun] an oblation of food to deceased ancestors.

2) [noun] a class of dead ancestors (manes).

--- OR ---

屹ⲹ (ಕಾವ್�):�

1) [noun] a poetical work; poetry; (gen.) a literary work.

2) [noun] the theory or structure of poetry; poetics.

3) [noun] Śukra, the preceptor of demons, and the regent-deity of the planet Venus.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) Kavya (कव्य):—n. an oblation of food to deceased ancestors;

2) 屹ⲹ (काव्�):—n. 1. poem; poetry (in narrow sense); 2. literature (in broad sense); belles-letters;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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