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The `惫补谤峁嘺鈥� or Word is a form of articulate sound. This word or 鈥�艣补惫诲补鈥� can be divided into two classes namely 鈥�dhvani鈥� and 鈥�惫补谤峁嘺鈥�^[1]. Actually we can approach structure and semantics. Structural study of a particular language means the formation of a word by the help of syntax, 鈥�辫谤补办谤颈测腻鈥� etc. But the Semantics study means an universal nature relevant to all languages. This universal nature of all languages is named by the 鈥�艣补产诲补迟补迟迟补鈥�.&苍产蝉辫;

When 笔补迟补帽箩补濒颈 says in his 鈥�惭补丑腻产丑腻峁�y补鈥浓赌�

啶�啶灌い啶� 啶︵�囙さ啷囙�� 啶ㄠ�� 啶膏ぞ啶�啷嵿く啶� 啶膏�嵿く啶距い啷� 啶囙い啷嵿く啶о�嵿く啷囙く啶� 啶掂�嵿く啶距�曕ぐ啶｀ぎ啷�

尘补丑补迟腻 devena na岣� 蝉腻尘测补峁� sy膩t ityadhyeya峁� vy膩kara峁嘺m

It refers to the 艣补产诲补迟补迟迟补. 

While defining `艣补产诲补鈥� at language level, he says鈥�

啶多さ啷嵿う啶� 啶膏�嵿か啷嬥�熰�� 啶о�嵿さ啶ㄠた啶� 啶多が啷嵿う啷嵿�椸�佮ぃ啶冟イ

艣补惫诲补岣� 蝉辫丑辞峁璦岣� 诲丑惫补苍颈岣� 艣abdgu峁嘺岣�|

(笔补蝉辫补艣腻丑苍颈办补, 惭补丑腻产丑腻峁�y补m)

This 鈥�蝉辫丑辞峁璦鈥� refers to the mental level 鈥�尘补诲丑测补尘腻鈥� and the 鈥�诲丑惫补苍颈鈥� refers to the audible level 鈥�惫补颈办丑补谤墨鈥�^[2] also, both these level are considered鈥�

啶�啷囙え啷嬥�氞�嵿�氞ぞ啶班た啶む�囙�� 啶膏ぞ啶膏�嵿え啶距げ啶權�嵿�椸げ啶曕�曕�佮う啶栢�佮ぐ啶掂た啶粪ぞ啶｀た啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶膏ぎ啷嵿お啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶�啷� 啶�啶掂い啶� 啶� 啶多が啷嵿う啶�.啶呧ぅ啶掂ぞ 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む��啶むお啶︵ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶曕�� 啶侧�嬥�曕�� 啶о�嵿さ啶ㄠた啶� 啶多が啷嵿う 啶囙い啷嵿く啷佮�氞�嵿く啶む��

yenocc膩ritena s膩sn膩la峁単alakakudakhuravi峁Ｄ佱箛in膩峁� sampratyayo bhavati sa 艣补产诲补岣�.athav膩 prat墨tapad膩rthako loke 诲丑惫补苍颈岣� 艣补产诲补 ityucyate

(笔补蝉辫补艣腻丑苍颈办补, 惭补丑腻产丑腻峁�y补m).

In the evolution of sound, air plays an important part. According to 笔腻峁噄苍墨测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, this air is the creative factor of sound. The course, in which the physical air acts itself manifested in the shape of audible sound, as follows:-

Having intellectually determined to the object to be communicated to others, the soul urges the mind in order to give expression that is to vocalize the thought rising within. The mind, so stimulated, acts upon the physical fire which is its turns about a movement in the region of internal air. 

The internal air, thus moved, Gets upwards till it reaches the vocal organs鈥�

啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶� 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぇ啷嵿く啶� 啶膏ぎ啷囙い啷嵿く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啷� 啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶�啷佮�權�嵿�曕�嵿い啷� 啶掂た啶掂�曕�嵿し啶�啶距�� 啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶曕ぞ啶�啶距�椸�嵿え啶苦ぎ啶距す啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� 啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啷囙ぐ啶�啶むた 啶�啶距ぐ啷佮い啶�啷嵿ゥ

膩tm膩 buddhy膩 samety膩rth膩n mano yu峁卥te vivak峁�ay膩| 尘补苍补岣� k膩y膩gnim膩hanti sa prerayati 尘腻谤耻迟补尘||

(笔腻峁噄苍墨测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�,3)

The 颁丑腻苍诲辞驳测辞辫补苍颈峁�a诲 also has described the same mental process of speech production. According to this 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲 the speech sound is a Kind of internal air. It has clearly stated that the internal air called 鈥�惫测腻苍补鈥�, which represents intermediary stage between inspiration (辫谤腻峁嘺) and expiration (补辫腻苍补), is same as 鈥�惫腻办鈥�. On this account, at the time of speaking one has to refrain from both inhaling and exhaling^[3]. This act of breathing, while in ordinary course is transformed into audible sound, is essentially connected with physical heat (energy). In the 痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补, Bhartihari has more than once drawn our attention to the fact that 鈥�tejas鈥� (energy) largely contributes to the materialization of sound by the expression 鈥�tejas膩 p膩kam膩gata岣�鈥� (痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补, 叠谤补丑尘补办腻峁囜笉补) and 鈥�tejasaiva vivartate鈥� (痴腻办测补辫补诲墨测补, 叠谤补丑尘补办腻峁囜笉补). He has tries to show that the evolution of sound involved the operation of fire as primary condition. It is fire that pushes air in motion and represents the energy which is required for the utterance of a sound. Thus, this view apparently tends to make sound a modification of fire.

Now we can say that there are three very important conditions for the production of sound. This three point鈥檚 are鈥�

(i) The contact of mind with the soul is a necessary or primary condition for the production of speech sound.

啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶� 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぇ啷嵿く啶� 啶膏ぎ啷囙い啷嵿く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啷� 啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶�啷佮�權�嵿�曕�嵿い啷� 啶掂た啶掂�曕�嵿し啶�啶距��

膩tm膩 buddhy膩 samety膩rth膩n mano yu峁卥te vivak峁�ay膩|

(笔腻峁噄苍墨测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 3)

No cognition is possible unless the mind invariably comes into touch with soul. It is surely on activity of the mind that sends a stimulus to the whole mechanism of speech and sets the sounding apparatus to work.

(ii) Secondly, the mind first acts upon the physical fire鈥�

啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶曕ぞ啶�啶距�椸�嵿え啶苦ぎ啶距す啶ㄠ�嵿い啶�

尘补苍补岣� k膩y膩gnim膩hanti

(笔腻峁噄苍墨测补 艢颈办峁Ｄ�, 3) 

This physical fire is the most active element known to the world of phoneticians. The world is said to be an embodiment of fire. It may be considered to be the essence of all things. From a physiological point of view fire is the vital force which animates all living beings and accounts for the activity of all physical mechanisms.

(iii) The important part for the production of speech sound is the life-breath or 鈥�辫谤腻峁嘺v膩yu鈥�. It gives rise to all kind of sounds. The navel region is generally considered to be the place where from air passes upwards till it reaches the speech-organs which are finally employed for the production of sound like 鈥� k 鈥�, 鈥�kh鈥� etc. This process of speech sound production is illustrated in figure 2.

Fig. 2-Internal cycle of sound production

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

叠丑腻峁Ｄ乸补谤颈肠肠丑别诲补, 64

[2]:

Paramalaghuma帽ju峁Ｄ�, p.23

[3]:

Ch膩ndogyopani峁�at, 1.3