Conceptual Study on Ashmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Conceptual Study on Ashmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Mayank Bishnoi
Associate Professor & H.O.D, Dept. of Rog Nidan Evam Vikriti Vigyan, Quadra Institute of Ayurveda, Roorkee, Haridwar
Himadri Arya
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rog Nidan Evam Vikriti Vigyan, Quadra Institute of Ayurveda, Roorkee, Haridwar
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Conceptual Study on Ashmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i6.1366
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ashmari is regarded as a significant health concern within the context of Mutravaha Srotas, or the urinary system, manifesting due to improper kidney filtration. Known in modern terms as urolithiasis, Ashmari is linked with severe repercussions, often labeled as Astamahagada by Acharya Sushruta, signifying its potentially fatal nature. Estimates indicate that around 2-3% of the global population experiences this condition at some point in their lives, with its prevalence particularly pronounced in select geographic regions, including India and Southeast Asia. Factors such as lifestyle changes, dietary habits, and obesity contribute to a higher incidence of Ashmari, emphasizing the necessity for effective management and preventive strategies.
Etiology and Classification of Ashmari
Acharya Sushruta’s foundational studies on Ashmari provide insight into its etiological factors: the consumption of incompatible foods, excessive physical activity, and poor dietary habits all act as catalysts for the condition. In Ayurveda, Ashmari is classified into four types�Vatika, Paitika, Shlaishmika, and Shukraja—each delineating distinct characteristics and symptom presentations. For instance, Vatika Ashmari is associated with calcium oxalate stones that often lead to intense, colicky pain, while Paitika Ashmari corresponds to uric acid stones linked with inflammatory responses. This classification aids in recognizing and tailoring treatment approaches that align with the underlying doshic imbalances influencing stone formation.
The Role of Urolithiasis in Modern Medicine
Urolithiasis is a prevalent ailment directly correlated with lifestyle and dietary modifications noted in contemporary society. Characterized by the formation of urinary calculi, the condition is marked by excruciating renal colic, hematuria, and related symptoms. Modern studies detail various types of urinary stones, including calcium, struvite (mixed), uric acid, and cystine stones, each influenced by factors such as urine composition and environmental changes. Contemporary diagnostic techniques, notably non-contrast CT scans, have significantly improved the identification and management of renal stones compared to traditional methods reliant solely on clinical symptoms.
Conclusion
In summary, Ashmari poses a serious health challenge characterized by the formation of pathological stones within the urinary system, primarily linked to dietary and lifestyle choices. Although Ayurveda provides a robust framework for understanding its multifaceted nature—including classifications and treatment protocols—modern medicine enhances this perspective through advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities. Consequently, the synthesis of Ayurvedic principles with contemporary medical practices could foster improved management strategies and outcomes for individuals affected by urolithiasis, underscoring the interdependence of ancient wisdom and modern science in addressing persistent health issues.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Ashmari and how does it relate to urolithiasis?
Ashmari refers to the formation of stone-like structures in the urinary system, similar to urolithiasis or kidney stones. It causes severe pain due to improper filtration in the kidneys and is recognized in both Ayurveda and modern medicine.
What are the common symptoms of Ashmari?
Common symptoms of Ashmari include colicky pain (renal colic), hematuria (blood in urine), nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, fever. These symptoms arise as urinary calculi obstruct the urinary tract and can lead to further complications.
What factors contribute to the formation of Ashmari?
Factors such as high salt intake, low water consumption, excessive use of medications, and dietary changes contribute to the formation of Ashmari. Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in increasing the prevalence of kidney stones.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Conceptual Study on Ashmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ashmari (Asmari):
Ashmari refers to stone formations in the urinary system, known as renal calculi in modern medicine. These stones are made up of urinary salts combined with organic materials, causing severe pain and discomfort.
2) Disease:
Ashmari is classified as a disease of the urinary system, known for causing debilitating pain and potentially leading to severe complications if untreated.
3) Pain:
The pain from Ashmari can be excruciating, resembling colicky pain as the stones move through the ureter, manifesting as renal colic.
4) Srotas (Shrotas):
Mutravaha Srotas refers to the channels in the urinary system where Ashmari or stone formations occur, disrupting the proper flow and filtration of urine.
5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine that provides a holistic approach to diagnosing and treating Ashmari through diet, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies.
6) Basti:
Basti is an Ayurvedic treatment method involving enemas used for managing bladder stones, particularly in chronic cases of Ashmari.
7) Drug:
In Ayurveda, various herbal drugs like Pashanbheda and Shatavari are used to dissolve and treat small formations of Ashmari.
8) Food:
Dietary habits play a significant role in the formation of Ashmari; consuming incompatible foods (Viruddha Ahara) can aggravate the condition.
9) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the clinical features or symptoms of Ashmari, such as severe pain, dysuria, fever, and haematuria, which help in diagnosing the condition.
10) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara refers to an alkaline preparation in Ayurveda, used to dissolve Ashmari formations by altering the urinary pH and breaking down stones.
11) Kapha:
Kapha dosha plays a crucial role in the formation of Ashmari, as it contributes to the aggregation of urinary salts into solid stones.
12) India:
India is one of the geographic locations with a high prevalence of Ashmari due to dietary habits and environmental factors.
13) Medicine:
Both Ayurvedic and modern medicine provide various techniques to manage and treat Ashmari, ranging from herbal formulations to surgical interventions.
14) Vedana:
[see source text or glossary: Vedana]
15) Dosha (Dosa):
In Ayurveda, doshas are bio-energies governing the body; Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of Ashmari.
16) Mutra:
Mutra refers to urine, which becomes supersaturated, leading to the formation of Ashmari or urinary stones due to improper filtration and excretion.
17) Diet:
Diet plays a crucial role in managing and preventing Ashmari, with specific dietary adjustments recommended to avoid stone formation.
18) Vomiting:
Vomiting is one of the symptoms of Ashmari as the body reacts to the severe pain and blockage caused by the kidney stones.
19) Shukra (Sukra):
[see source text or glossary: Shukra]
20) Nausea:
Nausea is commonly experienced by patients suffering from Ashmari due to the intense pain and sometimes due to associated urinary infections.
21) Animal:
[see source text or glossary: Animal]
22) Sanga (Samga, Shanga, Shamga):
Sanga refers to obstruction or blockage in Ayurvedic terms, which is a key feature of Ashmari when the stones obstruct urinary flow.
23) Fever:
Fever can occur as a symptom of Ashmari, indicating an infection or inflammation in the urinary tract due to stone obstruction.
24) Vata:
Vata dosha is involved in the pathogenesis of Ashmari by drying up the urine and facilitating stone formation.
25) Arya:
Himadri Arya is one of the authors of the conceptual study on Ashmari, focusing on the Ayurvedic perspective of urolithiasis.
26) Salt (Salty):
High salt intake is a dietary factor contributing to the formation of Ashmari, as it can increase urinary calcium excretion and stone risk.
27) Shatavari (Satavari):
Shatavari is an Ayurvedic herb used in the treatment of Vataja Ashmari due to its therapeutic properties that help in dissolving stones.
28) Punarnava (Punar-nava):
Punarnava is another herbal remedy used in Ayurveda for treating Ashmari; it helps in breaking down and flushing out urinary stones.
29) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or development process of Ashmari in Ayurveda, including the involvement of doshas and the urinary system.
30) Substance:
Stones in Ashmari are composed of precipitated substances, such as calcium oxalate and uric acid, forming solid concretions in the urine.
31) Splitting:
Splitting relates to the role of urea-splitting bacteria in the formation of struvite stones, a type of Ashmari induced by infection.
32) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the combined effect of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha doshas in the formation of Ashmari, leading to a complex pathogenesis.
33) Gokshura (Goksura, Go-kshura):
Gokshura is an Ayurvedic herb used for treating Vataja Ashmari due to its lithotriptic properties, helping to dissolve and expel stones.
34) Shirisha (Sirisa, Shirisa, Sirisha):
Shirisha is another herb mentioned in Ayurveda for preparing Kshara, which is used to dissolve and manage Ashmari effectively.
35) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga Hridaya is an Ayurvedic text which mentions Mutravarodha as an important etiology of Ashmari, highlighting lifestyle and dietary factors.
36) Samhita:
Sushruta Samhita is a classical Ayurvedic text that extensively describes the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments of Ashmari.
37) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja Ashmari refers to stones formed under the influence of Kapha dosha; these stones are usually large and cause dull pain.
38) Asadhya:
Asadhya in Ayurveda means difficult to cure; some forms of Ashmari are considered Asadhya due to their chronic and severe nature.
39) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja Ashmari is linked with hyperuricosuria and hyperconcentration of fluids, and is often correlated with uric acid stones in modern medicine.
40) Sadhya:
Sadhya refers to conditions that are manageable or treatable; newly formed Ashmari can be addressed through medicinal treatments in Ayurveda.
41) Yavagu:
Yavagu is a form of medicinal preparation in Ayurveda, often used in the treatment of Ashmari to help dissolve urinary stones.
42) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja Ashmari is associated with the Vata dosha and results in severe, colicky pain; it is often compared to calcium oxalate stones in modern terms.
43) Vatika:
[see source text or glossary: Vatika]
44) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi is a Sanskrit term for disease; Ashmari is considered a Vyadhi of the urinary system in Ayurveda, requiring timely intervention.
45) Family:
[see source text or glossary: Family]
46) Ashrama (Asrama):
[see source text or glossary: Ashram]
47) Pitta:
Pitta dosha's involvement in Ashmari includes its role in increasing body heat and acidity, which contribute to stone formation.
48) Nabhi:
Pain radiating from the Nabhi (navel) region is a common symptom of Ashmari, reflecting the discomfort caused by renal stones.
49) Varna:
[see source text or glossary: Varna]
50) Asma (Ashma):
Ashma in Sanskrit translates to stone, and forms the root word for Ashmari, emphasizing its stone-like nature in the urinary system.
51) Stana:
[see source text or glossary: Stana]
52) Death:
Ashmari is considered fatal if left untreated, especially when classified as one of the Ashta-Mahagada in Ayurveda due to its severe complications.
53) Genetic defect:
[see source text or glossary: Genetic defect]
54) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
[see source text or glossary: Sushruta-samhita]
55) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga-hridaya]
56) Samavayikarana (Samavayin-karana):
[see source text or glossary: Samavayikarana]
57) Viruddhahara (Viruddha-ahara):
Viruddha-ahara means incompatible foods in Ayurveda; consuming such foods can lead to the aggravation of doshas and formation of Ashmari.
58) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation from liquid to solid urine due to factors like pH and concentration results in the formation of Ashmari in the urinary tract.
59) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy can predispose patients to developing uric acid stones, a type of Ashmari, due to increased uric acid levels in the urine.
60) Inflammation:
Inflammation, such as in the case of urinary tract infections, can contribute to the formation and aggravation of Ashmari.
61) Adhyashana (Adhyasana):
Adhyashana, or frequent eating, is listed in Ayurveda as a cause of Ashmari, leading to an imbalance of doshas and stone formation.
62) Jatharagni (Jathara-agni):
Jatharagni, the digestive fire in Ayurveda, if weakened, can contribute to improper digestion and absorption, leading to Ashmari.
63) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Ashmari is classified as Tridoshaja, involving all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), making it a complex condition to treat.
64) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
65) Kantakari (Kamtakari):
[see source text or glossary: Kantakari]
66) Ushnavata (Usnavata, Ushna-vata):
[see source text or glossary: Ushnavata]
67) Samasana (Samashana):
Samashana, or combining compatible and non-compatible foods, is a causative factor for Ashmari, leading to dosha imbalances.
68) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha refers to medicinal treatments in Ayurveda used to dissolve and manage Ashmari, including herbal formulations and therapies.
69) Shyonaka (Syonaka):
[see source text or glossary: Shyonaka]
70) Pradhana:
[see source text or glossary: Pradhana]
71) Varunadi (Varuna-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Varunadi]
72) Amasaya (Amashaya, Ama-ashaya):
[see source text or glossary: Amashaya]
73) Swelling:
Swelling can be a symptom of Ashmari, often due to the blockage and infection caused by the stones in the urinary system.
74) Language:
[see source text or glossary: Language]
75) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra Chikitsa refers to surgical intervention in Ayurveda, considered the ultimate treatment for chronic or large Ashmari.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 119]
Other Science Concepts:
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Samasana, Adhyashana, Viruddhahara, Ashmari, Shastrachikitsa, Surgical treatment, Colicky pain, Vataja Ashmari, Pittaja Ashmari, Kaphaja Ashmari, Body mass index, Urolithiasis, Acharya Sushruta, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, Basti Chikitsa, Kshara chikitsa, Urinary tract infection, End-stage renal failure, Mutravaha srota, Cystine stones, Aushadha chikitsa, Renal colic, Astamahagada, Calcium Stone, Uric Acid Stone, Dietary change, Imaging technique.