Ayurvedic review on hridroga and management of heart disease.
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Ayurvedic review on diagnosis and management of hridroga with the special reference to cardiovascular disease
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Deepti Sharma
P.G.Scholar, Final Year, P.G. Dept. of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
Udai Raj Saroj
Associate Professor, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
Abhishek Upadhyay
Lecturer, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
Binod Kumar Singh
Ph.D.Scholar, P.G.Dept. of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Ayurvedic review on diagnosis and management of hridroga with the special reference to cardiovascular disease
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i3.570
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the Ayurvedic perspectives on the diagnosis and management of Hridroga, commonly understood as cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to the ancient texts, particularly those of Acharya Sushruta, the manifestation of Hridroga involves the vitiation of the body’s Doshas, particularly affecting the Rasa Dhatu (body lymph/chyle) in the heart, leading to various forms of pain and discomfort known as Hridbadha. CVD, today a leading cause of mortality globally, results in approximately 17.3 million deaths annually, a figure that is projected to rise significantly. Therefore, there is a pressing need to integrate Ayurvedic insights with modern medical correlations to address this health crisis.
The Importance of Diet and Lifestyle in Hridroga
One pivotal concept in the prevention and management of Hridroga is the significant role of dietary and lifestyle factors, termed Aharaj and Viharaja Nidana, respectively. Poor dietary habits, such as excessive intake of astringent and pungent foods, coupled with the consumption of incompatible food combinations (Viruddha Bhojana), lead to the vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas, which are fundamental in the pathology of heart diseases. Additionally, lifestyle choices, including lack of exercise and high-stress levels, significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk. Ayurvedic wisdom emphasizes that adopting a harmonious diet combined with physical well-being can mitigate these risks and may avert the onset of heart disease.
The Role of Ayurvedic Treatments
Ayurveda offers various therapeutic approaches for managing Hridroga, focusing on remedies that promote heart health. The article elaborates on the concept of Hridya—the substances beneficial for the heart—and outlines several herbal formulations that possess therapeutic properties such as Pachana, Deepana, and Rasayana. These treatments aim to support heart function by restoring balance, improving circulation, and addressing underlying issues such as blockages or imbalances caused by improper dietary practices and lifestyle choices. The integration of Ayurvedic treatment principles, including detoxification methods like Vamana (emesis therapy) and Virechana (purgation), underlines the holistic approach of Ayurveda in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion
In summary, the article highlights the crucial intersection of Ayurveda and modern medicine in understanding and addressing cardiovascular diseases. The delineation of causes related to diet, lifestyle, and emotional stress is pivotal in the Ayurvedic framework, which provides not just symptomatic relief but also promotes preventive strategies. By utilizing Ayurvedic principles alongside modern health practices, a comprehensive approach to managing Hridroga can be established, ultimately contributing to improved heart health and overall well-being. The harmonization of these ancient insights with contemporary findings lays a foundation for effective cardiovascular care.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Hridroga and its significance in cardiovascular diseases?
Hridroga refers to heart diseases in Ayurveda. It signifies the vitiation of Doshas, affecting Rasa Dhatu (body lymph/chyle), and leads to various heart ailments, paralleling modern cardiovascular diseases that result in millions of deaths globally.
What are the main causes of Hridroga as per Ayurveda?
The main causes of Hridroga include improper diet, excessive intake of Kshar and Lavana Rasa, lifestyle factors such as Vegadharna and Chinta, and emotional stress like Krodha, which all contribute to heart health deterioration.
How can Ayurveda treat Hridroga effectively?
Ayurvedic treatment for Hridroga focuses on dietary modifications, using Hridya substances that promote heart health, and therapies like Vamana and Virechana Karma. These strategies aim to alleviate vitiated Doshas and improve overall cardiovascular function.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurvedic review on hridroga and management of heart disease.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Hridroga (Hrdroga, Hrid-roga):
Hridroga, often compared to heart disease or cardiovascular disease, involves multifactorial origins affecting the heart or Hridaya. Ayurveda treats it based on the vitiation of Doshas and Rasa Dhatu, correlating symptoms and management with modern cardiology.
2) Disease:
Disease signifies any ailment or condition that disrupts normal bodily functions. In the context of Hridroga, it represents cardiovascular diseases manifesting due to imbalances in Vata, Pitta, Kapha, and Rasa Dhatu.
3) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the essential fluid or lymph in the body, critical for nourishing tissues. Vitiation of Rasa Dhatu in Hridroga leads to symptomatic manifestations such as pain and discomfort in the heart.
4) Hridya (Hrdya):
Hridya means 'beneficial to the heart.' Hridya drugs and substances in Ayurveda promote heart health and are used to manage Hridroga by strengthening heart function.
5) Death:
Death represents the cessation of life. Cardiovascular disease or Hridroga is the leading cause of global death, accounting for millions of fatalities each year due to heart attack and stroke.
6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India, treating diseases through natural methods and holistic approaches. In managing Hridroga, Ayurveda employs dietary, lifestyle, and herbal remedies to balance Doshas and support heart health.
7) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya is the term for the heart in Ayurveda. It is considered a Marma (vital organ) and the seat of Prana (life force), and is essential for circulatory and respiratory functions.
8) Karma (Karman):
Karma in the context of Ayurveda refers to the therapies or actions taken to treat diseases. Various Karmas like Vamana, Virechana, and Basti are employed to manage Hridroga by eliminating Doshas and supporting heart function.
9) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda comprising air and ether. Imbalance in Vata can lead to conditions like Hridroga, causing symptoms like arrhythmia and hypertension.
10) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to functional principles in Ayurveda representing elements in the body: Vata (air, ether), Pitta (fire, water), and Kapha (water, earth). Imbalances in Doshas are critical in developing Hridroga.
11) Kapha:
Kapha is the Dosha associated with earth and water elements, responsible for stability and structure. Imbalance in Kapha can lead to Hridroga by causing blockages and excess mucus, correlating with conditions like atherosclerosis.
12) Food:
Food is considered essential for health in Ayurveda. Improper food habits contribute to Hridroga, highlighting the need for balanced and heart-healthy dietary practices to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases.
13) Diet:
Diet is an integral part of Ayurveda in maintaining health. Unbalanced diets, including excessive intake of salty and fatty foods, are etiological factors for Hridroga, affecting Dosha balance and heart health.
14) Drug:
Drug, in the Ayurvedic context, refers to herbal and natural substances used for therapeutic purposes. Hridya drugs are specific to Hridroga, enhancing heart health and correcting Dosha imbalances.
15) Lavana:
Lavana refers to salty substances. Excessive intake of Lavana Rasa can vitiate the Doshas, particularly Pitta and Kapha, contributing to Hridroga by increasing blood pressure and causing cardiac anomalies.
16) Dhatu:
Dhatu in Ayurveda refers to the seven fundamental tissues of the body. Rasa Dhatu is closely linked to the heart, and its vitiation can lead to Hridroga, manifesting as various cardiovascular symptoms.
17) Blood:
Blood, or Rakta Dhatu, is crucial for circulatory health. Disorders in blood flow or quality highly impact cardiovascular conditions like Hridroga, where vitiation in Rasa can lead to blood-related symptoms.
18) Pain:
Pain or Ruja in Hridroga can manifest as chest pain or discomfort due to vitiation of the Doshas and imbalance in the Rasa Dhatu, correlating to conditions like angina or myocardial infarction.
19) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasadhatu is the first of the seven Dhatus in Ayurveda, responsible for nutrition and circulation. Its vitiation directly impacts heart health, contributing to Hridroga by impairing nutrient delivery to tissues.
20) Medicine:
Medicine in Ayurveda includes various herbal formulations and practices aimed at correcting Dosha imbalances. In Hridroga, medicines like Hridya Aushdha and Rasayana support heart health and manage symptoms.
21) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its nourishing properties. Formulations like Arjuna Ghrita are used specifically for treating Hridroga due to their beneficial effects on heart health.
22) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causative factors of a disease. In Hridroga, Nidana includes dietary, lifestyle, and mental factors such as improper diet, excessive stress, and unhealthy habits that lead to cardiovascular diseases.
23) Marma:
Marma are vital points or organs in the body, with Hridaya (heart) being one of the most crucial Marma. Injury or imbalance in this Marma, as seen in Hridroga, can lead to serious health implications.
24) Basti:
Basti is an Ayurvedic enema therapy used to balance Vata Dosha. In the management of Hridroga, Basti, particularly Taila Basti, is beneficial for conditions associated with Vata and supporting overall heart health.
25) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
[see source text or glossary: Purvarupa]
26) Vaivarṇya (Vaivarnya, Vaivanrya):
Vaivarnya refers to discoloration of the skin or body. In Hridroga, this can be correlated with pallor or cyanosis, indicating poor blood circulation and oxygenation linked to heart diseases.
27) Lakshana (Laksana):
[see source text or glossary: Lakshana]
28) Bhojana:
Bhojana, or food intake, is a significant factor in Ayurveda. Improper Bhojana such as Viruddha Bhojana can lead to the development of Hridroga by creating Dosha imbalances and affecting the Rasa Dhatu.
29) Murccha:
Murccha or syncope refers to fainting or loss of consciousness. It is a symptom of Hridroga resulting from inadequate blood flow to the brain, which may be due to severe cardiovascular conditions.
30) Chinta:
Chinta means excessive worry or anxiety. In Ayurveda, Chinta is a significant Manasika Nidana (mental factor) contributing to Hridroga, as stress adversely affects heart health and can trigger cardiovascular events.
31) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Dr. Deepti Sharma is the corresponding author of the reviewed article on Hridroga, highlighting the contribution of Ayurvedic treatments in the management of cardiovascular diseases based on the text provided.
32) Pitta:
Pitta is the Dosha associated with fire and water in Ayurveda, governing metabolism and transformation. Pitta imbalance, particularly due to improper diet or stress, can contribute to Hridroga, leading to inflammatory conditions in the heart.
33) Ahara:
Ahara signifies food or diet in Ayurveda. A balanced Ahara supports overall health, while improper Ahara can lead to diseases such as Hridroga by disturbing the equilibrium of Doshas and affecting heart health.
34) Ruja:
Ruja signifies pain in Ayurveda. In the context of Hridroga, Ruja manifests as chest pain or discomfort indicative of heart conditions such as angina or myocardial ischemia.
35) Kasa (Kasha):
Kasa refers to cough, which can be associated with Hridroga. In cardiovascular diseases, Kasa may present with or without hemoptysis due to congestive heart failure or other complications affecting the lungs.
36) Bastikarman (Bastikarma, Basti-karman, Basti-karma):
[see source text or glossary: Basti-karma]
37) Agnimandya (Agni-mandya, Agnimamdya):
Agnimandhya means weakened digestive fire in Ayurveda, leading to improper digestion and formation of Ama (toxins). Agnimandhya is a contributing factor in Hridroga, causing atherosclerotic plaque buildup and affecting heart health.
38) Samanavayu (Samana-vayu):
[see source text or glossary: Samanavayu]
39) Anulomana:
Anulomana refers to the downward movement of Doshas, particularly Vata, promoting proper elimination and digestion. In Hridroga, Anulomana therapies help regulate Vata and maintain heart health.
40) Krimihara (Krmihara, Krimi-hara):
Krimihara refers to the property of eliminating parasites or worms. In the context of Hridroga, some treatments like Virechana are used to remove Krimis (pathogens) that may contribute to cardiovascular diseases.
41) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or disruption of Doshas. In Hridroga, vitiation of Doshas like Vata, Pitta, and Kapha and Rasa Dhatu leads to various cardiovascular symptoms and conditions.
42) Haritaki:
Haritaki is an Ayurvedic herb known for its numerous medicinal properties. It is used in the management of Hridroga for its cleansing and balancing effects on the Doshas, particularly in cases of digestive issues contributing to heart disease.
43) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenating therapies or substances in Ayurveda. Rasayana treatments aim to enhance vitality and longevity, and they play a critical role in preventing and managing Hridroga by improving overall cardiovascular health.
44) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti refers to an individual's constitution, determined by the balance of Doshas. Prakriti analysis helps in understanding one's vulnerability to Hridroga and in devising personalized preventive and therapeutic measures.
45) Sharkara (Sarkara):
[see source text or glossary: Sharkara]
46) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a symptom that can be associated with certain types of Hridroga. In cardiovascular conditions, vomiting may occur due to acute myocardial infarction or severe congestive heart failure [see source text or glossary: Vomiting].
47) Samanya:
[see source text or glossary: Samanya]
48) Kaphaja:
[see source text or glossary: Kaphaja]
49) Panduta:
Panduta refers to pallor or paleness of the skin, indicative of anemia or poor blood circulation. It is one of the symptoms seen in Hridroga, directly correlating to the cardiovascular health issues described in the text.
50) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Pittaja]
51) Arjuna:
Arjuna is an Ayurvedic herb widely used for cardiovascular health. It is recommended in the treatment of Hridroga for its ability to strengthen the heart muscles, reduce arterial plaque, and improve overall heart function.
52) Rasona:
[see source text or glossary: Rasona]
53) Vamana:
Vamana is a therapeutic emesis procedure in Ayurveda, particularly indicated for Kapha-related disorders. It is used in the management of Kaphaja Hridroga to expel excess Doshas and toxins, supporting heart health.
54) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas refers to the channels or pathways in the body for the circulation of various substances. Proper functioning of Srotas, particularly Rasavahasrotas and Pranavahasrotas, is crucial in preventing and managing Hridroga.
55) Jaipur:
Jaipur is the location of the National Institute of Ayurveda where the authors of the article on Hridroga conducted their research, emphasizing the significance of Ayurvedic education and research in India [see source text or glossary: Jaipur].
56) Esana (Eshana):
[see source text or glossary: Eshana]
57) Shyava (Syava):
[see source text or glossary: Shyava]
58) Cancer:
Cancer represents a significant health burden similar to Hridroga. Unhealthy diets and an imbalance of Doshas contribute to both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, stressing the importance of preventive measures in Ayurveda [see source text or glossary: Cancer].
59) Taila (Thaila):
[see source text or glossary: Taila]
60) Hingu (Himgu):
Hingu, or Asafoetida, is used in Ayurvedic medicine for its digestive and antispasmodic properties. It is included in treatments for Hridroga to alleviate symptoms such as chest pain and to support cardiac health.
61) Fever:
Fever, or Jwara, can be a secondary symptom in Hridroga, particularly in cases of myocardial infarction or other inflammatory conditions of the heart, reflecting an elevated body temperature due to muscle necrosis.
62) Prana (Pran):
Prana is the life force or vital energy governing all bodily functions in Ayurveda. Hridaya, being the seat of Prana, plays a pivotal role, and its disturbance as seen in Hridroga can disrupt overall wellbeing.
63) Agni:
Agni represents digestive fire in Ayurveda, crucial for metabolism and transformation. Agnimandhya, or impaired Agni, can lead to Hridroga by producing Ama and affecting the heart's health and functionality.
64) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica (mango) leaves have shown cardioprotective properties in studies, reducing enzyme levels indicating heart damage. They are used in Ayurveda to support heart health in Hridroga management [see source text or glossary: Mangifera indica].
65) Punica granatum:
Punica granatum (pomegranate) is rich in antioxidants and used in Ayurveda for its cardioprotective effects. It helps prevent LDL cholesterol oxidation, a factor in Hridroga, and supports overall heart health.
66) Rasavahasrotas (Rasavaha-srotas):
Rasavahasrotas are the channels responsible for circulating Rasa Dhatu. Dysfunction of these channels can lead to Hridroga by affecting the distribution and quality of circulatory fluids, impacting heart health.
67) Sadhakapitta (Sadhaka-pitta):
Sadhakapitta is a sub-type of Pitta located in the heart, responsible for emotions and cognitive functions. Its vitiation can lead to Hridroga, affecting mental and physical heart health [see source text or glossary: Sadhakapitta].
68) Tastelessness:
Tastelessness or Asyavairasya can be a symptom of Hridroga. In Ayurveda, it signifies digestive disturbances and Dosha imbalances affecting overall health, including cardiovascular function.
69) Kaphotklesha (Kaphotklesa):
[see source text or glossary: Kaphotklesha]
70) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition, stemming from low calorie and unbalanced diets, leads to deficiency diseases affecting heart health. In Ayurveda, this contributes to Hridroga by worsening Dosha imbalances and weakening cardiac function.
71) Pittadosha (Pittadosa, Pitta-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Pitta-dosha]
72) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Kapha-dosha]
73) Lavanarasa (Lavana-rasa):
[see source text or glossary: Lavanarasa]
74) Vyanavayu (Vyana-vayu):
[see source text or glossary: Vyanavayu]
75) Raktadhatu (Rakta-dhatu):
[see source text or glossary: Raktadhatu]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 171]
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