Sankalpa Suryodaya of Venkatanatha (Critical Study)
by R. Laxmi | 1998 | 94,004 words
This is an English study of the Sankalpa Suryodaya—an allegorical Sanskrit drama by Venkatanatha, a distinguished philosopher-poet and dramatist of the Vishishtadvaita Vedanta tradition. This work of Venkata-natha (or, Vedanta Deshika). stands out for integrating allegory to convey moral and philosophical truths. The thesis examines its place in Sa...
Delineation of Raudrarasa or Furious Sentiment
Raudrarasa is usually developed in the battle scene. Krodha or Anger is its Sthayibhava; Redness is its colour and Raudra is the deity of this sentiment. enemy is the Alambana-Vibhava and the actions of the person like first fighting become Uddipanabhavas. Moreover, fist fighting making enemy to fall ground, deceitful actions, rushing to the battle-field etc. Then biting one's lips, clapping, sensuring, declaring one's own valour, holding a weapon etc. are Anubhavas. And Ugrata or Avega, Romancana, Sveda, Vepata, Mada etc. are Vyabhicaribhavas of Raudra sentiment.25 There are copious examples delineating this sentiment. For example; atighoracestitah khalvasavasesavidhvamsanatarsavanamarsah | S.S. VIII, p. 726 25. raudrah krodhasthayibhavo rakto rudradhidaivatah | alambanamaristatra taccestoddipanam matam || 227 || mustipraharapatana vikrtacchedavadaranesvaiva | samgramasambhramadyairasyodiptibhavet | praudha || 228 || bhruvibhangosthanirdesa bahusphotanatarjanah | atmavadanakathanamayudhotksenani ca || 226 || anubhavastathaksepakrurasamdarsanadayah | ugratavegaromancasvedavepathavo madah || 230 || mohamarsadayastatra bhava syuvyabhicarinah | Visvanatha, Sahitya Darpana, III - p.260-61
230 "Krodha's movements are dreadful and he seems to be thirsting for the destruction of everything without exception." api vairavaruthinimasesamapi sailanapi sagaranapi ksmam | grasitum prabhavatyatam pradiptah prathitah kopatanunapadanunah | S.S. VIII - 68, p.726 "This raging fire called Krodha is known to be very powerful and if roused, he will consume not only the entire army of his enemies but also all the mountains, the oceans and the earth itself." jighamsajaninanena sthiratrasamidam jagat | vadhyaghatakabhavena vibhajya viniyujyate || S.S. VIII - 69, p.726 "The world consisting of the moving and the unmoving, has, for his own purpose, been divided by Krodha, the husband of Jighamsa, into two classes, those that kill and those that are killed." karacarananakharadantaprabhrtikamapi jagati sahajamitaradapi | pratighasubhatasya visvam praharanamathava vihartumupakaranam II S.S. VIII - 70, p. 726 "To this warrior striking against his enemies, all things in the world - those that were born with him like hands, feet, nails, teeth and the like, as well as others like stones, swords and the like serve as weapons or, shall I say, as playthings." Here, anger Krodha is Sthayibhava; his enemy foe i.e. Ksanti is Alambana; and his action of burning enemies in the fire of his anger is Uddipanabhava; Krodha's holding the inborn weapons like his nails, teeth etc. is Anubhava; and Krodha's drastic actions against enemies is Vyabhicaribhava of Raudra sentiment. Thus these are apt examples illustrating the existence of Raudrarasa.