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A. DEVALA AN ANCIENT REPUTED SAGE - 13 INTRODUCTORY : Devala is one of the most famous personalities in the ancient Sanskrit literature. He is a renowned vedic seer & a highly celebrated sage, referred to in the Vedas, the smrtis, the Mahabharata & the Puranas. He is also referred to in the works on Dharmasastra, Jyotisa, Vedanta, Sankhya, Ayurveda etc. Here is an attempt to collect & study such references to Devala, in the literature mentioned above. The study of these references will not only throw light upon the antiquity of the sage, Devala, but also upon the historical background associated with him. In the present section (II.A), the available references to Devala, are classified & arranged in the chronological order & in the next section (II.B), the life, personality & activities of Devala, reflected in such references are dealt with. EXPLICIT REFERENCES TO DEVALA: (1) Numerous references are found in the above-mentioned Sanskrit literature, where Devala is explicitly mentioned¹. DEVALA'S ASSOCIATION WITH ASITA - A PROBLEM: There are several references, where Devala is associated with Asita. Here in such references, the problem arises whether, (1) Asita is identical with Devala & is one personality only, or {

14 (2) Asita & Devala are two distinct personages. Hence to make clear the nature of this problem, & to suggest a probable solution of it, the references, where Devala is associated with Asita are arranged in three separate groups: (1) (Group B) where Asiata Devala is one personality, (2) (Group C) where Asita & Devala are distinct sages & (3) (Group D) References, that are ambiguous (1) DEVALA, IDENTICAL WITH AS ITA & AS ITA DEVALA : 2 In these references ², the terms, Asita, Asita Devala & Devala are freely used to denote an identical personality. (2) ASITA & DEVALA TWO DISTINCT SAGES: Here at some places³, the terms Asita & Devala are clearly employed with reference to two different seers or sages. (3) AMBIGUOUS REFERENCES: The term Asita Devala is also ambiguously mentioned at some places 4, where it is not clear whether the term stands for one sage only or two distinct sages. OPINIONS OF SCHOLARS ABOUT THE PROBLEM : Pandita Udayavira Shastri maintains the view 5 of the identity of Asita & Devala, on the strength of some references from the Mahabharata. i mei } 1 { } =

Dr.Rama Suresh Pandey 6 has also dealt with this problem. He 15 examines some references from the Mahabharata & the Puranas & opines that it is difficult to arrive at any definite conclusion regarding the relation of Asita & Devala; as there are quite contradictory descriptions. They can be at the most reconciled on the basis of some imagined principle, but the places of identity (between Asita & Devala), are beyond all explanation. 鈻� REMARKS: The partial & one-sided view of Pandita. Udayavira Shastri is quite unacceptable, as there are numerious references, where Asita & Devala are treated clearly as two distinct sages. The balanced view of Dr. Pandey is reasonable, but is inconclusive & hence unacceptable. EVIDENCE OF SRAUTASUTRAS : The Srautasutrakaras³, however, do not seem to have felt any such problem about their identity or difference. All of them, have undoubtedly declared Asita & Devala, as two different seers. They have maintained a long standing tradition of understanding Asita & Devala as two distinct Pravara seers, belonging to the Sandilya group (avantaragana) of the kasyapa school (gana) Almost all the writers on Dharmasastra have followed the same tradition. Such a long unbroken tradition, coming from the ancient sutrakaras, down to the latest Nibandhakaras, should not be ignored This tradition, maintained by the Vaidikas, in an oral manner, through the sutras of various recensions asions , is very authentic, kalpana's

16 reliable, & conclusive. Moreover, it is also supported by the references in 'Group C', referred to previously. Hence, Asita & dist Devala are two distinct seers. It must be noted here that the srautasutras have incorporated two traditions, regarding the relation of Asita & Devala. The two orders, (as Asita-Daivala & Daivala-Asita) in which they are mentioned, indicate that Devala was both a predecessor & a successor of Asita. This chronology is also supported by the following evidences. 9 10 (1) The phrase 'Asita Daivalah' occurring in the Tandya Mahabrahmana is interpreted by Sayana, in his commentary on the same. According to him , Daivalah means the son of Devala & he is Asita by name. Hence the phrase 'Asito Daivalah' refers to the seer Asita, who is the son of Devala. Thus Asita was a son of Devala. 嘟�, - 嘟�- 嘟�, 嘟ㄠ剑嘟ㄠ建嘟⑧綎嘟︵紜 嘟栢剑嗉嬥綐嘟� 11 (2) The Puranas also record a tradition that Devala was a son of Asita. Hence the phrase 'Asito Daivalah' refers to the seer Asita, the son of Devala. The term 'Daivalah' is an adjective of Asita in such cases. But in the phrase, 'Asito-Devalah' the term Asita is used as an adjective of Devala; as he was the son 12 of Asita The Mahabharata & the Puranas also describe Devala to be the son of Pratyusa & others. Hence to distinguish Devala, the son of Asita, from Devala, the son of Pratyusa & others, he was specifically mentioned as Asita Devala. kalpana's

11 1 " # dan 拢 The whole problem about identity & difference, between Asita & Devala, can be solved in the above manner. Thus Devala was an ancient reputed sage, who was evidently distinct from Asita. 17 } f I 嗉� * 1 } J 1

ajty 1. REFERENCES Group A (References to Devala) 18 I. The Vedic Literature VS.2/17-seer of this Mantra (Cf. Sukla Yajurveda, (Satvalekar edition), Rsisucih on p. p.204) Cf.also 'Yam paridhim devala agneyim tristubham 鈥� viradrupam yajurantamgneh priyam yajuh' - Sarvanukramasutra 1.7 II. The Smrtis Cf. Part I, Sect. I, Chapter II. C for some references from Smrtis & Smrti Literature. III. The Mahabharata - 1. Pratyusasya viduh putramrsim namna'tha devalam/ Dvau putrau devalasyapi ks amavantau manisinau// -Adi. 66/26 (Critical edition 1/60/25) -Harivansa 3/44 (Critical edition 3/37) 2. Yaviyan devalas aiva vane bharata tapasyati/ Adi.182/2a, (Critical edition 1/174/2). 3. Trini jyotimsi purusa iti vai devalo 'bravit/ Kalpane's Sabha. 75/5a (Critical edition 2/64/5a) 4. Dvaipayano naradasca devalasca mahanrsih/ -Santi. 1/4a (Critical edition 12/1/4a).

19 5. (a) Devalo nama viprarsih sarvas as rarthakovidah/ (b) Anekamunayo rajan samprapta devalasramam, (c) Kanyartham Devalam capi sighram tatragato'bhavat/ (d) Yathanyayam ca sampujya devalah pratyabhas ata/ (e) Tadvijnaya pita tasya devalo munisattamah/ (f) Devala uvaca // (g) Ityuktva pradadau tasmai devalo munipungavah// -Santi.220 (Cr.Ed. 12/App. 19/48-130) 6. Devalah kasyapascaiva hastikasyapa eva ca/ -Anu. 139/116(Critical edition 13/126/11b) 7. Svetaketuh kohalasca vipulo Devalastatha/ -Anu. 165/456 (Critical edition 13/151/138a) 8. Vidito me sudurdharsa naradat devalattatha/ -Asva. 52/15 (Critical edition 14/51/15a) 9. Naradah parvatascaiva devalasca mahatapah/ - Asra. 21/1b (Critical edition 15/26/1) 10. -do- -Asra. 29/9a (Critical edition 15/36/9a) 11. Adhahsirah sarpamali maharsih sa hi devalah -Udyoga.83/65 (Critical edition 5/388*/3) IV. The Puranas kopera's 1. Pratyusad devalo jajne -Agnipurana 18.40 2. Devalo bhagavan yogi pratyusas yabhavat sutah/ -Kurma Parana Purva. 16/16a

Koloane's Timing Bar Mannabis ka takana je za stanon prepare time w 1 3. Pratyusasya rsih putro vibhurnamna'tha devalah - - Matsya Purana 5/27 20 4. Purojavascanilasya pratyus asya tu devalah/ Matsya Purana 203/7 5. Pratyusasya viduh putramrsim namna ca devalam/ dvau putrau devalasyapi ks amavant au manis inau/ -Brahmanda Purana (Venk. ed.) 3/3/27, V.P.Vol. II, 5/26, Vishnupurana 1/15/117 6. Sreyah param manusyanam devala'dgitamiritam/ -Agnipurana 382/9b D 7. Medhatithirdevala arstiseno bhardvajo gautamah pippaladah -Bhagavata-purana I/19/10a 8. Saubharyutankas ibidevalapippaladas aras vatoddhavaparasarabhurisenah/ -Bhagavata-purana 2/7/45a 9. Dhis anayam vedasiro devalam vayunam manum/ -Bhagavata-purana 6/6/206 10. Srutam dvaipayanamukhat naradad devaladapi/ -Bhagavata-purana 6/14/9b 11. Mukto devalas apena huhurgandharvas attamah/ -Bhagavata-purana 8/4/3 b 12. Kapilopantaratamo devalo dharma asurih/ 13. Devala yamadutasca salankayanabas kalah/ -Bhagavata-purana 9/4/57b -Brahmanda Purana 2/3/66/72b aa

kalpana's 14. Vijayam rocanam caiva vardhamanam ca devalam/ - Brahmanda Purana 2/3/71/182b 15. Sesamamsam vijaniyad devalsya matam yatha/ - Garuda Parana 1/46/26b 16. Purvamukham tu tallingam devalena pratisthitam/ Lingapurana 11 quoted in Krtyakalpataru Tirthakanda P. 92 17. Tasya..... 'bhavad bharya devalasyatmaja subha/ Matsya Purana 20/26a 18. Vijayam romamanam ca vardhamanam tu devalam - Matsya Purana 46/17a 19. Devagarbham ca hotaramagnidhram caiva devalam Padmapurana Srsti. 34/14 20. Usijo brhadukthyasca devalah kavireva ca/ V. P. Vol. I, 23/192 21. " .Tasya ca pariyatrakah pariyatrakad devalo devalad vaccalah/ Vs n. P.4/4/106. 21 W. The works on Sankhya, Vedanta & Dharmasastra : 1. Sisyaparamparayagatamiti/ Kapiladasurina praptamidam jnanam tatah pancasikhena, tasmad bhargavolukavalmikiharita devalaprabhrtinagatam/ Tatastebhya isvarakrsne na praptam/ Mathara-Vntti, on Sankhyakarika 71,p.84 2. (a) Devalaprabhrtibhisca kaiscid dharmasutrakaraih svagranthesvasritah/ Brihaspati Smriti S. 1/4/28

; } t 22 1 (b).... Pradhanakaranavadah sistairdevaladibhih satkaryatvam sena svikrta iti prbalatvadupades an/ Ratnaprabha on Brihaspati Smriti S.2/1/4/12 (c) Devalaprabhrtayah sistah/ F Anandagiriyavyakhya on Brihaspati Smriti S. 2/1/4/12 3. The works on Dharmasastra contain numerous references, along with profuse quotations of Devala (cf. Part I, Sect. II, & Part II) 2) Group B (References to Asita-Devala) I. The Vedic Literature 1. Atha yamiretabhirva asitaya devalayeme loka arvancasca parancas ca prabhuh/ ncasca - Kathaka-samhita 22/11 2. Atha yamih/ Etabhirva asitaya daivalayeme lokah arvancasca parancasca prabhuh/ Kapisthala Katha Samhita 35/5 3. (a) Praini saumahito madhucchanda vaisvamitro'sito daivalo ya u canye tasya hantikam didiksate/ fi ' 嗉� 1 f Jaiminiya Brahmana 3/270 notes Devala as variant i for Daivala (b) Atha hasita'daivala uvacaitam evaham camasam avaksa iti/ -te// .yad va asito daivalo 'pasyat, tasmad asitamityakhyaya Jaiminiya Brahmana 3/271

(c) Asitam bhavati //8// Asito va etena daivalastrayanam lokanam drstimapasyat/ Trayanam kamanamavarudhya asitam kriyate/ Tandya-mahabrahmana XIV/11/18-19 23 (d)'Adityam garbham' (Kathaka-samhita 240/10, Maitrayani Samhita 2/10/17/1) ityasitasya devalasya yavisthasya cagneh// Caraniyamantrars adhyaya p.ll, line 11 II. The Mahabharata : 1. Naradosravayad devan asito devalah pitrn/ Adi. P.1/107b (Critical edition I/1/64) 2. Naradam ca puraskrtya devalam casitam munim/ Critical edition Sabha. P. 53/10b/2/49/10b) 3. Evamahayamasito devalo munisattamah/ Sabha. P. 59/9a (Critical edition 2/53/6a) 4. Srastaram sarvalokanamasito devalo 'bravit/ 1 Vana. 12/50b (Critical edition 3/13/43b.) 5. Devastvats ambhavas caiva devalasvasito'bhavit/ Bhisma. 68/76 (Critical edition 6/64/6b) i 1 6. Asito devalascaiva tasminneva mahatapah/ - Salya. 49/24a (Critical edition 9/48/23a) Garbasthyam dharmamasthaya hyasito devalah pura/ Salya. 50/1b (Critical edition 9/49/lb) Devalasyasrame raja nyavasat sa mahadyutih/ Salya. 50/6b (Critical edition 9/49/6a) Devalo darsayanneva naivayunjata dharmatah/ Salya. 50/8a (Critical edition 9/49/7b) Jaigisavyam munivaram na dadarsatha devalah/ Salya 50/9a. (Critical edition 9/49/8b) }

24 "嗉嬥健嘟勦紜 嘟栢絸嘟�&#?*w鈥� ' Upatisthata dharmajno bhaiksakale sa devalam/ Salya. 50/10a(Critical edition 9/49/9b) Devalastu yathas akti pujayamasa bharata/ - Salya. 50/11b (Critical edition 9/49/11a) Kadacit tasya nrpate devalasya mahatmanah/ - - Salya. 50/12b (Critical edition 9/49/12a) Antariksacarah sriman kalasam grhya devalah Salya.50/15a (Critical edition 9/49/14b) Ityevam cintayamasa maharsirasitastada/ 1 Salya. 50/17b (Critical edition 9/49/17a) Asito devalo rajamscintayamas a buddhiman/ 鈫� Salya. 50/22b. (Critical edition 9/49/22a) Jijnasartham tada bhiksorajaigisavyasya devalah/ Salya. 50/25b (Critical edition 9/49/24b) Tato'sitah susamrabdho vyavasayi drdhavratah/ Apasyad vaidivam yantam jaigisavyam sa devalah Salya. 50/27 (Critical edition 9/49/26) Tesam lokesvapasyacca jaigisavyam sa devalah/ Tesam lokesvapasyao - - Salya. 50/36a,38a & 39a (Critical edition 9/49/34,36,37) Salokatamanupraptamapasyata tatositah/ Salya. 50/40a (Critical edition 9/49/38) Tani sarvanyatitani samapasyat tato'sitah Salya. 50/41a(Critical edition 9/49/39) Lokanapasyad gacchantam jaigisavyam tato'sitah/ Salya. 50/42a (Critical edition 9/49/40) * AS, VI kelpang's

25 Tato munivaram bhuyo jaigisavyamathasitah Salya. 50/43b (Critical edition 9/49/42a) So'cintayan mahabhago jaigisavyasya devalah/ Salya. 50/44b (Critical edition 9/49/43a) Asito 'prochata tada siddhamllokesu sattaman/ Salva. 50/45b (Critical edition 9/49/44a) Srnu devala bhutartham samsatam no drdhvrata/ 1 Salya. 50/47b (Critical edition 9/49/46a) Asito devalasturnamut papata papata ca/ (Critical edition 9/49/47b) tatah siddhasta ucurhi devalam punareva ha/ Salya. 50/49(Critical edition 9/49/48a) Na devala gatistatra tava gantum tapodhana/ Salya.50/50a (Critical edition 9/49/48b) Tesam tad vacanam srutva siddhanam devalah punah/ Salya. 50/51a (Critical edition 9/49/49a) Pravisanneva capasyajjaigisavyam sa devalah/ 1 Salya. 50/52b (Critical edition 9/49/50b) Tato buddhya vyaganayad devalo dharmayuktaya/ Salya. 50/53a (Critical edition 9/49/51a) Tato'bravin mahatmanam jaigisavyam sa devalah 1 Salya. 50/54a (Critical edition 9/49/52a) Devalastu vacah srutva bhutanam karunam tatha/ Salya. 50/58b (Critical edition 9/49/56a) Iti niscitya manasa devalo rajas attama/ Salya. 50/62b (Critical edition 9/49/60a) Evamadini sancintya devalo niscayat tatah/ Salya. 50/63b (Critical edition 9/49/61a) ** kalpa's

kalpana's I 26 Jaigisavyam tapo nasti vismapayati yo'sitam Salya. 50/66b (Critical edition 9/49/63b) Evam prabhavodharmatma jaigis avyastathasitah - Salya. 50/68b 8. Jaigisavyasya samvadamasitasya ca bharata/ Santi. 229/3b (Cr .ed. 12/222/3b) Akrudhyant amahrs yantamasito devalo'bravit/ Santi.229/4b(Critical edition 12/222/4b) Devala Uvaca/ before verse 5 Santi.229/5 Nindatsu ca sama nityam prasam-satsu ca devala Santi.229/8a(Critical edition 12/222/8a) Samprapatanam ca pujyanam kamadarthesu devala/ - 9. Naradasya ca samvadam devalasyasitasya ca/ Santi.229/11a (Critical edition 12/222/11a) Santi.275/b (Critical edition 12/267/lb) Santi.275/2a (Critical edition 12/267/2a) Asinam devalam vrddham buddhva buddhimatam varam/ Asita Uvaca // i Santi. 275/before verse 4 (Critical edition 12/267/before 4) 10. Asito devalascaiva praha pandus utam nrpam/ La Anu. 18/17b (Critical edition 13/18/14a) 11. Asitasyaikaparna tu devasya mahatmanah/ Harivansa. 18/23a (Critical edition 13/22)

III The Puranas: " Aham yuganam ca krtam dhiranam devalo'sitah/ -Bhagavata-purana 11/16/28a T IV The works on Jyotisa : Numerous references & quotations of Devala are found in the works on Jyotisa. He is also referred to as Asita & Asitadevala. (Cf. Part I, Sect. I, Chapter II-II & Part I, Sect. II-IV, Devaloktam Jyotisam & Part II-IV (Sources & Variants of the same) 3) Group C : (References to Asita & Devala as separate persons) } I The Vedic Literature : 1. Rigveda Samhita - Seer of suktas 5 to 24 of 9th Mandala 27 # (Cf.Sarvanukrama in Rgvedas amhita, Vol. V, ed. by } Max Muller, p. 609. 2. VS.- Seer of Mantra 62 in Adhyaya 33. (Cf. Rsisucih www in Sukla Yajurveda, Vajasaneyi Samhita, Satvalekar edition pp.203-204, & Sarvanukramasutra- - Adhyaya 3, Su.21 - 'Upasmai saumim devalo'sito va') 3. S.V.-seer of the following mantras SINGE ! (A) Purvarcika (1) Agneyam Mantras-92,93; (2) Pavamaniyam mantras 475,476,485,486,502,506. (B) Uttararcika (1) Adhyaya I.651-653; (2) Adhyaya II. 761, 763; (3) Adhyaya V.935-937; (4) Adhyaya VI. 961-974, 999-1001; (5) Adhyaya VII. 1093-1095; 6) Adhyaya VIII.1119-1136. f #

28 4. The Srautasutras Bodhayanah. 1 Ityete sandilastesam tryarseyah pravarah/ .....kas yapavatsaradaivaleti va Kasyapavats arasiteti va sandilyasitadaivaleti va/ 1 devala-vadavatsaravat kasyapavad iti va/ Asitavadavatsaravatkasyapavaditi va/ devalavadasitavacchandilavaditi va// Apastambadyuktam..... Atha sandilanam dvyarseyo daivalasiteti Asitavaddevalavaditi/ .Tryarseyamu haike kasyapadaivalasiteti/ Asitavaddevalavatkasvapavaditi// Katyayanalaugaksipranitam.....tesam tryarseyah pravarah, kasyapasitadaivaleti sandilyasitadaivaleti va/ Kasyapavadasitavaddevalavaditi/ Sandilavadasitavaddevalavaditi va/ Asvalayanoktam-sandilanam sandilasitadaivaleti kasyapasitadaivaleti va/ 1 Gotropravaranibandhakadambam pp. 69-72. i : II The Mahabharata : Sandilyadevalabhyam ca maitreyena ca dhimata/ Asitena vasisthena kausikena mahatmana // Santi. 47/7 (Critical edition 12/66*/1pr.) III The Carakasamhita : Atreyo gautamah sankhyah pulastyo narado'sitah// dhe

garagyah sandilya kaundinyau va-ksirdevalagalavau// 29 } Carakasamhita Sutra.1.7,& 9. } 1 IV. The Puranas 1. Asitasyaikaparnayam brahmisthah samapadyata/ sandilyanam varah sriman devalah sumahayasah// jing Brahmanda Purana 2/3/8/32, Lingapurana -63/53b & 54a reads sumahatapah for sumahayas ah V.P.-Vol. II,8/27,28-reads vacah 1 srutva for varah sriman 2. Asitasyaikaparna tu patni sadhvi pativrata/ Devalam susuve sa tu brahmistham jnanas anyuta// Brahmanda Purana 2/3/10/18b & 19b, V.P.Vol. II, 娄 11.17 reads drdhavrata for pativrata manas am sutam for jnanas anyuta. 3. Asitasyaikaparnayam brahmini samapadyata/ namna vai devalah putro yogacaryo mahatapan// Kurma Parana Purva. 19/5. 4. Varaprabhrtayo deva devalasya prajastvimah// V. P. Vol. II. 8/29a. 5. Asitodevalascaiva sadete brahmavadinah/ Brahmanda Purana 2/23/113a, Matsya Purana 145/107a, V. P. Vol. I. 59.103b. 1 6. Kalena ca sutastasya sivaisena babhuva ha/ Brahmistho devalo nama kandarpas amasundarah/ BV.p.4/30/60. $

7. Tryarseyabhimatascaisam sarvesam pravarah subhah/ 1 Asito devalascaiva kasyapasca mahatapah/ Parasparamavaivahya rsayah parikirtitah// .. Matsya Purana 199/19a 4) Group D (Ambiguous references) : I. The Mahabharata 1. Asito devalascaiva naradah parvatstatha/ 路 Adi. 53/8 (Critical edition 1148/8a) 2. Asito devalah satyah sarpimali mahasirah/ u Sabha. 4/10 (Critical edition 2/4/8a) 3. Asito devalascaiva jaigisavyasca tattvavit/ Sabha.11/24(Critical edition 2/125*/5) 4. Asito devalascaiva markandeyo 'tha galavah/ Vana. 85/100 (Critical edition 3/83/103a) 5. Asito devalo vyasah svayam caiva bravisi me/ 鈥� Bhisma. 34/13 (Critical edition 6/32/13b) 6. Asito devalascaiva visvamitrastathangirah/ Drona. 94/45(Critical edition 7/69/45a) 7. Asito devalascaiva valmikisca mahatapah/ Santi.207/4(Critical edition 12/200/4a) 8. Asito devalascaiva tatha naradaparvatau/ Santi.292/15a (Critical edition 12/281/15a) 30

9. Jaigisavyasitasya devalasya maya srutam/ - Santi.318/59a (Critical edition 12/306/57) 10. Asito devalascaiva devayajnamupagaman/ - 1800 Anu.66/24a (Critical edition 13/65/22b) 11. Naradena ca rajarse devalenasitena ca/ 31 II. The Puranas Anu.167/13(Critical edition 13/153/13b.) 1. Asito devalascaiva vaisampayana eva ca/ damp D. bh. 1/10/3 2. Kumaro narada rbhurangira devalo'sitah/ che. Bhagavata-purana 6/15/12 3. Dvaipayano naradsca cyavano devalo'sitah Bhagavata-purana 10/84/3a 5) "Sabhaparvamem (4/16) yudhisthirake samaya aneka rsiyomka sabhamem upasthita hona bataya gaya haim/ Unamem devalaka ullekhabhi hai/ Is a prasanga devalake satha 'asita'padakabhi nirdesa hai/ Asita isika namantara athava vises anake rupamem prayukta hota hai/ santiparva (281/1) mem devalake satha asita padaka prayoga hai/ Adiparva(1/124) membhi isaka ullekha hai/ Sabhaparvake isa prasangaki vastavikata vicaraniya hai/" www Sankhya darsanaka itihasa-p. 212 } i } } I

32 6) "Isa prakarake apariharya virodhi varnanoko dekhate hue, asita evam devalake visayamem niscita siddhanta sthira nahim kiya ja sakata Kalpasiddhantake adharapara bhinnavarnanomime samanjasya sthapita kiya ja sakata hai/ Parantu inake aikyako pratipadita karanevale sthala samajhake bahara hai"/ Mahabharata aura puraname sankhya darsana, p.346. arsana, 7) Cf.references in n.3, Group C above. 8) Cf.references in n.3, Group C, 1.4 above. 9) Cf.references in n.2, Group B, I.3.c.above. 10) Daivalo devalasya putrah, as ito nama rsih. Sayanabhasya on Taittiriya Brahmana XIV.11.19 11) Cf.references in n.3, Group C (IV.1,2,3,6) above. 12) Mr.Pratap Chandra Roy also translates phrase 'Asito devalah' as 'Devala, the son of Asita'. Cf.The Mahabharata, Vol. II, p. 128, Sect. LIX.