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Two 顿补办峁�a蝉.

In most of the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 references about two 顿补办峁�a蝉 occur. In some pur膩峁嘺s both are referred to as one and the same person, whereas in some others both are considered as separate persons, so much so the stories concerning both are interlocked and entangled very often. The fact is that there was only one 顿补办峁�a, whose life was of two stages. The first 顿补办峁�a was killed at the sacrifice of 顿补办峁�a, at which point, ends the first stage, or the first 顿补办峁�a. The second stage was the rebirth of the same 顿补办峁�a. A short biography of 顿补办峁�a including both stages is given below:鈥�

叠谤补丑尘腻 created by his mind, the seven great hermits, 惭补谤墨肠颈, 础峁単颈谤补蝉, Atri, Pulastya, 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, Pulaha and Kratu. So these seven hermits are called the M膩nasaputras (sons born from mind) of 叠谤补丑尘腻. After this, from the anger of 叠谤补丑尘腻, Rudra was born, and from his lap 狈腻谤补诲补, from his right thumb 顿补办峁�a, from his mind the Sanakas and from his left thumb a daughter named 痴墨谤补峁嚹� were born.

"惫墨谤补峁嚹� 苍腻尘补 tasy膩 stu asikn墨ty膩pi sattam膩"

From this passage which occurs in 碍腻濒颈办腻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 it may be assumed that '础蝉颈办苍墨' was another name of 痴墨谤补峁嚹�. 顿补办峁�a did penance in the mountain of Vindhya for a long time. It is mentioned in 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 8, that 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 appeared before 顿补办峁�a and gave him 础蝉颈办苍墨 as his wife.

Several sons were born to 顿补办峁�a by his wife 础蝉颈办苍墨. The last one was a daughter named 厂补迟墨 who became the wife of 艢颈惫补. At this time 顿补办峁�a performed a sacrifice. As he was not invited to that sacrifice, 艢颈惫补 sent 痴墨谤补产丑补诲谤补 and 叠丑补诲谤补办腻濒墨 and killed 顿补办峁�a. Though the devas put the head of a goat in place of the lost head and brought 顿补办峁�a to life again, no reference is made about the life of 顿补办峁�a after the sacrifice. Thus the first stage of the life of 顿补办峁�a ends. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 7).

After this, once the Pracetases (the ten sons of Barhis) were engaged in penance and the earth was not properly cultivated in consequence of which big trees grew up and the whole of the earth was changed into a big forest. The sky was covered with tree tops. It was difficult even for the wind to pass through them and thus the forest thrived for ten thousand years. The pracetases got out of the sea after penance and entered the shore. When they saw the big forest they got angry and the ten of them discharged fire and wind from their faces. The wind up-rooted the trees and the fire dried them. Thus almost the whole of the trees were consumed. Then Candra, the King of the medicinal herbs came there and told the Pracetases "Oh, Kings, hold your anger. I will make the trees conclude a treaty with you. The beautiful 惭腻谤颈峁Ｄ� who was born to the trees is my foster-daughter. I give her to you as your wife. From half the portion of your minds and half the portion of my mind the great and wise 辫谤补箩腻辫补迟颈 顿补办峁�a is going to take birth in her womb".

The Pracetases controlled their anger and accepted 惭腻谤颈峁Ｄ� as their wife, at the words of Somadeva (Candra) and as the son of the ten pracetases the Praj膩pati 顿补办峁�a was born. With this the second stage of the life of 顿补办峁�a begins. The important occurrences in the two stages of the life of 顿补办峁�a are given below in their order.

顿补办峁�a鈥檚 creation of the prajas or subjects.

Once 叠谤补丑尘腻 called 顿补办峁�a and ordered him to create 辫谤补箩腻蝉 or subjects. Accordingly 顿补办峁�a created the gods, the hermits, the Gandharvas (Demi-gods), the Asuras, the serpents etc. Seeing that the subjects he created were not proliferating as required he thought of creating subjects by coition of male and female; and he begot by his wife 础蝉颈办苍墨 five thousand sons, and they were called 贬补谤测补艣惫补蝉. They in their turn were about to create subjects when 狈腻谤补诲补 appeared before them and said "Oh, 贬补谤测补艣惫补蝉, you are mere children and ignorant of the secrets of this world. How do you intend to create subjects? You fools, since you have the power to go up and down and lengthwise and breadthwise, why don't you try to find out the extremities of the earth?" Hearing the words of 狈腻谤补诲补, they all ran in different directions and have not returned since. Thus 顿补办峁�a lost the 贬补谤测补艣惫补蝉. 顿补办峁�a again begot thousand sons by 础蝉颈办苍墨 and they were called 艢补产补濒腻艣惫补蝉. Seeing that they also were about to create subjects 狈腻谤补诲补 scattered them also, by some tricks. The 艢补产补濒腻艣惫补蝉 who had gone to see the end of the earth have not yet returned.

顿补办峁�a got angry with 狈腻谤补诲补 and cursed him thus: "You also, like my children shall wander from place to place all over the earth". From that dry onwards 狈腻谤补诲补 became a wanderer, without a fixed dwelling place. The wise Praj膩pati 顿补办峁�a again begot sixty damsels by 础蝉颈办苍墨. Ten of the girls were given to Dharmadeva, thirteen of them to 碍补艣测补辫补, twentyseven of them to Soma, and four of them to 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈. Of the rest two were given to 叠腻丑耻辫耻迟谤补, two to 础峁単颈谤补蝉 and two to the wise 碍峁浥浤伵泇补. The names of the wives of each are given below:鈥�

碍补艣测补辫补.

Aditi, Diti, Danu, 础谤颈峁ａ弓腻, 厂耻谤补蝉腻, Khas膩, Surabhi, 痴颈苍补迟腻, 罢腻尘谤腻, 碍谤辞诲丑补惫补艣腻, Ir膩, 碍补诲谤奴, Muni.

Dharmadeva.

础谤耻苍诲丑补迟墨, Vasu, 驰补尘墨, La峁僢膩, 叠丑腻苍耻, 惭补谤耻迟惫补迟墨, 厂补峁卥补濒辫腻, 惭耻丑奴谤迟腻, 厂腻诲丑测腻, 痴颈艣惫腻.

Soma.

础艣惫补测耻办, 叠丑补谤补峁噄, 碍峁泃迟颈办腻, 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�, Mrga艣iras, T膩rakam (Ardr膩), Punarvasu, Pu峁�yam, 膧艣le峁�am, Janakam, 笔丑腻濒驳耻苍墨, Uttaraph膩lgunam, Hastam, 颁颈迟谤腻, 厂惫腻迟墨, Vi艣膩kham, 础苍耻谤腻诲丑腻, 闯测别峁ａ弓丑腻, M奴lam, Purv膩峁Ｄ佱笉ham, Uttar膩峁Ｄ佱笉ham, 艢谤辞峁嘺, 艢谤补惫颈峁ａ弓丑腻, Pracetas, Purvapro峁ａ弓hapadam, Uttarapro峁ａ弓hapadam, 搁别惫补迟墨.

The names of the wives given to 础峁単颈谤补蝉, 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈, 叠腻丑耻辫耻迟谤补 and 碍峁浥浤伵泇补 are not mentioned.

Besides these damsels, twentyfour daughters were born to 顿补办峁�a of his wife 笔谤补蝉奴迟颈 who was the sister of 鲍迟迟腻苍补辫腻诲补. Dharmadeva married thirteen of them also, named 艢谤补诲诲丑腻, 尝补办峁�m墨, 顿丑峁泃颈, 罢耻峁ａ弓颈, 惭别诲丑腻, 笔耻峁ａ弓颈, 碍谤颈测腻, Buddhi, 尝补箩箩腻, Vapus, 艢腻苍迟颈, Siddhi, 碍墨谤迟颈. Of the rest, 碍丑测腻迟颈 was given to 叠丑峁沢耻, 厂补迟墨 to 艢颈惫补, 厂补峁僢丑奴迟颈 to 惭补谤墨肠颈, 厂尘峁泃颈 to 础峁単颈谤补蝉, 笔谤墨迟颈 to Pulastya, 碍峁�a尘腻 to Pulaha, Santati to Kratu, 础苍补蝉奴测腻 to Atri, 弄谤箩腻 to 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补, 厂惫腻丑腻 to Agnideva and 厂惫补诲丑腻 to the Manes. (痴颈峁ａ箛耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 础峁兣沘 1, Chapter 15).

Sacrifice of 顿补办峁�a.

Once 顿补办峁�a performed a sacrifice called B峁沨aspatisavana. To this sacrifice he did not invite his daughter 厂补迟墨 or her husband 艢颈惫补. 顿补办峁�a did not invite them because of three reasons according to the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉.

(1) Once 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉, the son of Atri, went to Jamb奴nada and meditated with the mantra or spell of 'M膩y膩b墨ja' and worshipped 闯补驳补诲补尘产颈办腻 (mother of the world) the goddess there. The goddess was much pleased and gave him as a token of her pleasure the garland of flowers she wore from which nectar was oozing. 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 wore it on his head and went to the palace of 顿补办峁�a, the Praj膩pati. When he saw such a wonderful garland which was not of this world, he wanted to have it and 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 instantly gave it to 顿补办峁�a. He placed it in a prominent place in his bedroom and enjoying the wonderful fragrance of it he conjugated with his wife, and polluted that pure garland by his lust. 艢颈惫补 and his wife came to know of this and they scolded 顿补办峁�a, who kept this bitterness in his heart and when the sacrifice was performed, he decided not to invite them. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 7).

(2) 艢颈惫补 was considered as a polluted man by 顿补办峁�a as he had always been carrying with him the skull of 叠谤补丑尘腻 and so he thought it wrong on his part to admit his daughter and son-in-law to the sacrificial hall. The story of how 艢颈惫补 came to have the skull, is given below.

In days of old when the whole world was under the single ocean (of the great flood) the sun, the moon, the fire, air everything was destroyed and darkness prevailed. All the vegetations were destroyed. All the emotions and non-emotions disappeared. The supreme Lord was sleeping for so many thousands of nights together. At the end of the night he assumed the attribute of 'Rajogu峁嘺' (activity) and got ready to create the universe. From the face of the Supreme Lord and creator of the universes came out 叠谤补丑尘腻 with five faces. In the same way, 艢颈惫补 with three eyes and matted hair, and trident and rosary of beads (Elaeo carpus) and with attribute of 'Tamas' (darkness鈥攄estruction) also came out. Both 叠谤补丑尘腻 and 艢颈惫补 were filled with egoism and both began to quarrel with each other. It was a contest as to who was greater. The contest ended in attack. 艢颈惫补 plucked off the fifth head of 叠谤补丑尘腻, when the same face, flushed with anger, scolded 艢颈惫补. The head fell into the hands of 艢颈惫补, who could not throw it down as it didn't come off from his hand. 叠谤补丑尘腻 cursed 艢颈惫补 and made him polluted. Since 艢颈惫补 became polluted, his wife 厂补迟墨 also was considered as polluted by 顿补办峁�a. (V膩mana 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 2).

(3) Once the 辫谤补箩腻辫补迟颈s performed a sacrifice. 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 艢颈惫补 were present there. 顿补办峁�a, who had been invited by the 辫谤补箩腻辫补迟颈s also was present. When 顿补办峁�a entered the hall his son-in-law 艢颈惫补 did not rise up. This arrogance of 艢颈惫补 made 顿补办峁�a angry. 顿补办峁�a made up his mind to take vengeance on 艢颈惫补, and performed a sacrifice known as B峁沨aspatisavana. To that sacrifice he did not invite 艢颈惫补 or 厂补迟墨.

Hearing that her father was conducting a sacrifice 厂补迟墨 came uninvited. But 顿补办峁�a did not even look at her. 厂补迟墨devi whose heart was broken at this treatment made a fire and jumped into it and died. 艢颈惫补 became furious when he came to know of this. Being overwhelmed with sorrow and anger he beat his matted hair on the ground, from which two monsters, 痴墨谤补产丑补诲谤补 and 叠丑补诲谤补办腻濒墨, came out. They ran to 顿补办峁�a鈥檚 sacrificial hall and destroyed everything they saw, killed everybody, caught hold of 顿补办峁�a and cut off his head. Then they began to create havoc in the whole world. The hermits and sages began to take to flight. Men and animals shivered. Thus the three worlds began to tremble with fear. The gods approached 艢颈惫补 with supplication to curb his anger. The gracious 艢补峁卥补谤补 was pleased to recall the monsters. After that everybody requested him to bring 顿补办峁�a back to life. But the search made for the head of 顿补办峁�a was futile. At last 叠谤补丑尘腻 took the head of a goat and joined it to the headless trunk of 顿补办峁�a. Thus he was brought to life again.* (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, Skandha 7).

Cursing Candra.

Candra had married twentyseven daughters of 顿补办峁�a. But he showed particular attachment to 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�. The other twentysix wives could not bear this. They made a complaint to their father 顿补办峁�a. 顿补办峁�a called Candra and advised him to show equal attachment to all his wives and not to show any partiality to anyone. Candra did not gainsay his father-inlaw, but he did not make any change in his disposition. After a few days all the daughters except 搁辞丑颈峁噄 went to the palace of 顿补办峁�a and told him that they were going to stay with him. This time 顿补办峁�a got angry and called Candra and cursed him to become a sick man (of consumption).

From that day onwards Candra became a patient affected with consumption. All the vegetations in the world began to weaken. It appeared that the world was about to be destroyed. So the gods approached 顿补办峁�a and requested him to show some leniency towards Candra. 顿补办峁�a accordingly called Candra and told him that he would be affected by consumption only for a fortnight and after that he would recover gradually. Candra went to Prabh膩sa t墨rtha and Sarasvat墨 t墨rtha and dipped in water. He began to recover from that day. It is according to the curse of Daksa that Candra (Moon) waxes and wanes. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 35).

Other information.

(1) 顿补办峁�a has another name 'Kan'. "顿补办峁�a the Praj膩pati is a son of ten fathers. He has two names. They are 顿补办峁�a and Kan." (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 208, Stanza 7).

(2) When the emperor 笔峁泃丑耻 milked the earth, 顿补办峁�a was crowned as the King of the subjects. (See under 笔峁泃丑耻).

(3) It occurs in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 11, Stanza 18, that 顿补办峁�a was a member of the assemibly of 叠谤补丑尘腻.

(4) 顿补办峁�a was one of those who visited 叠丑墨峁�m补 in his bed of arrows. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 47).

(5) Mention is made in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 166 that the devas, the manes, the gandharvas, the celestial maids, the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补蝉, animals and birds, fishes and all living creatures were born from the daughters of 顿补办峁�a.

*). Though 顿补办峁�a was brought to life again with the head of a goat there is no mention of him again in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. We hear of 顿补办峁�a again as the son of 惭腻谤颈峁Ｄ�.*. Though 顿补办峁�a was brought to life again with the head of a goat there is no mention of him again in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. We hear of 顿补办峁�a again as the son of 惭腻谤颈峁Ｄ�.