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[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]

V膩yu said:鈥�

1. At the time of meditation while he was pondering intelligently, delusion in the form of darkness appeared before him.

2. Darkness, delusion, great delusion, blinding darkness and ignorance; the five appeared before the noble lord.

3. While he was meditating, the creation was ramified into five, enveloped all round by darkness as in a seed vessel(?)

4. Both within and without it was devoid of light benumed and unconscious. It had no intellect, faces and sense-organs.

5-6. Hence this creation became stationary consisting of trees and mountains. On seeing that this creation did not multiply 叠谤补丑尘腻 was dissatisfied. He began conceiving and meditating a second time. While he meditated, the lower animals came into being.

7. These animals had light within but not without.

They had the form of animals and went a wrong path.

8. When this creation too proved ineffective the creation of the gods of the 厂腻迟迟惫颈办补 type took place.

9. Men had plenty of pleasure, were not concealed but had light within and light without. They had innate consciousness too.

10. Again he meditated and from the unmanifest evolved the human creation which had a downward trend. Though effective it was full of misery.

11-13. The human beings had light within and light without. They had Tamas and Rajas in abundance. The fifth creation appeared in four forms in respect of Viparyaya, 艢补办迟颈 罢耻峁ａ弓颈 and Siddhi. These had no possessions, being of different species, prone to eating and drinking, were known as 叠丑奴迟补蝉 etc.

14. The first creation of 叠谤补丑尘腻 is that of Mahat; the second is that of subtle elements and is called 叠丑奴迟补蝉arga; the third is known as organic.

15. The primary creation took place without the intervention of intellect. The fourth was the creation or immobile beings.

16-17. The fifth was the creation of animal kingdom; the sixth of gods; the seventh of human beings. The eighth is called Anugraha and the ninth 碍耻尘腻谤补.

18. The first three creations are primary. They work without intelligence. The five secondary creations function intelligently.

19-20. 叠谤补丑尘腻 had in the beginning created four sons: Sanaka, Sananda, 厂补苍腻迟补苍补 and 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补. These are known as yogins free from passion and jealousy.

21-22. They were not interested in the activity of creation because their minds were drawn towards the lord. When Sanaka and others disinterested in creation had left the world, 叠谤补丑尘腻, desirous of creation, performed penance. Though he performed penance nothing happened.

23. When a long time elapsed he was distressed and his distress turned into anger. From the eyes of the infuriated 叠谤补丑尘腻 drops of tears fell.

24. From these goblins and ghosts emerged. On seeing these born of tears 叠谤补丑尘腻 censured himself.

25. As a result of anger and annoyance he fell into swoon. Then the enraged 叠谤补丑尘腻 cast off his breath.

26. Then Rudra, the lord of vital breaths, appeared through the mouth of 叠谤补丑尘腻 in order to confer unequalled favour.

27. Lord Rudra divided himself into eleven 膧迟尘补苍蝉. When these appeared they were addressed by him.

28-29. O dear, you have been created by me for blessing the worlds. Hence endeavour assiduously for the establishment and benefit of the world and for its progeny. Thus spoken to, they cried and ran all round.

30. In view of their crying and flight they are called Rudras. Rudras are vital breaths and vital breaths are Rudras.

31. Then Rudra, the merciful son of 叠谤补丑尘腻, bestowed vital breaths on 叠谤补丑尘腻.

32. Rudra was delighted at the return of 叠谤补丑尘腻 to life. He spoke to 叠谤补丑尘腻.

33. O 叠谤补丑尘腻, preceptor of the worlds, do not be afraid. Your vital breaths have been resuscitated by me. O one of good rites, get up comfortably.

34-35 On hearing these words as if heard in dreams 叠谤补丑尘腻 glanced at Rudra, his eyes shedding lustre of lotuses, when the vital breath returned to him. With palms joined in reverence he spoke in pleasing but majestic tone.

36. 鈥淚ndeed by your very vision you delight my mind. Who are you, sir, standing in cosmic form dividing yourself into eleven forms?鈥�

37. On hearing his words, 艢颈惫补 lord of the gods touched 叠谤补丑尘腻 with his pleasing hands and spoke.

38. Know me as the great 膧迟尘补苍, born as your son. The eleven Rudras have come to protect you well.

39. Hence shake off this lethargy through my blessing. Be wakeful. It behoves you to create beings as before.

40. When the lord spoke thus, Brahtn膩 was pleased. He eulogised Rudra with the eight names.

叠谤补丑尘腻 said:鈥�

41-43. (i) Obeisance O lord Rudra, with the splendour of the sun; to lord Bhava the taste, of the form of water; to 艢补谤惫补 of the form of the earth, Nandin the bull; to 莫艣a, Vasu in the form of touch, to the lord of 笔补艣耻蝉, to the fire-god of great brilliance, to 叠丑墨尘补 in the form of ether, the sound, the subtle element, to Ugra of terrible features in the form of the sacrificer, to 惭补丑腻诲别惫补 with Um膩 and the moon. Obeisance to the lord of eight forms.

44. After eulogising 惭补丑腻诲别惫补, 叠谤补丑尘腻, the grand-father of the worlds requested the lord after due homage.

45. O lord of the past and the future, O Rudra, my son, it was for the creation that you the destroyer of the cupid were born out of my limbs.

46. Hence, O lord of the universe, help me in this task. It behoves you to create beings everywhere.

47. Thus requested by him Rudra, the suppressor of the Tripuras, consented to his proposal.

48. Then 叠谤补丑尘腻 congratulated him. Permitted by him 叠谤补丑尘腻 created people.

49. He mentally created 惭补谤墨肠颈, 叠丑峁沢耻, 础峁単颈谤补蝉, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, 顿补办峁�a, Atri and 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补. He created Dharma and Sa峁僰alpa too.

50. These are the twelve sons of 叠谤补丑尘腻 including Rudra. They are the ancient householders.

51. Their families are twelve including the gods. Endowed with progeny and holy rites they are embellished by the sages.

52-53. Then he created the four鈥攖he gods, Asuras, 笔颈迟峁泂 and the human beings. Desirous of creating these, 叠谤补丑尘腻 set himself to the task of creation along with Rudra. He created the gods from his face and the pit峁泂 from the sides.

54. From his loins he created the Asuras; from the organ of generation the human beings. The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补蝉 overwhelmed by hunger were born of his privities.

55. Strong night-prowlers with Tamas and Rajas prominent were born as his sons. The serpents, 驰补办峁�a蝉, 叠丑奴迟补蝉 and Gandharvas were born.

56. The crows were created from the sides, birds from his chest, goats from the face and serpents from the sides.

57. From his feet were born the horses, elephants, 艢补谤补产丑补蝉, wild oxen, deer, camels, mules, stags and other animals.

58-62. Medicinal herbs, fruits and roots were born of his hairs. From his eastern face he created 骋腻测补迟谤墨, 峁歬s, Triv峁泃s膩ma, Rathantara, 础驳苍颈峁ａ弓辞尘补 and other sacrifices. From his southern face he created Yajus 罢谤补颈峁ａ弓耻产丑补 Chandas, the fifteen Stomas, 叠峁沨补迟蝉腻尘补 and Uktha. From his western face he created S膩man, Jagati Chandas, the seventeen Stomas, 痴补颈谤奴辫测补 and 础迟颈谤腻迟谤补 mantras. From his northern face he created the Atharva Veda, the twenty-one 膧ptorv膩man, 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻产丑 Chandas and the 痴补颈谤腻箩补. High and low animals and living beings were born of his different limbs.

63. 驰补办峁�a蝉, 笔颈艣腻肠补蝉, Gandharvas, Apsaras, human beings, Kinnaras, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补蝉, birds, deer and other animals, serpents etc. were born.

64. The mobile and immobile beings which were perishable and imperishable attained their activities.

65. Created again and again the beings retain their previous nature, violent or non-violent, soft or ruthless, virtuous or evil, true or false.

66-70. They attain birth with the impressions of their previous traits. The creator himself has assigned the variety and diversity to the elements, the sensual objects etc. He himself has assigned them names and forms through the Vedic texts. He has bestowed th莽 names of the sages and the functions prescribed in the Vedas on those who were born at the close of the night. When a new season arrives its nature appears itself. So also when the new yuga arrives its nature appears along with it. Thus creation manifests itself through the limbs of 叠谤补丑尘腻.

71-73. Beginning with intellect and ending with 痴颈艣别峁�a this secondary creation is derived from 笔谤补办峁泃颈 itself. There in the Brahmavana which has the light of the moon and the sun, which is embellished by planets, stars, rivers, oceans, mountains and abounds in beautiful cities and countries the unmanifest 叠谤补丑尘腻, having his source in the seed of Avyakta and blessed with the benign favour of the lord, the knower of al岣� moves about.

74-75. The eternal tree in the form of 叠谤补丑尘腻 shall be resorted to by all. The cosmic intellect is its main stem as well as its branch; the sense-organs its inner hollows; the great elements characterize its size; the 痴颈艣别峁�a is its tender sprout; Dharma and Adharma its good flowers; happiness and misery its fruits.

76. Wise men say that the heaven is his head; the sky his navel; the sun and the moon his eyes; the quarters his cars and the earth his feet. That unponderable soul is the maker of all living beings.

77. Brahmins are born of his mouth: the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补蝉 of his chest, the 痴补颈艣测补蝉 of his thighs; the 艢奴诲谤补蝉 of his feet. All the castes are born of his