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A True Servant—A True Master

by Swami Bhaktivedanta Madhava Maharaja | 2021 | 174,865 words

This page relates ‘Two types of knowledge: Para and Apara,...� of book�"A True Servant, A True Master" which offers a collection of 128 handwritten letters by Sri Srimad Bhaktivedanta Vamana Gosvami Maharaja—a revered figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. This book showcases the profound spiritual insights and practical guidance on executing devotional service and addresses both Sadhakas (male practitioners) and Sadhikas (female practitioners) with equal respect.

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Letter 33 - Two types of knowledge: Parā and A貹,...

Two types of knowledge: and a貹 � The difference between sincere inquiry and egotistical debate � Concern for bodily comforts must not hinder 󲹲Բ-ᲹԲ � The necessity of taking shelter of a bona fide guru � The golden opportunity of hearing 󲹰-첹ٳ during 峾-貹 � The glories of ճܱī-devī � Serving Śī ṛṣṇa satisfies everyone � The ego of race and family hinders hari-bhajana � The habits and beliefs of Dzī (materialists) � The power of chanting śī 峾 and ⲹٰī � The meaning of the word 岹śԲ � The nature of exalted personalities

श्री श्री गुरु-गौराङ्गौ जयतः

śī śī guru-gaurāṅgau jayata�

Śī Sundara-DZ Dāsādhikārī P.O. Maheshpur Raj (Santhal Parganas) Bihar 23/7/1976

ṇīy[1]

Dear—�! I received your inland and enveloped letters dated 1/10/75, 16/10/75, 27/10/75, 8/12/75, and 15/1/76, 27/2/76, 4/3/76, 1/7/76 in a timely fashion. But I am very embarrassed and sorry that I could not respond promptly to these. Nevertheless, as per the proverb �better late than never, I am trying to rectify all my mistakes, even though I am responding late.

I hope you do not hold on to this unintentional error or lapse of mine and instead try to understand the essence of what is written in this letter.

“If everyone cannot share the same purpose, real kinship is hindered.�&Բ;

This statement of yours is true and prudent. Knowledge is of two types: (superior) and a貹 (inferior). That knowledge () by which one becomes attached to Śī 󲹲 is , and that by which one gains value, respect, and prestige in the world is referred to as a貹-. If one equates Śī 󲹲 with His personnel [the demigods and goddesses], 峾-a貹dha presents itself, and one can never obtain the real fruit of chanting śī . According to philosophical considerations, this is called anthropomorphism, or thinking an ordinary soul to be God; the opposite of this is called apotheosis, or the mistake of imposing on to God the qualities of a living entity. Only if śī guru and 󲹲 show their special mercy can the ī enamoured by be protected from the clutches of this sort of misconception. If, as the in-dwelling Supersoul, Śī 󲹲 shows special mercy, the conditioned soul’s philosophical contradictions or misunderstandings of tattva cease.

I was delighted to know that you are studying śٰ deeply in order to participate in tarka (debate). Dry debate only increases the hardness of the heart. 

That is why 貹Ծṣaic statements give instruction like�

तर्क� ’प्रतिष्ठानात्

tarkā ’pratiṣṭhānāt[2]

“Dry debate is inclusive� 

And,

नैषा तर्केन मतिर� आपनेया

naiṣ� tarkena matir āpaneyā[3]

“Knowledge cannot be reached by dry debate.�&Բ;

The process of sincere inquiry that is aimed at comprehending tattva-Գٲ, however, has its benefits and utility. It would be a mistake to think of that as tarka. As man comes to know or learn something, ٲٳٱ-ᾱñ arises, which is defined as an honest inquiry after truth. If such questioning does not arise, if there is no inquiry, then there remains no chance of becoming acquainted with tattva. Such a tendency [to question] should thus be called a virtue, not a fault. [But] arguments or questions that are presented to test the knowledge and intelligence of , guru, and ղṣṇ are considered part of pointless self-centrism and mundane ego as they do not address the welfare of the soul. 󲹰첹 and 󾱰 who want to obtain bhakti will always stay away from these sorts of argumentative tendencies.

Is there any chance of attaining auspiciousness if we stop 󲹰-첹ٳ and īٲԲ and tend to our body? If this body, which is composed of the enjoying propensity, perishes in the course of performing īٲԲ of Śī 󲹲’s name, then and only then will the ī find auspiciousness. If we become preoccupied with worrying and thinking about the body to the exclusion of 󲹲Բ-ᲹԲ, then we will become 峾ī (persons content with pleasures of the body). We will go very far away from hari-bhajana. That is why, even though my body was not well that day, I became occupied discussing hari-첹ٳ with Ś-ⲹṇa ū. The sad thing is that despite spending time with Ś-ⲹṇa, Harihara, and others in 󲹲-ԳśīԲ (devotional endeavours), they were not able to follow anything about the convergences, differences, and specialities of Ś and Nārāyaṇa and Hara and Hari. I noticed the reek of cid-Ჹḍa-samanvaya- (belief in the conjunction of matter and spirit) and ī-brahmaika-岹 (belief that the soul and God are one) in Ś-ⲹṇa [ū]. If people do not come under the shelter of sad-guru, they do not gain knowledge in matters of ٲٳٱ- and Գٲ. As a result, the flaws of Գٲ-virodha (philosophical contradiction) and (incongruence of mellows) will consume them and they will be propelled down the wrong path. Everyone tries to comprehend the conclusions of the scriptures according to their qualification and they reap the results accordingly. What more can there be said in this regard?

For persons endeavouring to perform bhajana, there is certainly benefit in having 岹śԲ of śī and going on pilgrimage to holy sites. During this time, they have the opportunity to hear profuse amounts of śī 󲹰-첹ٳ. Such a golden opportunity is not available at other times. If guru and ղṣṇ show their mercy, even the impossible becomes possible. The dumb become voluble and the lame gain the ability to cross mountains. During the period of ٳܰⲹ-ٲ, and especially during niyama- [پ첹], it is crucial, every day, to engage in a regulated manner in the performance of śṇa, īٲԲ, etc. of Śī 󲹲’s name, form, and qualities, and in the narrations of His pastimes. Śٰ have given specific instruction to hear 󲹰-첹ٳ from the mouths of one-pointed ղṣṇ whose conduct is pure. Otherwise, one cannot obtain the proper result of śṇa and īٲԲ.

ճܱī is Śī 󲹲’s beloved maidservant. We have the right to utilize her in service to Him. ճܱī-ṇ� is only satisfied if she is offered at Śī ṛṣṇa’s lotus feet. Bhaktas can only accept that ճܱī which has been offered to Śī 󲹲. No unoffered item is fit to be accepted by the bhaktas

That is why Uddhava said to Śī ṛṣṇa:

त्वयोपभुक्�-स्रक�-गन्ध-वासालङ्कार-चर्चिताः, उच्छिष्ट-भोजिनो दासास् तव माया� जयेम हि

tvayopabhukta-srak-gandha-vāsālaṅkāra-carcitā�, ucchiṣṭa-bhojino dāsās tava � jayema hi[4]

“We, Your servants, conquer the illusory energy of by wearing Your remnant garlands, perfume, garments, ornaments, and by eating Your remnants.�

It is written in the 岵ٲ regarding the conduct of Ambarīṣa ѲᲹ: �śīmat-tulāsyā� tad-arpite[5].� He would partake only of ճܱī offered to Śī ṛṣṇa. Though Ayurveda and other śٰs recommend the decoction of herbal plants as remedies to alleviate various ailments, one-pointed devotees of 󲹲 have never accepted juice of ٳܱī, or ossimum sanctum, that is not offered, nor will they ever do so.

Śī ճܱī is a worshipful deity manifested as a plant; that is the reason for this special ordinance. The nectar of 󲹲’s feet [or water that washed His feet] and that of His devotees gives special results.

It has been stated in Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt [Antya-ī 16.60]:

भक्त-पद-धूलि आर भक्त-पद जल, भक्त-भुक्�-अवशेष—ए� ति� साधनेर� बल

bhakta-pada-dhūli āra bhakta-pada jala, bhakta-bhukta-avaśeṣa—ei tina sādhaner bala

“The dust of feet of the devotees, the water that has washed their feet, and the remnants of their food are the three things that give the strength to perform 󲹲Բ.�

One can also attain bhakti by drinking the water that has bathed Śī ճܱī.

“If you perform bhajana of Śī ṛṣṇa, you will satisfy everyone.�&Բ;

This is the statement of , śٰ, and guru. It contains philosophical truths.

तस्मिन� तुष्टे जगत् तुष्टं प्रीणिते प्रीणि� जगत्

Tasmin tuṣṭe jagat tuṣṭa� prīṇite prīṇita jagat.

This statement has the same meaning [as above].

मूलेते सिञ्चिले जल, शाखा-पल्लवे� बल, शिरे वारि नाहि कार्यक�

Mūlete siñcile jala, śākhā-pallavera bala, śire vāri nāhi ⲹkara[6]

“Watering the roots strengthens the branches and leaves; watering the top of a plant does not work.�&Բ;

This is a matter to be carefully considered. Śīmad-岵ٲms statement �yathā taror-ū-niṣecanena…tathaiva sarvārhaṇam-acyutejyā[7] � has corroberated this supreme truth.

In verses like,

हर�-भक्त� आछ� जा�

hari-bhakti āche jāra, sarva-deva bandhu tāra[8]

“All the gods become a friend to one who has devotion to Hari�,

यत�-पूजनेन विबुधा

yat-pūjanena vibudhā

“He who is worshipped by all the demigods�,&Բ;

And,

गोविन्दम�-आद�-पुरुषं तम� अह� भजाम�

govindam-ādi-puruṣa� tam aha� bhajāmi 

“I worship the original personality, Śī Govinda�,&Բ;

Śī ṛṣṇa has been propounded as the supremely worshipful object, the all-worshipful tattva

You cannot get food for the soul from someone who is not acquainted with Truth, which is why the Vedas instruct:

� गुरुम्-एवाभिगच्छेत् श्रोत्रियं ब्रह्म-निष्ठम�

sa gurum-evābhigacchet śrotriya� brahma-niṣṭham

“One [who wants to advance in knowledge] should approach a guru who is adept in scripture and devoted to God.�

God-willing, you will have a “library of your own� and will have the convenience of studying various texts as you please.

Nowadays, many have dressed themselves up as �Ṭhܰ (incarnations of God), but they are birdcall mimickers, tittering apaԳٲ and kuԳٲ (wrong or false conclusions) like sparrows. The rules of mundane ṇāſ-󲹰 do not define the spiritual realm. One cannot obtain the well-being of one’s soul via worldly conduct and behaviour. Where is the possibility of ever beholding the soul if one acts according to the considerations of mundane race and family

Racism and orthodoxy cannot bring about the living entities� supreme benefit. 

“दीनेरे अधिक दय� करेन� भगवान्, पण्डित, कुली�, धनीर् बड� अभिमान; जे� भज�, से� बड, अभक्त�

Dīnere adhika dayā karen bhagavān, paṇḍita, kulīna, dhanīr baḍai abhimāna; jei bhaje, sei baḍa, abhakta-hīna chāra, kṛṣṇa bhajane nāhi jāti-kulādi [9]

“God has more mercy for the fallen than for scholars, aristocrats, and the rich, who are too arrogant. That person who worships is superior. The non-devotee is destitute and detestable. There is no consideration of race and family in the worship of ṛṣṇa.�&Բ;

It is only those who do not have the fortune to hear this who bluster on about considerations of mundane race and family. This is intolerance and a type of deceit. If one cannot discard ego in regard to family and race, one cannot perform hari-bhajana

That is the reason for the invocation of Śīman Ѳ’s verse�

नाहं विप्रो � � नरपतिः � गोपी-भर्तुः पद-कमलयोः दा�-दासानुदासः

nāha� vipro na ca narapati� � gopī-bhartu� pada-kamalayo� dāsa-dāsānudāsa�[10] �.&Բ;

जीवे� स्वरूप हय कृष्णे� नित्� दा�

Jīvera svarūpa haya kṛṣṇera nitya dāsa[11]

“The constitutional identity of the living entity is as ṛṣṇa’s eternal servant.�&Բ;

This is the inauguration of the [soul’s] true identity. Sad-guru infuses and sows this bona fide conception into the hearts of his disciples and followers. 

That is called īṣ�

दीक्षा-काले भक्त कर� आत्म-समर्पण, से� काले कृष्� तारे कर� आत्म-सम; से� दे� कर� ता� चिदानन्द-मय, अप्राकृत देहे कृष्णेर् चर� भज�

Dīkṣ�-kāle bhakta kare ātma-samarpaṇa, sei kāle kṛṣṇa tāre kare ātma-sama; sei deha kare tāra cidānanda-maya, aprākṛta dehe kṛṣṇer caraṇa bhajaya[12]

“At the time of initiation, the devotee surrenders his soul, and ṛṣṇa makes him the same as Himself, in that He makes the devotee’s body spiritual and blissful. In that transcendental body, the devotee worships ṛṣṇa’s feet.�&Բ;

This is the outcome of the provision of īṣ�. Trivial problems, worldly affairs like marriage–nothing can declare jihad in opposition to transcendental injunctions, nor do they have the right.

The people of the world are Dzī (materialists), those who tread the course of impulse (ṛtپ). Any thought of the path of restraint (Ծṛtپ) or renunciation does not even enter their minds. Their belief is that only if you can become obsessed with what you eat and wear and where you live, do you fulfil your duties as one of the world’s extroverted population. They cannot think about the path of spiritual life, which is why they have earned the title �animal-killing hunters�. Indulgent persons are busy putting 󲹲 and His bhaktas to work. The fruit of accepting īṣ� is not the temporary health of the material body and hundreds of resultant material desires. Those who strive for such fruits are more or less offenders. Putting guru and ղṣṇ to work for the fulfilment of one’s own pleasure and self-interests is considered 峾-a貹dha, ṣṇ-a貹dha, and -a貹dha. The heart of the living entity who is bound by is naturally prone to enjoyment. Those who want to fuel that are profoundly foolish and the most wretched of mankind; they are characterized by evil deeds, their knowledge is swindled away by illusion, and they are endowed with a demoniac nature. This type of bad association is certainly to be discarded.

I am delighted to know that your own rental home is more favourable for your 󲹲Բ-ᲹԲ than your elder sister’s house. It is a matter of joy that you are finding the opportunity to chant one lakh of every day with firm conviction. Although you are a new student, if you have enthusiasm and patience, you will find auspiciousness. Śī 󲹲 is full of auspiciousness. That is why He has tactfully sent you to your own rented space for the convenience of your śī 峾-bhajana. “The Lord accomplished five or seven tasks with one act�eka karen prabhuñ-ٲ.�[13] If we contemplate every event in the world with a calm mind, we can realize Śī 󲹲’s causeless mercy. Whether it is partial mercy, full mercy, or causeless mercy, because it is transcendental, it is full. Even half of His causeless mercy will have to be considered full, because the inseparable portion of the whole is also whole. 

Śīman Ѳ said:

आन्येर हृदय—म�, मो� मन—वृन्दाव�, मन� वन� एक कर� जानि; ताहे तोमा� पद-द्वय, कराह� जद� उद�, तब� तोमार् पूर्� कृपा मानि

ānyera hṛdaya—mana, mora mana—vṛndāvana, mane vane eka kari jāni; tāhe tomāra pada-dvaya, karāho jadi udaya, tabe tomār pūrṇa kṛpā māni[14]  

“Other people’s hearts and minds are the same, but My mind is ṛn屹Բ. I know My mind and the forest are one, and if Your two feet would appear there, I would consider that Your full mercy.�

Śī ṛṣṇa’s name and ṛṣṇa’s mantra-ⲹٰī are both whole and complete. Still, 

कृष्�-मन्त्र हैते हब� संसा�-मोचन, कृष्�-ना� हैते पाबे कृष्णे� चर�

kṛṣṇa-mantra haite habe saṃsāra-mocana, kṛṣṇa-峾 haite pābe kṛṣṇera caraṇa[15]

“By ṛṣṇa’s mantra, you will be freed from material existence, and by ṛṣṇa’s name, you will attain ṛṣṇa’s feet.�&Բ;

This is tattva and Գٲ. ṛṣṇa-mantra and kṛṣṇa-峾 are complementary. Nevertheless, śī 峾 is more merciful. By mantra, one is freed from the functions of the mind. By chanting ⲹٰī, the chanter gains deliverance and by īṣ�, divine knowledge arises. In other words, as Śī Gaurasundara conveyed to the world, one attains “full mercy� –a glimpse of Śī 󲹲’s pastimes in the ṛn屹Բ of the mind. Those who gain this qualification are truly the most fortunate of the fortunate.

I was happy to know that there was a question about 岹śԲ when you gave an interview. ٲśԲ means knowledge. That from which one gains knowledge of tattva-vastu is the 岹śԲ-śٰ. That by which one discovers indications of the real vastu is real 岹śԲ. This 岹śԲ is of two types: primary and secondary. The word 岹śԲ also refers to (thought, consideration). There is a difference of heaven and hell between atheistic 岹śԲ and theistic 岹śԲ. Jaḍa-岹 (materialism) is atheistic 岹śԲ, and 貹ٳ-tattva (the truth of the supreme objective) is known as theistic 岹śԲ. With their concerns for the survival and development of the world, the atheists have gone mad straining their intelligence, while the theists have immersed their minds in concerns for the welfare of the transcendent soul and have thus determined the existence of a supreme consciousness, as well as their duty towards Him. Later you will find an opportunity to have all these discussions. Śī 󲹲 Himself has protected you from a motor accident. He protects us in all situations. Keep this faith.

There is nothing bothersome about someone who is seeking the welfare of the soul submitting questions or extensive inquiries to guru and ղṣṇ for a long eight-year period. ܲ are committed to helping others. They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of the living entities and they feel the pain of others. To sever the doubts of others and dispel ignorance is their special duty and lifelong vow. Therefore, despite being tormented by arrow-like questions of those with tender faith, they resolve all questions in a calm and steady manner, thinking only of the welfare of the living entities� souls. By taking shelter of the worshipful feet of such exalted personalities, all of the ī’s inauspiciousness is dispelled. This is a fact. Because they are merciful, they bestow qualification even upon one who is unqualified. This is why they are --vadānya (greatly, greatly magnanimous).

My affectionate blessing is that you may chant śī 峾 without obstacle, study the scriptures and become established in [spiritual] life. If there is a desire to serve Śī Hari, guru, and ղṣṇ, then it will happen; it will become a reality someday. Convey my well-wishes and respectful greetings to your mother and father. What more can I say? Iti

Your eternal well-wisher,
Śī Bhaktivedānta 峾Բ

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

A form of address for a female meaning “object of my good wishes�.

[2]:

󳾲-ūٰ (2.1.12)

[3]:

貹Ծṣa (1.2.9)

[4]:

Śīmad-岵ٲm (11.6.46)

[5]:

Śīmad-岵ٲm (9.4.19)

[6]:

ṇa-kalpataru, Mana, Tumi Baḍai Pāmara (4) by Śīla Bhaktivinoda Ṭhܰ

[7]:

Śīmad-岵ٲm (4.31.14)

[8]:

ṇa-kalpataru, Mana, Tumi Baḍai Pāmara (4) by Śīla Bhaktivinoda Ṭhܰ

[9]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Antya-ī4.68�67)

[10]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Madhya-ī13.80)

[11]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Madhya-ī20.108)

[12]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Antya-ī4.192�193)

[13]:

See Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Antya-ī 2.169)

[14]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Madhya-ī13.137)

[15]:

Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt (Ādi-ī7.73)

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