Upanishad, 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲, Oepanishad: 19 definitions
Introduction:
Upanishad means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 can be transliterated into English as Upanisad or Upanishad, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥擳he four Vedas are 峁歬, Yajus, S膩ma and Atharva. Each of these four has a Br膩hma峁嘺 (a treatise relating to prayer and sacrificial ceremony). Next come the 膧ra峁噛akas (forest texts鈥攚ritings meant for the forest-dwelling hermit) as appendices to the Br膩hma峁嘺s. Then come the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s as appendices to the 膧ra峁噛akas. These four classes of literary works (the Vedas, the Br膩hma峁嘺s, the 膧ra峁噛akas and the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s) constitute the Vedic literature proper. The 膧ra峁噛akas and the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are inseparably connected with each other. The 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are called Ved膩ntas (the end of the Vedas). The bulk of these Ved膩ntas belong to different periods anterior to the Later Vedic Period. The students begin the study of 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s only after having completed the study of the Mantras (Vedic hymns) and the Br膩hma峁嘺s (the ritual).
The meaning of the word '鲍辫补苍颈峁诲' is that which is most near. Upa = near. ni = most. sad = exist. (or sit). The 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s can be called the J帽膩nak膩峁囜笉a of the Vedas. They describe the nature of Brahman. The figure of the supreme Spirit (Brahman) exists in the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s. Apparently the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are explanations of the mantras, but they are concerned more with the allegorical significations and the mystic meanings of the tattvas or essence, of the origin of life, the world, the soul, God etc. The 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are the basis of the 峁岣�-dar艣anas, the six systems of philosophy. There are a large number of 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s. The most important among them are 108 in number.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥擡ssence of: in 艣谤耻迟颈驳墨迟腻.*
- * Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 X. 8. 45; 45. 33; 87. 43; XII. 6. 41; Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 I. 1. 170; IV. 4. 72; V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 1. 200; 6. 22; 20. 25; 30. 231; 97. 158.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
M墨m膩峁僺膩 (school of philosophy)
: Srimatham: M墨m膩峁僺a: The Study of Hindu Exegesis鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�) refers to the fourth section of Vedic literature.鈥擳he 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are the philosophical texts which concern us the most.
Mimamsa (啶啶ぞ啶傕じ啶�, m墨m膩峁僺膩) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd Edition鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�) refers to:鈥�108 principal philosophical treatises that appear within the Vedas. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�) refers to:鈥�108 principal philosophical treatises that appear within the Vedas. (cf. Glossary page from 艢r墨 B峁沨ad-bh膩gavat膩m峁泃a).
Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Shodhganga: Siva Gita A Critical Study鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�) refers to 鈥渟itting near devotedly鈥�.鈥擳he fourth and final portion of the Vedas, expounding the secret, philosophical meaning of the Vedic hymns. The 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are a collection of profound texts which are the source of Ved膩nta and have dominated Indian thought for thousands of years. They are philosophical chronicles of 峁涐梗is expounding the nature of God, soul and cosmos, exquisite renderings of the deepest Hindu thought. The number of 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s is given as 108.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
General definition (in Hinduism)
: WikiPedia: HinduismUpanishad (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�): Part of the Hindu 艢ruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy, seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥�f. [said to be from upani-sad 'knowledge derived from sitting at the feet of the preceptor'; but, according to Indian authorities, it means 'to destroy ignorance by revealing the knowledge of the Supreme Spirit and cutting off the bonds of worldly existence'; yath膩 ya im膩峁� brahmavidy膩mupayanty膩tmabh膩vena 艣raddh膩bhaktipura岣ar膩岣� santaste峁Ｄ佱箖 garbhajanmajar膩rog膩dyanarthap奴ga峁� ni艣膩tayati para峁� v膩 brahma gamayati avidy膩di- sa峁僺膩rak膩ra峁嘺峁� c膩tyantamavas膩dayati vin膩艣ayat墨tyupani峁诲 | upanip奴rvasya saderevamarthasmara峁嚹乼; 艢a峁卥ara]
1) Name of certain mystical writings attached to the Br膩hma峁嘺s, the chief aim of which is to ascertain the secret meaning of the Vedas; Bv.2.4; M膩l 1.7; (other etymologies also are given to explain the name:(1) 啶夃お啶ㄠ啶� 啶むぎ啶距い啷嵿ぎ啶距え啶� 啶啶班す啷嵿ぎ啶距お啶距じ啷嵿い啶︵啶掂く啶� 啶い啶� 啷� 啶ㄠた啶灌え啷嵿い啷嵿く啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶� 啶む啷嵿啶� 啶� 啶むじ啷嵿ぎ啶距う啷佮お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷嵿き啶掂啶む (upan墨ya tam膩tm膩na峁� brahm膩p膩stadvaya峁� yata岣� | nihantyavidy膩峁� tajja峁� ca tasm膩dupani峁诲bhavet) || or (2) 啶ㄠた啶灌い啷嵿く啶距え啶班啶ムぎ啷傕げ啶� 啶膏啶掂ぞ啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶� 啶啶班い啷嵿く啶曕啶むく啶� 啶ぐ啶 啷� 啶ㄠく啶む啶お啶距じ啷嵿い啶膏啶啶︵ぎ啶む 啶掂啶え啶苦し啶︵啶さ啷囙い啷� (nihaty膩nartham奴la峁� sv膩vidy膩峁� pratyaktay膩 param | nayatyap膩stasa峁僢hedamato vopani峁诲bhavet) || or (3) 啶啶班さ啷冟い啷嵿い啶苦す啷囙い啷傕え啷嵿え啶苦啶多啶粪ぞ啶膏啶むえ啷嵿ぎ啷傕げ啷嬥啷嵿啷囙う啶曕い啷嵿さ啶む 啷� 啶い啷嬥さ啶膏ぞ啶︵く啷囙う啷嵿さ啶苦う啷嵿く啶� 啶むじ啷嵿ぎ啶�- 啶︵啶え啶苦し啶︵啶さ啷囙い啷� (prav峁泃tihet奴nni岣ヅ沞峁Ｄ乻tanm奴locchedakatvata岣� | yatovas膩dayedvidy膩 tasm膩- dupani峁诲bhavet) || In the 啶啶曕啶む啷嬥お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷� (尘耻办迟补办辞辫补苍颈峁诲) 18 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s are mentioned, but some more have been added to this number. They are said to have been the source of the six Dar艣anas or systems of philosophy, particularly of the Ved膩nta Philosophy. The more important Upani- 峁诲s are:啶堗ざ啶曕啶ㄠ啶犩お啷嵿ぐ啶多啶ㄠぎ啷佮ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶ぞ啶｀啶∴啶曕啶い啶苦い啷嵿い啶苦ぐ啶� 啷� 啶愢い啶班啶 啶� 啶涏ぞ啶ㄠ啶︵啶椸啶 啶啶灌う啶距ぐ啶｀啶啶� 啶むぅ啶� (墨艣akenaka峁環apra艣namu峁囜笉am膩峁囜笉奴kyatittira岣� | aitareya峁� ca ch膩ndogya峁� b峁沨ad膩ra峁噛aka峁� tath膩) ||.
2) (a) An esoteric or secret doctrine, mystical meaning, words of mystery; 啶膏ぞ啶權啶椸啶ぞ啶權啶椸啶え啶苦し啶︵ 啶膏ぐ啶灌じ啷嵿く啶� 啶啶班う啷�啶い啶距ぎ啷� (s膩峁単op膩峁単opani峁诲a岣� sarahasya岣� prad墨yat膩m) R膩m.1.55.16. (b) Mystical knowledge or instruction; 啶え啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啶ぞ啶班ぞ啶ぃ掳 (尘补苍迟谤补辫腻谤腻测补峁嘺掳) Uttarar膩macarita 6; 啶︵た啶掂啶ぞ啶じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ啷嬥お啶ㄠた啶粪う啶啶粪啶班啶 啶曕啶多ぞ啶多啶掂じ啷嵿く 啶多た啶粪啶ぞ啶む (divy膩mastropani峁诲am峁涐梗erya岣� k峁浥浤伵泇asya 艣i峁膩t) Mv.2.2.
3) True knowledge regarding the Supreme Spirit.
4) Sacred or religious lore.
5) Secrecy, seclusion.
6) A neighbouring mansion.
7) A lonely place.
8) A religious observance.
9) Meditation, 啶う啷囙さ 啶掂た啶︵啶く啶� 啶曕ぐ啷嬥い啶� 啶多啶班う啷嵿ぇ啶啶え啶苦し啶︵ぞ 啶むう啷囙さ 啶掂啶班啶さ啶む啶むぐ啶� 啶さ啶むた (yadeva vidyay膩 karoti 艣raddhayopani峁诲膩 tadeva v墨ryavattara峁� bhavati) Ch. Up.1.1.1.
1) One that takes to (like a boat); 啶むじ啷嵿く啷嬥お啶ㄠた啶粪い啷嵿じ啶む啶じ啷嵿く 啶膏い啷嵿く啶た啶むた (tasyopani峁tsatyasya satyamiti) B峁�. Up.2.1.2.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥�f., upani峁Ｄ�, also written 掳艣膩, 掳s膩, 掳sad (= Pali upanis膩, in mgs. 1 and 2; on relation to Sanskrit upani峁诲 see Schayer, RO 3.57 (1926), magic correspon- dence; Renou, in C. Kunhan Raja Presentation Volume, orig. connexion, from upa-ni-sad- approcher鈥γ猼re ou mettre en regard, confronter), (1) cause, basis: AbhidhK ii.106 du岣hopani峁c chraddh膩, la foi nait de la souffrance (LaV-P.); ii.245 hetu, pratyaya, nid膩na, k膩ra峁嘺, nimitta, li峁単a, upani峁诲 are synonyms (Vy膩khy膩); ib. Index, referring to v.40, mok峁诲harmopani峁诲 uccheda岣�; Asa峁単a (Mah膩y膩na-s奴tr膩la峁僰膩ra) xi.9 (base causale, L茅vi); 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 2.26 (膩dh膩ra ity ucyate,) upastambho hetur ni艣raya upani峁t p奴rva峁僩amo nilaya (compare the synonym-list above, 础产丑颈诲丑补谤尘补办辞艣补 Vy.) ity ucyate; 鲍诲腻苍补惫补谤驳补 xiii.5 any膩 hi l膩bhopani峁诲 any膩 nirv膩峁嘺g膩min墨, for the cause (basis) of gain is one thing, that which leads to nirv膩峁嘺 is another (same verse in Dhammapada (Pali) 75, with l膩bh奴panis膩); see also under (3) below, and s.v. candropani峁诲; (2) like- ness, comparison (so P膩峁�.1.4.79), chiefly in a frequent clich茅, found 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 333.7; 349.3; 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 5087; 搁腻峁ａ弓谤补辫腻濒补辫补谤颈辫峁沜肠丑腻 59.16; K膩艣yapa Parivarta 159.17; 厂耻办丑腻惫补迟墨惫测奴丑补 31.9; 痴补箩谤补肠肠丑别诲颈办腻 35.10; 42.7; 骋补峁囜笉补惫测奴丑补 542.3; 础峁ａ弓补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 72.4; 98.11; 艢颈办峁Ｄ乻补尘耻肠肠补测补 187.1; 312.12, 21; 顿补艣补产丑奴尘颈办补蝉奴迟谤补 66.26; 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 104.9; 236.22; usually a long formula, ending kal膩m api ga峁嘺n膩m apy upam膩m apy upani峁诲am (or 掳峁Ｄ乵, etc.) api na k峁mate (or, nopaiti); sometimes abbreviated by y膩vad (e.g. 痴补箩谤补肠肠丑别诲颈办腻 42.7; 艢颈办峁Ｄ乻补尘耻肠肠补测补, all 3 times) or vistare峁嘺 y膩vad (叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 236.22) or without any such phrase indicating abbreviation (e.g. 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 104.9); on the other hand, additional terms may be added, especially at the end (before na鈥�), as dh峁泃ipadam (q.v.) api 搁腻峁ａ弓谤补辫腻濒补辫补谤颈辫峁沜肠丑腻, aupamyam api 痴补箩谤补肠肠丑别诲颈办腻 35.10; 础峁ａ弓补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 (both times but before upani掳); 顿补艣补产丑奴尘颈办补蝉奴迟谤补. The forms of our word, besides the regular upani峁诲am, are: upani峁Ｄ乵 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 333.7 (ed., but most mss. 掳峁诲am; one 掳s膩m api 掳峁诲am api); 搁腻峁ａ弓谤补辫腻濒补辫补谤颈辫峁沜肠丑腻; K膩艣yapa Parivarta; 掳s膩m 础峁ａ弓补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 both times, and see 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 333.7 above; 掳艣膩m 厂耻办丑腻惫补迟墨惫测奴丑补; 骋补峁囜笉补惫测奴丑补; 顿补艣补产丑奴尘颈办补蝉奴迟谤补; in 础峁ａ弓补蝉腻丑补蝉谤颈办腻-辫谤补箩帽腻辫腻谤补尘颈迟腻 (both times), as in one ms. of 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 333.7 (above), the item is duplicated, reading upani艣膩m apy upani峁诲am (72.4 掳sadam) api; for the verb, na k峁mate (or pl. 掳nte) and nopaiti are equally common, while 厂耻办丑腻惫补迟墨惫测奴丑补 has the isolated na ga峁噄to bhavet. Tibetan (on 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈, and according to Bendall on 艢颈办峁Ｄ乻补尘耻肠肠补测补 187.1) renders upani峁诲 in this passage by rgyu, cause, but this clearly makes no sense. A sort of modulation of this clich茅, with nom. sg. forms, in 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 299.13 na te峁Ｄ佱箖 sa峁僰hy膩 v膩 ga峁嘺n膩 vopam膩 vopani峁诲 vopalabhyate; also 顿补艣补产丑奴尘颈办补蝉奴迟谤补 66.8 (ye峁Ｄ佱箖 sa峁僰hy膩 n膩sti) ga峁嘺n膩 pram膩峁嘺m upani峁诲 aupamya峁� n膩sti. [(3) according to Wogih膩ra, ZDMG 58.454, and Index to 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 s.v., where [Page138-b+ 71] Dharmarak峁 is cited as authority, the word also means step, degree (Grad, Stufe), and W. finds this meaning in 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 144.21 f. This passage reads (18鈥�23) tasyaibhir da艣abhir 膩k膩rai岣� ku艣aladharmasa峁僩r膩haka艣墨lavyavasthitasya k峁- pram eva ku艣alasa峁僩raho bhavati, sarv膩k膩rasa峁僩raha艣 ca: yad uta, d膩nopani峁诲膩 艣墨lopani峁诲膩 k峁Ｄ乶tyupani峁诲膩 v墨ryopani峁诲膩 dhy膩nopani峁诲膩 pa帽c膩k膩ray膩 ca praj帽ay膩. Clearly the 10 膩k膩ra = the 10 p膩ramit膩 (惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 913 ff.), the last five being 鈥榝orms鈥� of praj帽膩. But I doubt that upani峁诲 here means degree, step, or stage; rather as in 1 above, by the cause of d膩na etc., on the basis of鈥�, by means of鈥� (4) In 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 530.21 for (tay膩) svopanisad (ukt膩) read probably sv膩 pari峁诲, her retinue, with note.]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥攆. (-峁诲 or -峁迟) 1. A portion of the religious writings of the Hindus; the theological part, and the Vedanta or argumentative part of the Vedas, either detached from or comprised in the principal work. 2. Virtue, moral merit. 3. Truth as the principle of divine being. 4. A neighbouring mansion. 5. A lonely place. E. upa and ni prefixed to 峁诲 to go, affix kvip; in which abide the essential parts of religion, &c.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥攊. e. upa-ni-sad, f. A portion of the religious writings of the Hindus, [Ved膩ntas膩ra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�).鈥擺feminine] secret doctrine (lit. sitting down, sc. to listen); an 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲, i.e. a class of writings intended to ascertain the secret meaning of the Veda.
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Upanisad (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶膏う啷�).鈥攁pproach, set about ([accusative]).
Upanisad is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms upani and sad (啶膏う啷�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum1) 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥�52 of the Av. B. 1, 40.
鈥�33 of the Av. Bp. 283.
鈥擠a艣opani峁诲bh膩峁a by 艢a峁卥ar膩c膩rya, and鈥擺commentary] by 膧nandat墨rtha. B. 1, 88.
2) 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥擺anonymous] Oppert. Ii, 6646. D墨pik膩 [anonymous] Oppert. Ii, 4499.
3) 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥攖he seventeenth book of the 艢atapathabr膩hma峁嘺 in the K膩峁噕a艣膩kh膩. Oxf. 395^a.
4) 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥�52 of the Av. Ak 2. 5 of the same. Ak 4.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥擺=upa-ni-峁诲] 1. upa-ni-峁诲 (耻辫补-苍颈-鈭歴补诲) [Parasmaipada] ([perfect tense] -苍颈-峁诲耻蝉) to sit down near to;
鈥攖o approach, set about, [Atharva-veda xix, 41, 1; 艢atapatha-br膩hma峁嘺; Kau艣ika-s奴tra]
2) [=upa-ni峁诲] [from upani-峁诲] 2. upa-ni峁诲 f. (according to some) the sitting down at the feet of another to listen to his words (and hence, secret knowledge given in this manner; but according to native authorities upani峁诲 means 鈥榮etting at rest ignorance by revealing the knowledge of the supreme spirit鈥�)
3) [v.s. ...] the mystery which underlies or rests underneath the external system of things (cf. [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams p.35seqq.])
4) [v.s. ...] esoteric doctrine, secret doctrine, mysterious or mystical meaning, words of mystery etc., [艢atapatha-br膩hma峁嘺; Ch膩ndogya-upani峁诲] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] a class of philosophical writings (more than a hundred in number, attached to the Br膩hma峁嘺s [but See 莫艣opani峁诲]; their aim is the exposition of the secret meaning of the Veda, and they are regarded as the source of the Ved膩nta and S膩峁僰hya philosophies; for the most important of the 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s See, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams p.37seq.])
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥擺upa-ni峁诲] (d) 5. f. The theological part of the Hindu sh膩stras; virtue truth; near or lonely place.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥�(nm) sacred ancient books of the Hindus.
...
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 (啶夃お啶ㄠた啶粪う啷�):鈥攏. Upanishads (the theological part of the Vedas);
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Nishad, Upani, Upa, Sat, Te, Upanishad.
Starts with: Upanishad Brahman, Upanishada, Upanishadbhashya, Upanishadbrahmana, Upanishadin, Upanishadratna, Upanishadrupin, Upanishadvakyavivarana, Upanishadvali, Upanishadvid, Upanishadvivarana, Upanishadvrata, Upanishadwali.
Full-text (+4309): Aitareyopanishad, Kathopanishad, Mundakopanishad, Yogopanishad, Ishopanishad, Brihadaranyakopanishad, Brahmopanishad, Keneshitopanishad, Atmopanishad, Prashnopanishad, Devyupanishad, Tarakopanishad, Pindopanishad, Ashramopanishad, Ramopanishad, Taittiriyopanishad, Tapaniyopanishad, Mahopanishad, Kathakopanishad, Upanishadratna.
Relevant text
Search found 343 books and stories containing Upanishad, The upanishad, Upa-ni峁诲, Upa-nisad, Upa-nishad, Upani-sad, Upani-峁诲, Upani-shad, 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲, Upanisad, Upanisads; (plurals include: Upanishads, The upanishads, ni峁诲s, nisads, nishads, sads, 峁诲s, shads, 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s, Upanisads, Upanisadses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yoga-sutra with Bhashya Vivarana (study) (by Susmi Sabu)
Yoga philosophy in the Upanishads < [Chapter 2 - Origin and Development of Yoga Philosophy]
Yoga in the Upanishad Bhashyas < [Chapter 3 - The Authorship Problem of Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana]
Yoga Upanishads < [Chapter 2 - Origin and Development of Yoga Philosophy]
The concept of Oneness in the Upanishads (study) (by Chandra Shekhar Upadhyaya)
鲍辫补苍颈峁诲: A Brief Introduction < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Concept of Oneness in Aitareya 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 < [Chapter 2 - Concept of Oneness in 峁歡vedic 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s]
Concept of Oneness in Ch膩ndogya 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲 < [Chapter 3 - Concept of Oneness in S膩mavedic 鲍辫补苍颈峁诲s]
The Gita鈥檚 Ethics (A Critical Study) (by Arpita Chakraborty)
7. Ultimate Reality < [Chapter 4 - Moral Action and Emancipation]
7. The Upanisadic Ethics < [Chapter 1 - Indian Ethics]
9. Ramayana and Mahabharata < [Chapter 1 - Indian Ethics]
Discovery of Sanskrit Treasures (seven volumes) (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
3. The Concept of Death in the Upanishads < [Volume 5 - Philosophy and Religion]
6.3. The concept of Dana (charity) < [Volume 7 - Society and Culture]
1.4. Sanskrit Content and Studies in Thailand < [Volume 6 - South East Asian studies]
Studies in Indian Literary History (by P. K. Gode)
56. The Uddiyana Bandha of Hatha-yoga I < [Volume 1 (1945)]
11. Upanisadbrahmayogin and Hathayogapradipika < [Volume 3 (1956)]
50. The Samudra-Sangama by Dara Shukoh < [Volume 2 (1954)]
Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya) (by Swami Vireshwarananda)
Chapter III, Section III, Adhikarana XIV < [Section III]
Chapter III, Section III, Adhikarana I < [Section III]
Chapter I, Section I, Adhikarana V < [Section I]
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