A True Servant—A True Master
by Swami Bhaktivedanta Madhava Maharaja | 2021 | 174,865 words
This page relates ‘Different types of diksha,...� of book�"A True Servant, A True Master" which offers a collection of 128 handwritten letters by Sri Srimad Bhaktivedanta Vamana Gosvami Maharaja—a revered figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. This book showcases the profound spiritual insights and practical guidance on executing devotional service and addresses both Sadhakas (male practitioners) and Sadhikas (female practitioners) with equal respect.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Letter 10 - Different types of īṣ�,...
What is īṣ�? � Different types of īṣ� � The purpose of ṅk貹 � Deliberations on demigod worship � ղṣṇs are the real, pure śٲ � The importance of performing arcana with the aid of īٲԲ � An uninitiated person’s arcana is like playing with dolls � The importance of chanting on beads � Prema-bhakti and vaidhi-bhakti
श्री श्री गुरु-गौराङ्गौ जयतः
śī śī guru-gaurāṅgau jayata�
Sādara sambhāṣaṇa pūrvikeyam—Mā! Your mind was disturbed after we left—�pura. This is due to the natural pull of your affection. I have no love, infatuation, or possessiveness, so what chance is there of my mind being disturbed. Nonetheless, the way you have written your letter, what doubt is there that even a very stone-like heart will be overcome with affection? The fact that you have developed a via media [medium of communication] in your heart is likely only possible by the inspiration of the Supersoul. �Īś� sarva-bhūtānā� hṛd-ś �rjuna tiṣṭhati[1] –O Arjuna, I, the Supreme Lord, dwell in the hearts of all living entities.� This is the verified word of scripture. Even if you had not prayed to Śī , you would have received a timely response to your letter. But you had to endure great mental anguish because there was a delay in my receiving the letter. Even if you are not on my mind, you will make yourself forever memorable to me. I have entrusted you with this responsibility.
The relationship between guru and disciple, the connection between the served and the servant, is eternal. The ղṣṇ ᲹԲ have sung:
निता�-चर� सत्य, ताहा� सेवक नित्�, धर� निताइर� चर� दुखानि
nitāi-caraṇa satya, tāhāra sevaka nitya, dharo nitāir caraṇa dukhāni[2]
“Nitāi’s feet are truth, his servant is eternal, hold fast to Nitāi’s two feet.�
Guru and disciple are connected through the medium of īṣ�. The verse �徱ⲹ� ñԲ� yato dadyāt kuryāt pāpasya saṃkṣayam; tasmād dīkṣeti sā proktā deśikais-tattva-DZ岹�[3]� explains the word īṣ�.
The process by which divine knowledge is obtained and sin is fully destroyed is referred to by scholars who are seers of tattva by the word īṣ�.
दीक्षा-काले भक्त कर� आत्म-समर्पण, से�-काले कृष्� तारे कर� आत्म-सम; से� दे� कर� ता� चिदानन्द-मय, अप्राकृत देहे कृष्णेर् चर� भज�
īṣ�-kāle bhakta kare ātma-samarpaṇa, sei-kāle kṛṣṇa tāre kare ātma-sama; sei deha kare tāra cidānanda-maya, aprākṛta dehe kṛṣṇer caraṇa bhajaya
“At the time of initiation, the devotee surrenders his soul and ṛṣṇa then makes him like Himself; He makes the devotee’s body transcendental, and with that spiritual body, the devotee worships ṛṣṇa’s feet.�&Բ;
If you study Śī Caitanya-峾ṛt, you will come to know in depth the explanation of this.
Without īṣ� one cannot obtain the qualification to perform ūԲ, ritual worship, of the śī vigraha. īṣ� is of two types: 徱ī (of the Vedas) and Գܲ (following the Vedas). In the age of Kali, as there are no candidates for 徱ī-īṣ�; it is only Գܲ-īṣ� that has been instituted. Vedānugā-īṣ� is also of two types: 貹ܰṇiī and ñٰī. Paurāṇikī-īṣ� involves accepting an unqualified person as qualified, whereas in ñٰī-īṣ�, an entry qualification is bestowed upon a person in consideration of their faith in Բ-ᲹԲ, with the hope that they will attain the necessary qualification in the future. Just as through various alchemical processes bell metal turns to gold, by the ceremony of īṣ� any human being can attain the status of a vipra or dvija (ṇa). No matter what family a man is born into, once he receives īṣ� in ṣṇ-Գٰ, he attains the status of a ṇa. ī, 岵ٲ, Ѳٲ, the 貹Ծṣa, and various commentators have accepted and proven this.
I will answer, in sequence, all the questions you had. I will, as time permits, attempt to provide suitable answers. You have prepared a notebook. I am delighted to know that you will write down and keep all the answers. It is a very good practice to keep a note of unknown spiritual instructions and the various considerations, arguments, and evidence of śٰ regarding tattva-Գٲ. This is the bearer and vehicle of future upliftment. I am giving brief answers to all your many questions:
(1) The purpose of the ṅk貹 (vow, intention) made during ū is bhagavad-bhakti. Any ṅk貹 or invocation that is devoid of the desire to please is meaningless. The word ṅk貹 also means vow. Whatever the undertaking, how will one attain any result if one does not have the firmness and conviction or the patience and steadiness to believe “I will be successful�? You can say that ṅk貹 also means will force. All undertakings of action that are bereft of service to the Supreme Lord are fruitless. And all undertakings that are linked with bhakti are true success. Every vastu (entity or object) has two aspects: sat (real) and asat (false), or su and ku. Śī is ԲԻ岹-maya vastu, that reality which is comprised of truth, knowledge, and bliss; and , or , is asat (untrue), acit (unconscious), and ԾԲԻ岹 (non-blissful).
The development or progress that occurs in exclusion of tattva-vastu is the world of , the kingdom of the darkness of ignorance. It is in reference to this negative idea, or the Godless conception, that the ٱٲ-ṛt texts have, in one place, in the ṅk貹� ca tathā dānam verse, forbidden ṅk貹. “To offer arghya with one-pointed focus in the worship of the deity� and sat [virtuous] ṅk貹 are synonymous. Would giving Śī an order be part of sat-ṅk貹? �Āmāra hṛt-kamale bāme hele, dāṅdiye bājāo bāṅśarī–in the lotus of my heart, lean to the left, stand and play the flute.� Is this not covert Dz岹 (doctrine of sense gratification)? Śī is neither my gardener nor my tenant that I can order around. Hence, for the servant, this sort of karma-ṇḍīⲹ (reward-seeking) invocation only increases the quantity of his offences.
(1a) Those who love engaging in bhakti to Mā ī are worshipping the various presiding demigods or giving preference to them. Their faith is not being offered in the right place. Hence, in this case, it is not a matter of faith or no faith. Śī is the abode of divine love and the Lord and King of kings. His service is the only thing to be desired by the living entities, and this is Ծṇ�-ś (faith that is beyond the three modes of material nature). In the ī [17.4], faith, charity, diet, and other things are divided by ٳٱ첹, Ჹ첹, and 峾첹 differences: �yajante sāttvikā devān ⲹṣa-rakṣāṃsi rājasā�, preta-ūٲ-gaṇā� cānye yajante tāmasā� Ჹ� –those in the mode of goodness worship the demigods; those in the mode of passion worship demons and nature spirits; those in the mode of ignorance worship spirits, ghosts, ghouls, and whatnot.� This statement determines the candidates of different levels of faith. Hence, to think that one will have to regard everyone’s whimsical faith as topmost is not an impartial viewpoint. It is this that is made perfectly clear in the verse ye’py anya-devatā-bhaktā�; �te’pi mām eva kaunteya, yajanty avidhi-pūrvikam–they too worship Me alone, but in an unsanctioned manner.�[4] Those who are abandoning the prescribed process of attaining liberation and are displaying their faith in other gods and goddesses or taking shelter of them, despite knowing that վṣṇ alone is the giver of liberation, have a flawed conception.
It is not written in any scripture that one should disobey or disrespect any demigod or goddess, but the supreme worshipful object is only one:
एकम् एव� द्वितीयम�
ekam evā dvitīyam[5]
“One without a second.�
एकम् एव सच्चिदानन्�-रसाद�-रूपं तत्त्वम्
ekam eva ԲԻ岹-rasādi-rūpa� tattvam[6]
“[He is] the one truth, the form of knowledge, eternity, bliss, and all rasa.�&Բ;
Remember the verse:
हरिर� एव सदाराध्य� सर्व-देवेश्वरेश्वरः, इतरे ब्रह्म-रुद्राद्या नावज्ञेय� कदाचन्
harir eva sadārādhya� sarva-deveśvareśvara�, itare brahma-rudrādyā nāvajñeyo kadācan[7]
�Hari alone is forever worshipful, the Lord of all lords of the gods. On the other hand, one should never disregard , ܻ, and others.�&Բ;
When someone does not have a certain capability, it does not matter how much you entreat them with heart and soul. Without a capacity like that of the master, how can the employees have the authority to grant benedictions or fulfil cherished desires? What you said to answer your friend’s question was correct.
तस्मिन� तुष्टे जगत् तुष्टं प्रीणीते प्रीणीतं जगत्
tasmin tuṣṭe jagat tuṣṭa� prīṇīte prīṇīta� jagat.
“If ṛṣṇa is satisfied, the whole world is satisfied. Pleasing Him pleases the world.�
�Yat pūjanena vibudhā� pitaro’rcitāś ca, tuṣṭā bhavanti ṛṣi-ūٲ-saloka-, sarve grahās-ٲṇi-soma-ū徱-ܰ�.� “GDZԻ岹-徱-ܰṣa� tam aha� bhajāmi.� You should study these verses in this context.
(1b) When I was lecturing in your house, I said that ղṣṇs are the real śٲ. A person initiated with a ṣṇ-mantra is a ղṣṇ, and one who has initiation with a śپ-mantra is a śٲ. This is the general rule. In order to follow the rules, you have to accept the exceptions also. �Exception proves the rule.� When it comes to merits and demerits or anvaya (concordance) and vyatireka (discordance), only examination of these two aspects side by side can reveal excellence and all-around beauty. The foundation of the tattva-vastu depends on accepting the positive and the negative, both states of its being. When we speak of śپ, we are referring to Գٲṅg, ṅg, and ٲṭaٳ –these three main śپs. Գٲṅg is ū貹-śپ, ṅg is -śپ, and ٲṭaٳ is ī-śپ. Only those who accept , She who bewilders the mind of Śī ṛṣṇa, and are following the guidance of that hlādinī-śپ, the embodiment of 屹, are truly under the shelter of the ū貹-śپ and are therefore the true śٲ. Those who do not know that ٳܰ-ī, who is worshipped in this material realm and is the presiding goddess of this ٱī-峾, is -śپ and offer her their faith as the ū-ṛt, or root force of nature, are biddha-śٲ, or śٲ only in name. One person is subservient to the empress and the other is fit to be punished by her maidservant. The hankerings for wealth, resources, and worldly pleasure and affluence are the causes of bondage. The people of the world worship Māyā-ī by the names ٳܰ and ī. Cit-śپ is ṛṣṇa’s ū貹-śپ. Māyā is Her shadow. The ī who is averse to ṛṣṇa lusts for worldly sense objects from this material Māyā and thereby becomes cheated. Hence, there is no difference between the viśuddha-śٲ (immaculately pure worshipper of energy) and the ղṣṇ. Those who do not take shelter of cit-śپ and have faith only in -śپ, are not ղṣṇs, though they are śٲ. In other words, they are simply blinded by infatuation with the objects of the senses.
(2) After receiving īṣ�, the initiated person is qualified to perform arcana (worship) of Ś峾 and other forms of the deity. For the 첹Ծṣṭ-ī (neophyte), arcana is prescribed, and the -岵ٲ perform 屹- (internal service by moods of the heart). Through arcana and by the influence of good association, a person of delicate faith gradually attains an elevated life. In the age of Kali, no matter which limb of bhakti one performs, one must perform bhakti characterized by īٲԲ. That is to say, one must perform ū and arcana in tandem with īٲԲ of the -Գٰ.
In regard to the duties of a person who has received īṣ�, scripture states:
आद� गुरु-पदाश्रयस� तस्मात� कृष्�-दीक्षादि-शिक्षणम्, विश्रम्भेन गुरो� सेवा साधु-वर्त्मानुवर्तनम्
ādau guru-padāśrayas tasmāt kṛṣṇa-īṣādi-śikṣaṇam, viśrambhena guro� sevā -vartmānuvartanam[8]
“First, after taking shelter of a bona fide guru and taking initiation in ṛṣṇa-Գٰ, the disciple must obtain instruction in all that is expected of him, render sincere service to śī gurudeva, and proceed on life’s path, on the path of bhajana-Բ, according to the words of , guru, and śٰ.�&Բ;
Serving the - (deity form) via sixteen types of offerings and with , or great reverence, is called arcana. This arcana is one particular limb of Բ-پ. Though there are many ceremonial aspects of arcana, mantra is predominant. Arcana without mantra is fruitless, and śī 峾 is the main subject of mantra. Śī 峾-īٲԲ alone is advised for the performance of all types of undertakings of service. Hence, śī 峾 is the topmost and the supreme perfection. Mandates are given for the initiated individual to observe proper ղṣṇ etiquette and render special service on Hari-vāsara [岹śī] and other holy days.
(3) Śī cannot rightfully accept the ū and arcana of an uninitiated person. It can be compared to an unmarried girl not having the qualification to serve her future husband before their wedding. The non-ղṣṇ does not have īṣ�, and a person who has īṣ� from a guru who is not a ղṣṇ does not have the qualification to worship վṣṇ. Persons initiated by a bona fide guru according to ñٰ첹 guidelines are qualified to perform arcana of Śī Ś峾-śī, regardless of whether they are a male or female, born of any of the four castes, born of intercaste, or even an outcaste pedigree. According to the śٰs, a person who is initiated with a ṣṇ-Գٰ attains the spiritual status of a ṇa. Each and every person who has īṣ� is surely required to engage in ū, etc. of the śī -vigraha with faith.
For persons who are agitated, ūԲ and chanting ⲹٰī, etc. prove particularly fruitful in reigning in the mind. ūԲ performed prior to accepting īṣ� is mere play, like little boys and girls playing with dolls, having the dolls get married or dressing them up, having them cook, etc. Still, this sort of practice does establish them in the real thing, so its utility has been somewhat accepted. In the preliminary stages, they are immersed just in that imaginary play, and even though they do not meet with the intended people, they do find a certain mental peace. An uninitiated person’s faith and ū remains at this level.
(4) Chanting japa on beads is also a type of -yoga (the yoga of practice) and is therefore important. It is not proper to give up chanting on beads because other thoughts occur when one sits to chant. How can one whose mind has not given up restlessness chant śī 峾 in their mind at all times? How can one whose heart is full of thoughts of sense objects obtain the inspiration to chant ’s name? Śٰ does not advise that one should first make the mind very steady and then chant Śī ’s name.
What has been said in śٰ is that if one performs japa of śī 峾 on one’s beads or sits on an Բ, or seat, and performs japa or chants śī 峾 in any sort of condition, then the mind will become calm and steady.
峾貹-yuktānā� nāmāni eva haranti agham[9]
“Only the holy name can remove the stain of offences to the holy name.�
This is the immaculate conception and proper policy. Śī 峾 alone destroys all sins, faults, and blunders. Śī 峾 alone is the Բ, or practice, and the ⲹ, or goal.
Those who object to chanting on beads (-japa) are misguided and opportunistic.
माला-जप� शाला, कर� जप� भा�, जे मन� मन� जप�, उस्क� बलिहारी जा�
-jape ś, karo jape bhāi, je man man jape, usko balihārī jāi
“You are chanting on your beads, ś? You are chanting on your fingers, brother? But to whoever chants in his mind I say bravo!�
They believe in this sort of proverb. In other words, they are not in any way reliable. Islam and Christianity also have the practice of chanting on beads. It is absent only from the nihilist and pantheist traditions. Worshippers of the five Hindu deities (貹ñDZ첹) and those who believe in many gods are also counted in this category of opportunists.
(5) By practicing the process of ī-پ, one attains prema-bhakti, which is beyond rules and regulations. If one does not observe vidhi, where is the possibility of attaining prema-bhakti? Rule, rite, and ritualism are referred to as vidhi, and free spontaneous attachment to Godhead is called 岵. There remain differences between the categories of 첹Ծṣṭ-, madhyama-, and ܳٳٲ-ī, which one will surely have to accept. Prema-bhakti does not follow ī-پ; it is not subservient to it, but 첹 and must cross through and surpass this stage. One does not complement the other. But in the preliminary stage, one must proceed according to the rules. Vidhi has no place in prema-bhakti or the 岵Գܲ-岵ٳ첹 path. There, the soul’s inherent, natural attraction takes shape and manifests. This state of being is the ī’s ultimate aspiration. The way the DZī of Vraja worshipped ṛṣṇa is the pure form of service.
(6) Writing “Hare ṛṣṇa� in your notebook is also a form of ԳśīԲ (cultivation). It has been instructed that one engage each and every sense in the service of . In Śīmad-岵ٲm [9.4.18�20], the example of Ambarīṣa ѲᲹ’s life has proven that. The �sa vai Բ� ṛṣṇa-貹Ի岹�� verse explains how to serve ṛṣīś Śī ṛṣṇa with all of one’s senses. Writing is also a part of -yoga. Everyone must proceed according to the traditions of their own ⲹ. Writing articles, studying scripture, chanting śī 峾, and hearing -첹ٳ –these are among the limbs of bhakti. I will instruct you as to how you may proceed along the proper path. Śī will surely fulfil your innermost desires. Whether or not you need to take the permission of your mother and father in this regard is something only you know.
Try to come to 屹ī貹 and bring your mother with you. You will have the opportunity to take profuse amounts of 岹. Ҳܰī [ī] becomes վ-ī in Śī Kṣetra and distributes Śī Բٳ’s 岹. Why would you not obtain that qualification too? Go to 屹ī貹 with everyone you can bring prior to Dola (Gaura ūṇi). Today this is as far as I will go. Please accept my affectionate blessings. Iti�
Servant of the servant of the ղṣṇs,
Śī Bhaktivedānta 峾Բ
Footnotes and references:
[4]:
[7]:
Bhakti- 峾ṛt- sindhu(1.2.116)
[8]:
پ-峾ṛt-sindhu(1.2.74)