Mukhya, ѳܰ: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Mukhya means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Mukhy.
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In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1) Mukhya (मुख्�).—The gods of Svarṇi epoch.*
- * Viṣṇu-purṇa III. 2. 15.
2) ѳܰ (मुख्या).—The fifth entrance on the east of the city of Puramjana. Through this Puramjana went to the kingdoms of Āpaṇa and Bahūdana with his companions Rasajña and Vipaṇa; allegorically the mouth.*
- * Bhgavata-purṇa IV. 25. 49; 29. 11.

The Purana (पुरा�, purṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: ŚktismMukhya (मुख्�) refers to one of the 53 gods to be worshipped in the northern quarter and given ⲹ (rice boiled in milk) according to the ٳܲ岵 rite in Śaktism (cf. Śradtilaka-tantra III-V). The worship of these 53 gods happens after assigning them to one of the 64 compartment while constructing a ṇḍ貹. Vstu is the name of a prodigious demon, who was killed by 53 gods (e.g., Mukhya).
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (shaktism)Mukhya (मुख्�) refers to the “best (soldiers)�, according to the Mahbhrata 10.8.64�68.—Accordingly, “Good sir, they saw her, Klartri, standing, smiling, alone, blue-black in hue, with red mouth and eyes, garlands and unguents of crimson, red robes, a noose in one hand, a peacock feather [in her hair], binding men, horses and elephants with her horrifying fetters while she stood, capturing many headless ghosts trapped in her noose, leading those asleep in their dreams to other Nights. And at all times the best soldiers (yodha-mukhya) saw the son of Droṇa slaughtering. From the time when the battle between the Kuru and Pṇḍava armies began, they saw [both] that evil spirit and the son of Droṇa. The son of Droṇa later felled those who had first been struck by this divinity [Klartri], terrorizing all creatures while shouting out ferocious bellows�.

Shakta (शाक्�, śkta) or Shaktism (śktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammarMukhya (मुख्�).—Main, , principal, primary substantive as contrasted with a gualifying substantive;cf.गौणमुख्ययो-मुख्ये कार्यसंप्रत्यय� (gauṇamukhyayo-mukhye kryasaṃpratyaya�) Par. Sek. Pari. 15.

Vyakarana (व्याकर�, vykaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Mukhya (मुख्�) refers to the “foremost� (among the [time measuring] instruments), according to Govinda Daivajña’s Pīyūṣadhr (verse p.424), a commentary on Rma Daivajña’s Muhūrtacintmaṇi (AD 1600).—Accordingly, “[...] After having seen the rise of half of the Sun’s orb, or the setting of the half likewise, the instrument having the aforementioned characteristics should be deposited, with this sacred formula. [...] ‘You have been created a long time ago by Brahma as the foremost among the [time measuring] instruments [i.e., mukhya-yantra]. Therefore, for increasing the longevity of the couple and for conferring on them sons, wealth and the like, O water clock of mine, grant them the fulfilment of their desires�.�.

Jyotisha (ज्योति�, dzپṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy� or “Vedic astrology� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaiva philosophy
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)Mukhya (मुख्�) refers to the “main argument�, according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñvimarśinī 1.178.—Accordingly, “And there is no argument proving [the existence] of the [external object], and the main (mukhya) [argument] refuting [its existence] amounts to this much: the fact that there [can] be no manifestation (śԲ) [of it] even as a [mere] object of inference if [this object] is distinct from the manifesting consciousness (ś)?�.
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Vastushastra (architecture)
: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)Mukhya (मुख्�) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the Bṛhatklottara, chapter 112 (the ٳܲ岵-貹ṭa).—The plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Mukhya] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.
Nga as a doorway deity is associated with the Nakṣatra called Uttarabhadraka and the consequence is Բٱ. [...] The Mayasaṃgraha (verse 5.156-187) describes a design for a 9-by-9-part pura, a residential complex for a community and its lead figure. [...] This record lists a place for flowers at Nga, Mukhya and Bhalvṭa (ahitraye).

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्�, vstuśstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Pancaratra (worship of Nryaṇa)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama TextsMukhya (मुख्�) [=Mukhyamantra] refers to the “chief mantra�, as discussed in the sixth chapter of the ⲹṃh: a Pñcartra Āgama text composed of 4500 verses in 33 chapters dealing with topics such as mantra (formulas), japa (repetitions), Բ (meditations), ܻ (gesticulations), Բ (concentrations) etc.—Cf. the chapter ܰⲹԳٰ-ܻ.

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pñcartra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the HindusMukhya (मुख्�) refers to the “best� (class of elephants), according to the 15th century ٲṅgī composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 6, “on determination of measurements”]: �4. Cows of the best (mukhya), middling, and poorest types (i.e., the ‘state,� ‘slow,� and ‘deer� castes) [mukhyamadhydham vaś� ] are respectively six, five, and four (hastas) high, eight, seven, and six long, and nine, eight, and seven in girth�.

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
India history and geography
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryMukhya.�(EI 32), city elder; member of the city council. Cf. Hindī Mukhiy, a village elder. (CII 1), chief officer. (EI 16), see mukha meaning ‘head�, ‘heading� or ‘sum�. mukhy-hra, cf. mukha-hra. Note: mukhya is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarymukhya : (adj.) chief; foremost; most important.
: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionarymukhya (မုခ�) [(ti) (တ�)]�
[mukha+ya.mukhamiva mukhyo,iva-tthe yo..ṭī.693-6]
[မု�+ယ။မုခမိ� မုချော၊ဣ�-တ္ထ� ယော။ ဓာန်။ဋီ။၆၉�-၆]
[Pali to Burmese]
: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မ� အဘိဓာန�)ܰⲹ�
(Burmese text): (�)ဧကန်၊ ဏင်စစ်၊မုချ၊ တိုက်ရိုက်။ (�)ပြဓာန်းသော။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Aikan, Nganzi, Moke, Direct. (2) Specified.

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarymukhya (मुख्�).—a (S) Chief, primary, principal, leading.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishmukhya (मुख्�).�a Chief, pincipal. ܰⲹś: ad Chiefly.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryMukhya (मुख्�).�a. [mukhe dau bhava� yat]
1) Relating to the mouth or the face; अथ � � एवाय� मुख्यः प्राणः (atha ha ya evya� mukhya� prṇa�) Ch. Up.1.2.7; Manusmṛti 5.141.
2) Chief, principal, foremost, first, preeminent, prominent; चन्दनस्य � मुख्यस्य पादपैरुपशोभितम� (candanasya ca mukhyasya pdapairupaśobhitam) Mahbhrata (Bombay) 12.169.8; द्विजातिमुख्यः, वारमुख्य�, योधमुख्याः (dvijtimukhya�, vramukhy, yodhamukhy�) &c.
3) Foremost, recited first; मुख्ये� वा नियम्येत (mukhyena v niyamyeta) MS.1.5.6 (where explaining mukhya, ś writes mukhyatva� nma rathantarasya prathamdhītatvam).
-ⲹ� A leader, guide.
-khyam 1 A principal rite or ordinance.
2) Reading or teaching the Vedas.
3) The month reckoned from new moon to new moon.
4) The category called अपूर्व (ū) (in ū-īṃs); मुख्यभेद� यथाधिकार� भावः स्यात् (mukhyabhede yathdhikra� bhva� syt) MS.7.1.1 (where ś explains mukhya by ū).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryMukhya (मुख्�).—mfn.
(-ⲹ�-khy-ⲹ�) 1. Chief, primary, principal. 2. Relating to the face or mouth. n.
(-ⲹ�) 1. A principal or essential rite or ordinance. 2. Reading or teaching the Vedas. 3. The month when reckoned from new moon to new moon. m.
(-ⲹ�) A leader. E. mukha chief, ya aff.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryMukhya (मुख्�).—i. e. mukha + ya, I. adj. 1. Being in, or belonging to, the face. 2. Fallen from the mouth, [Բśٰ] 5, 141. 3. Chief, principal, [ʲñٲԳٰ] 158, 2; [ᾱٴDZ貹ś] 83, 18; [ٲśܳٲ] in
Mukhya (मुख्�).—[adjective] being in (on) the mouth or face, coming from the mouth; being at the head or at the beginning, best, principal, original, primary, first among (—�). [masculine] chief, leader.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Mukhya (मुख्�):—[from mukha] mf()n. being in or coming from or belonging to the mouth or face, [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] being at the head or at the beginning, first, principal, chief, eminent (ifc. = the first or best or chief among, rarely = mukha or di q.v.), [Taittirīya-saṃhit] etc. etc.
3) [v.s. ...] m. a leader, guide, [Kmandakīya-nītisra]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a tutelary deity (presiding over one of the 81 or 63 divisions or Padas of an astrological house), [Varha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhit; Hemdri’s Caturvarga-cintmaṇi]
5) [v.s. ...] [plural] a class of gods under Manu Svarṇi, [Purṇa]
6) ѳܰ (मुख्या):—[from mukhya > mukha] f. Name of the residence of Varuṇa, [Viṣṇu-purṇa]
7) Mukhya (मुख्�):—[from mukha] n. an essential rite, [Horace H. Wilson]
8) [v.s. ...] reading or teaching the Vedas, [ib.]
9) [v.s. ...] the month reckoned from new moon to new moon, [ib.]
10) [v.s. ...] moustache, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryMukhya (मुख्�):—[(khya�-khy-ⲹ�) a.] Chief. n. A principal rite; reading the Vedas.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Mukhya (मुख्�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Mukkha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryMukhya (मुख्�) [Also spelled mukhy]:�(a) principal, chief; main; salient; staple; leading; capital, cardinal; pre-eminent; predominant; —[gyaka] the precentor; ~[ta/~tay] primarily; chiefly, mainly; ~[t] leading status, preeminence; predominance; —[ptra] the protagonist, the leading character; —[ṃtī] chief minister; —[svara] cardinal vowel; predominant voice.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusMukhya (ಮುಖ್�):�
1) [adjective] of or for the face or mouth; facial or oral.
2) [adjective] meaning a great deal; having much significance, consequence or value; important.
3) [adjective] having or acting as if having, power, authority, influence, high position, etc.
4) [adjective] of a superior class, rank, quality, etc.; high-class.
5) [adjective] first in place or time; foremost.
6) [adjective] and others; and the like; et cetera.
--- OR ---
Mukhya (ಮುಖ್�):�
1) [noun] that which is of much significance, consequence or value; an important thing.
2) [noun] a thing of a superior class, rank or quality; a high-class thing.
3) [noun] a man of consequence; an important man.
4) [noun] the head or leader of a group organisation, etc.; a person with the highest title or authority; the chief.
5) [noun] that which is essential, indispensable.
6) [noun] (phil.) name of one of the vital air or wind in the body.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryMukhya (मुख्�):—adj. 1. chief; principal; main; 2. special; exclusive; 3. leading; heading; 4. senior; foremost; topmost; 5. primary; prime;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+10): Mukhya-adhikari, Mukhya-ayukta, Mukhya-cautariya, Mukhya-chautariya, Mukhyacakra, Mukhyacandra, Mukhyadhikari, Mukhyahara, Mukhyakala, Mukhyalay, Mukhyalaya, Mukhyamamtri, Mukhyamantritva, Mukhyamuttage, Mukhyaprana, Mukhyaraj, Mukhyarajan, Mukhyaraste, Mukhyardha, Mukhyartha.
Full-text (+223): Varamukhya, Phalamukhya, Mukhyashas, Mukhyata, Abhimukhya, Vedamukhya, Gunamukhya, Mukhyartha, Ratnamukhya, Amukhya, Priyamukhya, Yodhamukhya, Vedhamukhya, Yathamukhyam, Parimukhya, Mukhyatva, Mukhyanripa, Balamukhya, Yuthamukhya, Ganamukhya.
Relevant text
Search found 128 books and stories containing Mukhya, ѳܰ, Mukha-ya; (plurals include: Mukhyas, ѳܰs, yas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dsa)
Text 2.27 < [Chapter 2 - The Natures of Words (śabda)]
Text 7.1 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 2.10 < [Chapter 2 - The Natures of Words (śabda)]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivednta Nryana Gosvmī Mahrja)
Verse 2.2.36 < [Chapter 2 - Jñna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.2.101 < [Chapter 2 - Jñna (knowledge)]
Verse 2.3.158 < [Chapter 3 - Bhajana (loving service)]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 4.7.28 < [Chapter 7 - The Story of the Ayodhya Women]
Verses 1.14.52-53 < [Chapter 14 - The Liberation of Śakaṭsura and Tṛṇvarta]
Verses 3.6.13-14 < [Chapter 6 - The Test of Śrī Kṛṣṇa]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 5.139 < [Section XIII - Purification of Substances]
Verse 3.200 < [Section XI - Origin of the Pitṛs and the Mode of Worshipping them]
Verse 8.323 < [Section XLIII - Theft (steya)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvmī)
Verse 2.5.115 < [Part 5 - Permanent Ecstatic Mood (sthyī-bhva)]
Verse 2.5.2 < [Part 5 - Permanent Ecstatic Mood (sthyī-bhva)]
Verse 2.4.208 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vybhicri-bhva)]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 10.24 < [Chapter 10 - Vibhūti-yoga (appreciating the opulences of the Supreme Lord)]
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