Vibhishana, վīṣaṇa, վīṣaṇ�: 30 definitions
Introduction:
Vibhishana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms վīṣaṇa and վīṣaṇ� can be transliterated into English as Vibhisana or Vibhishana, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Vibhishan.
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In Hinduism
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: ISKCON Press: Glossaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—A grandson of Pulastya Muni and the pious brother of 屹ṇa. He was a staunch devotee of Lord 峾, who offered him the kingdom of Śrī Lank for four yugas. He is one of eight personalities who lives for more than one cycle of four yugas.

Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu�).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—Brother of 屹ṇa. The son վś was born to Prajpati Pulastya. 屹ṇa, Kumbhakarṇa and վīṣaṇa were born to վś by his wife Mlinī. A daughter named Śūrpaṇakh also was born to them. Kumbhakarṇa and վīṣaṇa went to do penance under the leadership of their eldest brother 屹ṇa. They did severe penance and obtained various boons. The boon given to վīṣaṇa was to live as a righteous man. After that they came back and defeated Kubera, the ruler of Laṅk and brought Laṅk under their control. 屹ṇa became the ruler of Laṅk. Kumbhakarṇa and վīṣaṇa lived with their brother in Laṅk. 屹ṇa married Mandodarī. Kumbhakarṇa took Vajrajvl the daughter of Mahbali and վīṣaṇa took Saral, the daughter of Śailūṣa a Gandharva as their wives, according to Uttara 峾ⲹṇa. 屹ṇa conquered the three worlds and was ruling as the emperor of the whole world, when Śrī 峾 and Lakṣmaṇa went to the forest, with Sīt. 屹ṇa carried Sīt away to Laṅk. 峾 and Lakṣmaṇa, with the help of the monkey-army entered Laṅk. At this time 屹ṇa called together his ministers to consider the details about the battle with Śrī 峾. Every one present except վīṣaṇa voted for the battle. վīṣaṇa advised 屹ṇa to return Śīt, the stolen property and beg Śrī 峾 for pardon. 屹ṇa got angry and expelled վīṣaṇa from Laṅk. վīṣaṇa joined the side of Śrī 峾 and informed him of all the military secrets of 屹ṇa. In the battle which ensued 屹ṇa was killed and վīṣaṇa was made the king of Laṅk by Śrī 峾. It is stated in Kambarmyaṇa, Yuddha Kṇḍa that according to the instruction of Śrī 峾 and at the instance of Indra, Viśvakarm came to Laṅk and renovated the city of Laṅk. (See full article at Story of վīṣaṇa from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)
2) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—Mention is made in Ѳٲ, as given below, about another վīṣaṇa who had ruled over Laṅk.
2) Once Ghaṭotkaca went to the palace of վīṣaṇa as the messenger of Sugrīva. վīṣaṇa who heard from Ghṭotkaca about Yudhiṣṭhira honoured the messenger greatly and gave him a large quantity of valuable presents.
3) վīṣaṇ� (विभीषण�).—An attendant of Subrahmaṇya. (Ѳٲ Śalya Parva, Chapter 46, Stanza 22).
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translationվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) refers to “one who is definitely awful� and is used to describe Śiva, according to the Śivapurṇa 2.3.27 (“Description of the fraudulent words of the Brahmacrin�).—Accordingly, as Śiva (in guise of a Brahmacrin) said to Prvatī: “[...] I know Śiva through and through with all His weighty attributes. I shall tell you the truth. Listen with attention. [...] He holds the skull. Serpents twine round His limbs. Poison has left a mark on his neck. He eats even forbidden stuffs. He has odd eyes and is definitely awful [i.e., īṣaṇa]. His birth and pedigree cannot be traced. He is devoid of the enjoyment of a householder. He has ten arms. He is mostly naked and is ever accompanied by ghosts and goblins. [...]�.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—One of Bhaṇḍa's eight councillors.*
- * Brahmṇḍa-purṇa IV. 12. 12.
1b) A son of վś and Kaikaśī, and a friend of 峾. On the advice of 峾, performed funeral rites to his kith and kin, according to established conventions. Was made king of Lank by 峾. Held the 峾 when Bharata carried ܰ of 峾;1 knew the yoga power of Hari and attained salvation by ٲṅg; of superior bhakti;2 a brother of 屹ṇa;3 was present at 峾's ṣe첹.4
- 1) Bhgavata-purṇa IV. 1. 37; IX. 10. 16, 29 and 43.
- 2) Ib. II. 7. 45; XI. 12. 5; Brahmṇḍa-purṇa III. 34. 39.
- 3) Ib. III. 8. 47.
- 4) Viṣṇu-purṇa IV. 4. 99.
վīṣaṇ� (विभीषण�) refers to the name of a Lady mentioned in the Ѳٲ (cf. IX.45.22). Note: The Ѳٲ (mentioning վīṣaṇ�) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 śǰ첹 (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical studyվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) is one of the sons of 첹ī and վś, according to one account of ղṃśa (‘genealogical description�) of the 10th century ܰܰṇa: one of the various Upapurṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, [...] վś was born to [Ilavil and Pulastya]. վś had four wives—Puṣpotkaṭ�, Vk, 첹ī and Devavarṇinī. From 첹ī were born 屹ṇa, Kumbhakarṇa, վīṣaṇa and Śūrpaṇakh.

The Purana (पुरा�, purṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
: Wisdom Library: Kathվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) was a king of Laṅk, according to the fifth Ucchvsa of the Udayasundarīkath. The son of his maternal uncle was Mybala, who later came to challenge Malayavhana (king of Pratiṣṭhna).
The Udayasundarīkath is a Sanskrit epic tale written by Soḍḍhala in the early 11th century, revolving around the Nga princess Udayasundarī and Malayavhana (king of Pratiṣṭhna).
Source: Wisdom Library: Kathsaritsgara1) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण) is the name of a king of Laṅk, a country most difficult to reach, according to the Kathsaritsgara, chapter 12. King վīṣaṇa was visited by Lohajaṅgha, a Brhman whose story is told in the “story of Rūpiṇik�.
2) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण) is a king of the Rkṣasas having for his wife Mandodarī: the daughter of the Asura Maya according to the Kathsaritsgara, chapter 45. Accordingly, �... when his sons were thus triumphant, Maya called to mind his daughter Mandodarī, and վīṣaṇa, and when called to mind, they came�.
The story of վīṣaṇa and Maya was narrated by the Vidydhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidydharas�.
3) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण) was given sovereignty of Laṅk by 峾, according to in the Kathsaritsgara, chapter 51. Accordingly, �... then 峾, in his bereaved state, made Sugrīva his friend by killing Blin, and by sending Hanumn to Laṅk obtained news of his wife. And he crossed the sea by building a bridge over it, and slew 屹ṇa, and gave the sovereignty of Laṅk to վīṣaṇa, and recovered Sīt.�.
The story of վīṣaṇa was narrated by the Vidydharī Kñcanaprabh to Naravhanadatta while in a ⲹū temple of Śiva, in order to demonstrate that “people who possess firmness endure for a long time mutual separation to which no termination is assigned�, in other words, that “heroic souls endure separation for so long a time�.
The Kathsaritsgara (‘ocean of streams of story�), mentioning վīṣaṇa, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇḍhya’s Bṛhatkath consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

Kavya (काव्�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry� and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry�.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Shodhganga: Siva Gita A Critical Studyվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) or վīṣaṇagīt refers to one of the sixty-four Gīts commonly referred to in Hindu scriptures.—Gīt is the name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines. Most of these Gīts [i.e., վīṣaṇa-gīt] originate from the Ѳٲ or the various Purṇas.

Vedanta (वेदान्�, vednta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantramվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) refers to one of the “nine Siddhas� belonging to the Divyaugha or Gurvogha (“current of the teachers�), as discussed in the Yogakhaṇḍa of the Manthnabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjik.—[The seven Siddhas] are followed by the Nine Siddhas who are emanated from the deity’s radiant energy and are worshipped in the Cavity of Brahm. Of these nine, three are in the sky, three are in the netherworlds and three are on the earth.—վīṣaṇa is also associated with Anaṅga of the Divydivya (“divine-cum-mortal current�) and with Tripurntaka of the Siddhaugha (“the current of the Siddhas�).

Shakta (शाक्�, śkta) or Shaktism (śktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduismվīṣaṇa (विभीषण, “terrific�):—In Vedic hinduism, he is one of the half-brothers of Kubera but later became the ally of 峾. Kubera was the Vedic God of wealth presiding over all earthly treasures.
: Apam Napat: Indian MythologyVibhishana was the younger brother of Ravana, the king of Lanka. Kumbhakarna was his other brother. Shurpanakha is their only sister. A Brahmana sage named Vishrava was the father of these four Asuras and their mother was a Asura woman by the name of Kaikasi. Vishrava is the father of Kubera, but by a previous marriage.
Vibhishana was known for his rectitude and his unswerving determination to tread the path of virtue. He vigorously opposed Ravana's kidnapping of Sita. When he could not convince his elder brother, Vibhishana left Lanka and joined the army of Rama. He played a major role in the victory of Rama, assisting him in countering the magical warfare employed by the Rakshasas.
: WikiPedia: Hinduism1) Vibhishana was a king who ruled what is part of Sri Lanka today and is also written off in the historical epic Ramayana. He was the younger half brother of the Rakshasa (demon) king Ravana of Lanka. Though a Rakshasa himself, Vibhishana was of a noble character and advised Ravana, who kidnapped and abducted Sita, to return her to her husband Rama in an orderly fashion and promptly. When his brother did not listen to his advice, Vibhishana joined Rama's army. Later, when Rama defeated Ravana, Rama crowned Vibhishana as the king of Lanka.
2) Vibhīshaṇa (विभीषण): Vibhishana was a rakshasa, brother of Ravana. He was of a noble character and advised Ravana, who kidnapped and abducted Sita, to return her to Rama.
etymology: Vibhishana (Sanskrit: विभीषण, IAST: վīṣaṇa; Javanese: Wibisana; Khmer: Bibhek; Lao: Phibphi; Tamil: விபீஷணன்; Malay: Bibusanam; Thai: พิเภก Phipek; Sinhala:විභීෂ�; Yuan: Bikbi) or Bibhishan
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhismվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) is the name of a Rkṣasa mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriy Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śkyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including վīṣaṇa).
: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍalaվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) refers to one of the eight charnel grounds (śśԲ) of the ҳṇa, according to the 10th century Ḍkṇa chapter 15. Accordingly, the ṇa refers to one of the four divisions of the Ჹ-ṭa (‘innate layer�), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the ܰ첹ṇḍ. վīṣaṇa is associated with the tree (ṛkṣa) named Cūta; with the direction-guardian (徱) named Yama; with the serpent king (岵Ի) named Padma and with the cloud king (meghendra) named Āvarta.

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (Բ) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van ⲹūdeva’s Paümacariuվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) participated in the war between 峾 and 屹ṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in ⲹūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or 峾ⲹṇapurṇa) chapter 57ff. ⲹū or ⲹūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular 峾 story as known from the older work 峾ⲹṇa (written by ī쾱). Various chapters [mentioning վīṣaṇa] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as ṣaܳṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: academia.edu: The Chronological History of Ancient Sri LankaKing Vibhishana of Ramayana era (5677-5577 BCE) and King Vibhishana of Mahabharata era (3162 BCE).—Vibhishana, the younger brother of Ravana succeeded him in Sri Lanka. Simhala people adore Vibhishana as one of the four heavenly kings. Mahabharata (Sabhaparva, Adhyaya 30) tells us that King Vibhishana, the descendant of Pulastya, also accepted the sway of Yudhishthira. Evidently, Vibhishana, a later descendant of Vibhishana of Ramayana era was the king of Sri Lanka during Mahabharata era.

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण).�(doubtless a reminiscence of the brother of 屹ṇa so named), (1) name of a yakṣa (living at Tmra- parṇ�): Ѳ-ūī 14; (2) name of a nga king: Ѳ屹ܳٱ貹ٳپ 3303; Ѳ-ūī 247.7. (In (Āⲹ-)Ѳñśīū첹貹 17.28 probably read Yama-īṣaṇa; see Yama 3.)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—mfn.
(-ṇa�-ṇ�-ṇa�) Fearful, formidable, terrific, horrible. nf.
(-ṇa�-ṇ�) The property of exciting fear. m.
(-ṇa�) The brother of Ravana. E. vi, bhī to fear, yuc aff. ṣu augment.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—i. e. -ī, [Causal.], + ana, I. adj. Terrific, horrible, [ᾱḍi] 2, 4. Ii. m. The brother of 屹ṇa. Iii. f. ṇ�, and n. The property of exciting fear, terrifying, a means of terrifying, [ٰܱ貹īٳ] 5, 10 (n.).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण).—[adjective] terrifying, horrible. [masculine] [Name] of a Rkṣasa etc.; [neuter] frightening, terror.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorumվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[+īṣaṇa] Āñjaneyastotra.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण):—[=-īṣaṇa] [from -ī] mf()n. terrifying, fearful, horrible, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
2) [v.s. ...] bullying or blustering (as language), [Monier-Williams� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
3) [v.s. ...] m. miscarriage, abortion, [Ѳٲ]
4) [v.s. ...] Amphidonax Karka, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a brother of 屹ṇa (his other brothers were Kubera [by a different mother] and Kumbha-karṇa; both 屹ṇa and վīṣaṇa are said to have propitiated Brahm by their penances, so that the god granted them both boons, and the boon chosen by V° was that he should never, even in the greatest calamity, stoop to any mean action; hence he is represented in the 峾ⲹṇa as endeavouring to counteract the malice of his brother 屹ṇa, in consequence of which he was so ill-treated by him that, leaving Laṅk, he joined 峾, by whom, after the death of 屹ṇa, V° was placed on the throne of Laṅk), [Ѳٲ; Harivaṃśa; 峾ⲹṇa] etc.
6) [v.s. ...] of two kings of Kaśmīra (the sons of Go-narda and 屹ṇa), [Rjataraṅgiṇ� i, 192 etc.] (in later times V° appears to have been used as a general Name of the kings of Laṅk)
7) [v.s. ...] Name of an author, [Catalogue(s)]
8) վīṣaṇ� (विभीषण�):—[=-īṣaṇ�] [from -īṣaṇa > -ī] f. Name of one of the Mtṛs attending on Skanda, [Ѳٲ]
9) վīṣaṇa (विभीषण):—[=-īṣaṇa] [from -ī] n. the act or a means of terrifying, terror, intimidation, [Ѳٲ]
10) [v.s. ...] Name of the 11th Muhūrta, [Catalogue(s)]
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण):—[-īṣaṇa] (ṇa�-ṇ�-ṇa�) 1. n. f. The property of exciting fear. m. Rvana’s brother. a. Fearful, terrific.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)վīṣaṇa (विभीषण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: վīṇa, Vibhīsvaṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम� (ṃsṛt), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण) [Also spelled vibhishan]:�(nm) the youngest brother of [rvaṇa] and a devotee of [rma] in the epic story of Ramayan; a traitor, renegade.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionaryվīṇa (विभीसण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: վīṣaṇa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusվīṣaṇa (ವಿಭೀಷಣ):—[adjective] = ವಿಭೀಕರ [vibhikara].
--- OR ---
վīṣaṇa (ವಿಭೀಷಣ):�
1) [noun] he who or that which is dreadful.
2) [noun] name of an younger brother of 屹ṇa, who changed his allegiance to 峾, in 峾ⲹṇa, the great Indian epic.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionaryվīṣaṇa (विभीषण):—adj. frightening; terrifying; dreadful; alarming; hair-raising; n. Mythol. Ravana's younger brother who was of a holy disposition and so left Ravana and teamed up with Ram;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Bhishana, Vi.
Starts with: Vibhishanabhisheka, Vibhishanagita, Vibhishanakala, Vibhishananamaka.
Full-text (+83): Suvibhishana, Vaibhishana, Vibhishanagita, Lanka, Vishravas, Shurpanakha, Paulastya, Kaikasi, Kumbhakarna, Vitanan, Ciranjivi, Vibhisana Vihara, Vibhishanabhisheka, Ravana, Karkasheya, Vibhisavana, Lankadhiraja, Vipishanan, Matra, Sarama.
Relevant text
Search found 73 books and stories containing Vibhishana, Vi-bhīṣaṇa, Vi-bhisana, Vi-bhīṣaṇ�, Vi-bhishana, վīṣaṇa, Vibhisana, վīṣaṇ�, վīṇa; (plurals include: Vibhishanas, bhīṣaṇas, bhisanas, bhīṣaṇs, bhishanas, վīṣaṇas, Vibhisanas, վīṣaṇs, վīṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Hanuman Nataka (critical study) (by Nurima Yeasmin)
9.7. The character of վīṣaṇa < [Chapter 4]
Hanuman-Nṭaka, Act 14 (Summary) < [Chapter 3]
Conclusion < [Chapter 7]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivednta Nryana Gosvmī Mahrja)
Verse 1.5.18 < [Chapter 5 - Priya (the beloved devotees)]
Verse 1.4.46 < [Chapter 4 - Bhakta (the devotee)]
Verse 1.4.100-104 < [Chapter 4 - Bhakta (the devotee)]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Rama-caritabdhi-ratna of Nityananda Shastri (by Satya Vrat Shastri)
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dsa)
Verse 2.23.45-046 < [Chapter 23 - Wandering about Navadvīpa On the Day the Lord Delivered the Kazi]
Verse 1.9.57 < [Chapter 9 - Nitynanda’s Childhood Pastimes and Travels to Holy Places]
Verse 3.4.334 < [Chapter 4 - Descriptions of Śrī Acyutnanda’s Pastimes and the Worship of Śrī Mdhavendra]
Sanskrit dramas by Kerala authors (Study) (by S. Subramania Iyer)
4. Source of the Ashcharya Chudamani < [Chapter 4: Ascaryacudamani (Ashcharya Chudamani) (Study)]
7. Minor characters of the Ascaryacudamani < [Chapter 4: Ascaryacudamani (Ashcharya Chudamani) (Study)]
5. Characterisation of Shri Rama < [Chapter 6: Sita Raghava (Study)]
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