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Significance of Emancipation

Emancipation, across various belief systems, signifies a state of liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth, often intertwined with spiritual growth and the quest for ultimate freedom. In Buddhism, it embodies liberation from worldly attachments and suffering through practices aimed at achieving Nirvana. Hinduism frames it as the ultimate goal, attainable through devotion and spiritual practices like yoga, often described as moksha. Jainism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Vaishnavism echo similar themes, emphasizing technical adherence to spiritual paths leading to liberation from the constraints of material existence. Ultimately, Emancipation represents a universal pursuit for freedom from life's cycles.

Synonyms: Liberation, Freedom, Release, Discharge, Independence

In Dutch: Emancipatie; In Finnish: Emansipaatio; In Spanish: 贰尘补苍肠颈辫补肠颈贸苍; In German: Emanzipation; In Malay: Pembebasan; In Swedish: 贵谤颈驳枚谤别濒蝉别; In French: 脡尘补苍肠颈辫补迟颈辞苍

The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference.

Buddhist concept of 'Emancipation'

Buddhism Books

Emancipation in Buddhism involves achieving spiritual liberation from ignorance and suffering, ultimately escaping the cycle of birth and death (samsara) through practices such as insight meditation, understanding the Four Noble Truths, and realizing one's true nature.

Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism):
Mahayana Books

From: Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra

(1) The state of being liberated from suffering and the cycle of birth and death, closely tied to the attainment of Nirvana.[1] (2) The state of being freed from the cycle of birth and death through a deep understanding of the truth.[2] (3) The liberation from bondage to suffering and the cycle of birth and death, often associated with attaining Nirvana.[3] (4) The liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) achieved by realizing the truth of the non-self and Buddha-Nature.[4] (5) The liberation from all bonds of ignorance and illusion, leading to ultimate freedom and alignment with the truths of Dharma as exemplified by the Tathagata.[5]

From: Lankavatara Sutra

(1) The process of being freed from bondage or ignorance, achieving spiritual liberation.[6] (2) The state of liberation from suffering and ignorance, posited as an ultimate goal in Buddhist philosophy.[7]

From: Lotus Sutra (Saddharma-Pundarika)

(1) The liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, which can be difficult to achieve, as referenced in the Tathagata's teachings.[8]

Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras.

Significance in Theravada (major branch of Buddhism):
Theravada Books

From: Maha Buddhavamsa鈥擳he Great Chronicle of Buddhas

(1) The process through which individuals鈥攂oth devas and humans鈥攁chieve liberation from suffering by realizing the Four Noble Truths.[9] (2) The ultimate goal of Buddhist practice referring to liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.[10] (3) The state of being liberated from the cycle of birth and death, emphasized as a significant result of following the Buddha's teachings.[11] (4) The liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth that is achieved through understanding the Four Noble Truths.[12] (5) The state achieved by twenty crores of beings during the Buddha's demonstrations, where they were liberated through his teachings.[13]

From: A Manual of Abhidhamma

(1) The ultimate state of freedom sought through the practice of insight meditation, recognizing reality as it truly is.[14]

From: The Doctrine of Paticcasamuppada

(1) The ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of suffering and rebirth.[15]

From: Dhammapada (Illustrated)

(1) The process of liberating oneself from the cycle of suffering and rebirth through personal effort rather than reliance on external forces.[16]

Theravada is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Significance in Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism):
Tibetan Buddhism Books

From: Blue Annals (deb-ther sngon-po)

(1) A state of liberation or freedom from the cycle of suffering and ignorance, aimed for by practitioners in the gcod system.[17] (2) A state of liberation or freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth, achieved by followers of the teachings.[18] (3) The liberation from the cycle of birth and death, which sangs rgyas gnyan ston choskyi shesrab sought to achieve.[19] (4) Spiritual liberation obtained through Dam pa's blessings.[20]

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayana) are collected indepently.

Significance in Buddhism (general):

From: Apadana commentary (Atthakatha)

(1) The state of achieving liberation from worldly attachments and suffering, a key goal in Buddhist practice.[21] (2) States of liberation constituted by the four kinds of mental states leading to the escape from one's own adverse actions.[22]

From: The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha)

(1) The desire for liberation from the cycles of birth, age, and death, reflecting the prince's ultimate goal of seeking freedom from worldly attachments.[23]

Hindu concept of 'Emancipation'

Hinduism Books

In Hinduism, Emancipation signifies liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and worldly attachments, achieved through spiritual practices, understanding of Brahman, and moral righteousness, ultimately leading to eternal bliss and union with the divine.

Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history):
Purana Books

From: Mahabharata (English)

(1) The ultimate liberation of the soul from the cycle of birth and death, leading to unity with the divine.[24] (2) The ultimate goal of spiritual practices, representing liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth.[25] (3) The state of being liberated from the cycle of birth and rebirth, achieving ultimate freedom.[26] (4) The liberation from worldly attachments and sufferings, often linked with a spiritual or ascetic lifestyle.[27] (5) Liberation from the cycle of birth and death, often sought through devotion to Mahadeva.[28]

From: Harivamsha Purana

(1) The state of liberation attained through mastery over the senses and union with Brahman, leading to true happiness.[29] (2) The state of liberation that Bali seeks through his devotion and recitation of Vishnu's names.[30] (3) The liberation of the self from the cycle of rebirth and material attachments, achieving unity with Brahman.[31] (4) Moksha, the liberation of the soul from the cycle of rebirth and worldly suffering.[32]

From: Garuda Purana

(1) The ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth and death that is achieved through the realization of Brahman.[33] (2) The act of achieving liberation from the cycle of rebirths and worldly attachments, regarded as a significant goal.[34] (3) The state of being freed which is indicated to happen where Shalagrama stone is present.[35] (4) The liberation or freedom that can be obtained through religious rituals and worship.[36]

From: Vishnu Purana

(1) A state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering that Muchukunda is to eventually achieve.[37] (2) The state of being freed from the constraints of individuality and the cycle of life and death within the context of spiritual growth.[38] (3) The ultimate liberation achieved by the sage Kandu through devotion, showing the narrative's focus on spiritual aspirations and the consequences of attachment.[39]

From: Laghu-yoga-vasistha

(1) The state of being freed from the bondage and illusions of the mind, leading to the realization of truth.[40]

The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy):
Vedanta Books

From: Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara鈥檚 Commentary

(1) The state of being freed from the cycle of rebirth and attaining eternal peace, accessible through the realization of the Atman.[41] (2) The liberation from the cycle of birth and death (Samsara), achieved through the knowledge of Brahman.[42] (3) The state achieved when one is freed from the cycles of samsara, characterized by purity, immortality, and eternal bliss.[43]

From: Kena Upanishad with Shankara鈥檚 Commentary

(1) The liberation or release from the cycle of birth and death or from worldly attachments, which is the ultimate outcome sought through the knowledge of Brahman.[44] (2) The process of gaining freedom from the cycle of birth and death through enlightenment and understanding of one's true nature.[45]

From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

(1) The state that follows liberation, where one transcends limitations and attachments associated with the physical world.[46]

From: Thirty minor Upanishads

(1) The state of liberation from worldly attachments and doubts, essential for spiritual progress.[47]

From: Brahma Sutras (Shankaracharya)

(1) The liberation or release from the cycle of birth and death that is sought after in spiritual inquiry.[48]

Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma):
Vaishnavism Books

From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation

(1) The state of being freed from bondage or suffering, representing a goal for many souls.[49]

From: Haribhakti-sudhodaya

(1) The ultimate liberation from the cycle of life and death, achievable through devotion to the Lord.[50]

From: Sri Krishna-Chaitanya

(1) The state of liberation or spiritual freedom from material existence, often discussed in the context of various philosophical systems.[51]

Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Significance in Hinduism (general):

From: The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha

(1) The ultimate goal of liberation from bondage and suffering, often discussed within the context of spiritual systems.[52] (2) The ultimate goal of yoga practice, where the practitioner achieves liberation from the cycle of birth and death (moksha), resulting in a state of absolute isolation.[53] (3) The ultimate goal of human existence, which is only achievable through the grace of Vishnu, as stated in various scriptures.[54]

Significance in Yoga (school of philosophy):
Yoga Books

From: Yoga-sutras (with Vyasa and Vachaspati Mishra)

(1) The state of liberation or freedom, particularly of the Purusha from the constraints imposed by the mind.[55]

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as asanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Jain concept of 'Emancipation'

Jainism Books

In Jainism, Emancipation signifies the ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth, achieved through spiritual practices, penance, and overcoming ignorance, representing the highest goal of Jain teachings and individual spiritual journeys.

Significance in Jainism (general):

From: Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

(1) The desired state for Kanakashakti and the queens, representing freedom from worldly attachments.[56] (2) The liberation of souls that the Blessed One aims to enlighten, indicating a key spiritual goal.[57] (3) The process of being set free from restrictions or limitations, particularly in a spiritual or societal context.[58] (4) The act of being freed from worldly suffering and the cycle of rebirth, likened to the infinite bliss provided by Ananta.[59] (5) The state achieved by Atimuktaka, signifying liberation from the cycles of life.[60]

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

The concept of Emancipation in local and regional sources

History Books

Emancipation encapsulates various forms of liberation, including freedom from selfishness, political oppression, mental limitations, and societal constraints, as exemplified in Gandhi's struggle and Anand's narratives, ultimately leading to spiritual and personal freedom.

Significance in India history and geography:

From: Triveni Journal

(1) The process of freeing oneself from constraints or limitations, particularly the mental conditioning that distorts reality.[61] (2) The act of freeing individuals from constraints, particularly referring to Gandhi's efforts to liberate Indian people from British rule.[62] (3) The sense of liberation experienced by Champa and Buddhagupta as they escape their previous constraints.[63] (4) Freedom achieved solely through spiritual practice according to Aadi Sankara's philosophy.[64] (5) The process of being set free from social, political, or legal restrictions, particularly applicable to the oppressed in Anand's narratives.[65]