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According to the Paumacariya, Rsabha after distributing his kingdom among his sons, becomes a monk. Nami and Vinami approach him for their share in the kingdom. At that time Dharanendra, the lord of the Nagas (Nagaraya) establishes Nami and Vinami as the first kings of the southern and the northern parts of the Vijayardha mouniain, Rathanupuracakravalapura and Gaganavallabhapura being their respective capitals (3. 144-152). On the same occasion Dharanendra confers on them many Vidyas (superhuman powers or lores). On accoont of their hold on those Vidyas they are known as Vidyadharas (Vijjaharana vijjae 6.88). They are also called Khecaras (5. 257) because they fared in the sky by the power of their Vidyas. The Vasudevahindi agrees with the Paumacariya and further tells us that Nami and Vinami were (sambandhikumaras) some relatives of Rsabha. It also mentions that the Vidyas conferred on them were helpful in soaring them in the sky (gaganagamana joggao vijjao p. 163). The Paumacariya agrees with the Paumacariya It adds that Dharanendra assumed the form of the Jina (Rsabha) and then favoured them with kingdoms and Vidyas (3. 308). The Harivamsha-purana of Jinasenasuri also mentions that Nami and Vinami

ORIGIN AND GENEALOGY OF VARIOUS VAMSAS 209 established Vidyadharavamsa (9. 128-134). Svayambhu mentions Nami and Vinami as the sons of Kaccha and Mahakaccha (Paumacariu, 2. 13. 7). Hemacandra agrees with Svayambhu in this respect (Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra, I. p. 170f). The Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. also refers to Nami as the first lord of the Vidyadhara Vamsa. It further mentions that Kaccha and Mahakaccha were father-in-laws of Rsabha (p. 4). Thus Nami and Vinami become the brother-in-laws of Rsabha. But the Sukhabodhika Tika (p. 148) on the Kalpasutra informs us that Kaccha and Mahakaccha had filial (putrataya) relation with Rsabha. In the Valmiki Ramayana there is no information about the origin and the genealogy of the Vidyadharas. However there are stray references to them. They are mentioned as superhuman beings along with the Nagas, Gandharvas. Kinnaras, Devas, Asuras, Yaksas, Raksasas, Uragas, Siddhas, Patatris, Danavas, Bhujangas, Pannagas, Rksas and the Caranas at different places.¹ A comparison of the genealogical tables given below shows that they are generally identical except that Ravisena has made alteration in some of the names of the Paumacariya and added some new kings. Similarly Somasena has also altered some of the names of the Paumacariya He has added only one name more to the list of the Paumacariya, i. e. Vajrajangha between the fifth and the sixth king. However he has closed the list at Mrgavarman whose place is fortieth in his own list. The Paumacariya has given the names of 66 descendants while the Paumacariya mentions 73. The name of Vaidyuta between 28th and 29th names of the Paumacariya is additional in the Paumacariya Further the Paumacariya gives eight more names between Ayudha and Raktostha, i. e. 48th and 49th of the Paumacariya Thus his total number comes to 66+9-75. But it has not mentioned Naravarindu (57) and Caucuda (61) of the Paumacariya Hence. according to the Paumacariya the total number is 75 - 2=73. The names Vajradhara and Vajrasundara i. e. 15th and 19th in the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. are identical with those of the Paumacariya and not with those of the Paumacariya which names them as Vajrabhrt and Vajrasamjnaka respectively. Further Vajrapani follows Vajrasya in the Paumacariya and the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena.; and unlike the Paumacariya, it shows the direct influence of the Paumacariya or through the Harivamsha-purana of Jinasenasuri on the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. The name of Vajrasundara (18) and the place of Vajrapani (20) in the Harivamsha-purana of Jinasenasuri indicate that Jinasenasuri seems to have consulted the Paumacariya A comparative genealogy of the Vidyadhara king as found in the various Jaina works may be arranged in three groups as follows:kings referred to in the (A) Paumacariya, Paumacariya, Harivamsa Purana and Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena., (B) Paumacariya, Paumacariya and Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena.; and (C) Paumacariya and Paumacariya 1. Valmiki Ramayana, 1. 17; 4.67.45; 5.51.40; 6. 61.10 ; 7. 26.8. 14

210 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM (A) Paumacariya, 5. 14-46 1. Nami (3. 152). Nami 2. Rayanamali Ratnamalin Paumacariya, 5. 16-54 Harivamsa Purana, 13. 20-24 Nami Ratnamalin Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena., p. 8 & 13 Nami Ratnamalin 3. Rayanavajja Ratnavajra Ratnavajra Ratnavajra 4. Rayanaraha Ratnaratha Ratnaratha Maniratha 5. Rayanacitta Ratnacitra Ratnacihna 6. Candaraha Candraratha Candraratha 7. Vajja (Sangh) jangha Vajrasangha Vajrajangha 8. Sepa 9. Vajjadatta 10. Vajjaddhaa 11. Vajjauha 12. Vajja Vajrasena Vajrasena Va Vajradamstra Vajradamstra Vajradhvaja Vajradhvaja Vajrayudha Vajrayudha Ratnacitra Vajrajanagha Candraratha Vajrasangha ajrasena Vajradamstra Vajradhvaja Vajrayudha Vajra Vajra Vajra 13. Suvajja Suvajra Suvajra 14. Vajjandhara Vajrabhrt Vajrabhrt Suvajra Vajradhara 15. Vajjabha Vajrabha Vajrabha Vajrabha 16. Vajrabahu Vajrabahu Vajrabahu Vajrabahu 17. Vajjanka Vajranka Vajraaka Vajranka 18. Vajjasundara Vajrasamjnanka 19. Vajjasa Vajrasya Vajrasya 20. Vajjapani Vajrajatu 21. Vajjasujanhu ,,Vajrapani 22. Vajja Vajravat 23. Vijjumuha Vidyunmukha Vajrabhanu Vajravat Vidyunmukha Vajrasundara Vajrasya Vajrapani Vajrabhana Vajravat Vidyunmukha Vajrasundara Vajrapani

ORIGIN AND GENEALOGY OF VARIOUS VAMSAS Paumacariya, 5.14-46 24. Suvayana Paumacariya, 5.16-54 25. Vijjudatta 26. Vijju Suvakra Vidyutdamstra Vidyuddamstra Harivamsa Purana, 13.20-24 Suvakra Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. p. 8 & 13 Suvakra Vidyuddamstra Vidyudvat Vidyudvat Vidyudvat 27. Vijjutea 28. Tadivea Vidyudabha Vidyudabha Vidyudabha Vidyudvega Vidyudvega Vidyudvega Vaidyuta Vaidyuta ... 29. Vijjudadha Vidyuddamstra (And others) 30. Dadharaha (Vidyuddrdha) Drdharatha Vaidyuta Vidyuddrdha Drdharatha (B) Paumacariya, 5.14-46 31. Asadhamma Paumacariya, 5.16-54 Asvadharma 32. Assayara 33. Asaddhaa 34. Paumaniha 35. Paumamali 36. Paumaraha 37. Sihavaha 38. Mayadhamma 39. Mehasiha Padmaratha Simhayana Mrgavarman (Mrgadharma ?) Meghasra Asvayu Asvadhvaja Padmanabha Padmamalin Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena., 1.8 Rathasva Ayudhavahana Asvadhvaja Padmaprabha Padmamalin Padmaratha Simhayana Mrgavarman (And others) 12 211 2

212 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM (C) Paumacariya, 5. 14-46 Paumacariya 5. 16-54 Paumacariya, 5.14-46 44. 40. Sambhua 41. Sihaddhaa 42. Sasanka 43. Candanka Candasihara 45. Indaraha Simhasaprabhu Simhaketu - Sasankasya 50. Haricanda 51. Puracanda Candrahva Candrasekhara Indraratha 52. Punnacanda 53. Valinda 54. Candacuda 55. Gayanindu 46. Candaraha Candraratha 56. Duranana Paumacariya, 5.16-54 Haricandra Pumscandra Purnacandrama Balendu Candramascuda Vyomendu Udupatana 47. Sasankadhamma Cakradharma 57. Naravarindu ... 48. Auha Ayudha. 58. Egacuda Ekacuda Cakradhvaja 59. Docuda Dvicuda Manigriva Manyanka 60. Ticuda Tricuda 61. Caucuda : : Manibhasura 62. Vajjacuda Vajracuda Manisyandana 63. Bahucuda Bhuricuda Manyasya 64. Sihacuda Bimbostha Lavitadhara 65. Jalanajadi 49. Rattattha Raktostha 66. Akkatea (And others) Arkacudaka Vahnijatin Vahnitejas (And others) (Rattottha ?)