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The concept of Sphotavada or Shabda-Brahma is the foundation of Tantric sound-theory and Tantric mantra practice. This declares that everything (subtle and gross) originates in sound. "ccording to ancient and authoritative, Yoga sources, the whole universe is formed out of fity distinct "Mother" vibrations, called Matrika. These Matrika were revealed through Yoga, to the Rishis and Yogis of the remote Past. Comprehending the nature of the speech principle (Shabda Brahma) as being cosmically inseparable from the Brahman, and realising the potentiality of the word-principle (Vak-tattva), they formulated a "language" of "manifest-matrika", which become known as Sanskrit. The sanskrit alphabet of fity

203 "manifest-matrika" became, as it still is today, the medium of communication of the Vedantist, Rishi, Yogi and Bratman (p.52). Pure Sanskrit (as sound distinct from meaning) is the base upoun which sabda-yoga (Mantrayana), the essence of Tantra Yoga, is founded. Mantras are "Sound formulae" formed by carefully "Stringing together" selected Primordeal vibrations (Bija) according to their natural and cosmological relationship (Douglas, 1971, p.51). The theory of vibration (spanda) relates directly to the concept of potential sound (shabda-tanmatra) which develops into the individual matrika as the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet. These letters are called Varnas, meaning colours, as each of these distinct "matrixvibrations" has a definite colour affinity. As the gross aspect of the subtle (sabda), these "phenomenal seeds" are the foundation of the ever-changing reality and are inseparable from consciousness. Consciousness, subtle sound, manifest sound, form, colour and the elements are all inter related. Every Matrika has a Sakti (Energy) of all the Saktis, Kundalini-Sakti is the greatest. This "serpent energy of the potential vibration, is the "atomic" energy of the microsom contained within the body there is a great power-potential. It is the power of the cosmos "coild in the lower centres, the Kundalini-Sakti may be relased through "Vibrational" activity. This vibrational

204 activity. This vibrational activity can be of three kinds (Douglas, 1971, p.51,52): (1) Through Breath-control (Pranayama): Breath-Activity- (2) Through wound (Mantra): Sound-Activity. (3) Through Elemental: Alchemical-Activity. Each of Cakras (centres) are described as being "lotus-like" with "petals" of a specific number and with associated "Seed-ounds" (Bija), Forms (Yantra) and presiding "deity" (devata). The "petals" branch of into the "pathways" (Nadi)" like spokes of an umbrella," through which the subtle "air" (Prana-Vayus: Vitality-essences) can move throughout the whole psycho-organism. These develop and control the secretions (Bindus), which in turn (by means of the endocrine-mechanism) govern the physical body. The ancient tradition differes with the later "popular" tradition, as with the number of emnating "petals" of the centres. The three principle Nadi (Nada: sound wave) are associated with colour (Red: Ica, White: Pingala, Dark: Susumna) and Matrix-sounds called Ali (wovel-vibrations)16 in number and Kali (consonant-vibrations), 34 in number and connected with Rasa (Pingala nadi). "Our speech is called uttering (Japa), because it is the enumeration of Ali and Kali" (Hevajra Tantra) (Douglas, 1971, p.56).

205 The Sun and the Moon, in some of the caryos are further connected with Kali (consonants beginning with Ka) and ali (vowels i.e. vowels and consonants have been made into the anklets and the sun and the moon into rings of the ears (Bagchi, P.C., 1939, p.63). Kundali as Mahamatrika sundari has fifty-one coils, which are the Matrikas of subtle forms of the gross letters or varna which is the vaikhari form of the sabda at the centres. undali when with one coil is bindu, with two, Prakrti-Purusa; with three Saktis (Iccha, Jnana, Kriya) and three gunas (satva, Rajas and Tamas); with the three and a half she is then actually creative with Vikrti; with four she is Devi Ekagata, t and so on to Srimatrike pattisundari with fifty-one coils. In the body, unmanifested Para-sabda is in Kundali-sakti (SP, p.116-117). According to an inner explanation given in the Indian Tantra-Sastra this string of heads is the Gerland of letters (Varnamala), that is the fifty, and as some count it, fiftyone letters of the sanskrit alphabet. The same interpretation is given in the Buddhist Dechog Tantra in respect of the Gerland worm by the great Hemka (See Sri Cakra Sambhaba- A Buddhist Tantra) (GL-265). m n ru In the Indian system the total number of the petals corresponds with the number of the letters of the

206 the Sanskrit Alphabet ( which are sometimes given as 50 and sometimes as 51) and the number of the petals of any specific lotus is determined by the disposition of the subtile "nerves" or Nadis around it. These potals, further, bear subtile sound powers and are fifty in member, as the letters of the Sanskrit Alphabet. KA LI It is in this sense that the universe is said to be composed of the letters. It is the fifty (or as some count them fiftyone) letters of the Sanskrit alphabet are denoted by the Garland of severed heads which the naked Mother Kali, dark like threatening rain cloud, id wears as she stands amist bones and carrion, bests and birds, in the burning ground, on the white corpse. Like (Sava-rupa) body of Siva. For it is she who "slaughters", that is withdraws all speech and to objects into Herself at the time of the dissolution of all things (Mahapralaya). From her in her aspect of Maha-Kundalini coiled round the Siva-bindu they are derived. Maha-kundalini, when with one coil is Bindu, with two Prakriti Furusa; with three Saktis (Iccha, Jnana, Kriya and the three Gunas, Rajas, Sattva, Tamas), with three and a half she is then actually creative with Vikriti. Then with four coils and on to 51. Each coil is said to represent the Matrika or a subtle form of each of the letters (Verna) and to denote the number of Kutas or divisons in Mantras of each of three Devatas.

207 The Yoga kundalini upanisad says: "That Vak (Power of speech of Logos) which sprouts in Para gives forth leaves in Pasyanti, bunds in Madhyama and blossoms in Vaikhari. By reversing the above order sound is absorbed (GL-p 250-252). Kali is the Deity in that aspect in which it withdraws all things which it had created itself. Kali is so called because she devours Kala (Time) and then resumes her own dark formlessness( GL, p.261-262). Thou Because Thou devourest Kala, art called Kali and because Thou art the origin of and devomest all things Thou are called the Adya-Kali (GL, p.262). He alone worships without fear, who has abandoned all wordly desires, and seeks union with Her as one Blissful and Perfect experience. On the burning ground all wordly desires are burnt away (p.263) (GL-p.263). When Kali withdraws the world, that is the names and forms which the letters segnify, the dualism in consciousness, which is creation, varushes. There is neither "I" (Aham) nor "This" (Idam) but the non-dual Perfect Experience which Kali in Her own true nature (Svarupa) is. In this way Her Gerland is understood (GL, p.267). Dr.Rakhal Das Roy has given in his book very interesting interrelationship of the Matrikas at different places in relation to the human body, Planets, Nakshatras

208 and Earth. This will itself show how a big hidden science works in the field of Tantra in relation to the human basis of our astrobody and in Mantra Science on the logical names according to Sanskrit alphabet which are kept on the astrological basis. Dr. Rakhal Das Roy described accordingly in short. In Indian Astrology the word Jytisha is derived from the Sanskrit root "Dhyuti" meaning light. There are twentyseven Nakshatras and they are used frequently for predicting future results according to the rules of Jyotisha shastra. The Nakshtras are usually translated as a collection of stara, but really it has for deeper meaning and conveys many ideas. The Nakshatras have been used very widely in the Tantra shastras. Every thing in this world being made up of sound, the Nakshatras are no exception. The composition of the different nakshatras as described in Vamakeswar Tantra. yugameka naya beda ekamekam tatah 11 eka yugmam yugmameka yugmam yugam kramata eka yugmam naye paika trayamekaikameka kam yugma meka bhini yugmam vindu visargayuk || nanamarna nirnayah kathita priye || (Vama keswar Tantra VIII: 30-32)

Name of Nakshatras Letters 1. Aswini 2. Bharani 37 GT 3. Krittica i u u 4. Rohini D 5. Mrigashira 6. Ardra 7. Punawasu A hai 37 at 18 8. Fushya 9. Ashlesha cha ga 10. Magha 11. Purva-phalguni J 15 12. Utter-phalguni E 27 13. Hasta 14. Chitra 15. Swati 16. Vishakha (F da na 17. nuradha ta tha da 18. Jesthya DJ 19. Moda IT na pa pha 20. 21. Purvashada Jtterashada 22. Shravana 23. Dnanistha +1 ya ra 24. Shatavisha la 31 209

25 Purva-bhadrapada saba 26. Utter-bhadrapada 27. Ravati 67246 maim na na With the help of these fifty alphabets are the Rishis established a wonderful relationship between the conception of self and universe. Every one practising Sadhana according to the teachings of the Sastras has to perform Matrika nyasa. In this, one directs his mind on certain parts of the body where one letter of the alphabet is inagined. The rules of this are as mentioned below 1 lala mukha vrttaditi pranesu gandayoh odantottamagasyadoh pat sandhya grakesu va | parsvayoh prsthato nabha jare hrdaye hamsake kaka purva pani yuge tatha jata rananayotyenmatrkani yathakramam (cited at Sat-chakras and their anatomical identification by Dr. R.D.Roy, p. 110). This means that the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet are imagined as located on the various parts of the body as shown below: F na 2- GT 3- 4On the fore head " whole face " right eye 11 left eye 5- 3 " right year 210

6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 35 11- Q 12- 13-07 14- 37 On the left Ear On the right nose " left nose " right cheek "" left cheek " Upper lip ai " lower lip upper gums " lower gums 15- a " Brahma rand hara 11 16- kha " 17- ka mouth rt. shoulder ft. " elbow 18-J " " 19- 51 20- " " 掳 11 11 wrist " " metacarpophallangial " finger tips. lt. shoulder jt. 21-5. " 22-9 23- 245 " " 25- mem 26-57 27-2 28- 29-5 30-6 31-s N " " elbow " " wrist metacarpophallangeal " " " finger tips. " rt. hip jt. " " " knee " " " ankle " " " metatarsal & toe joint toe tips 211

32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 380 39- 40- 3 ti On the lt. hip joint " " J ya knee " da hor 4 11 " " " pa D " " 11 ankle metatarsal toe toe tips rt. flank " 1t. flank " back "T " umbilicus 41 - ma " pit of the stomach 42- 4 FJ 43- ra tor 44- la 31 45- va 10 46RT 47- 48- 49- 50-2 51- ksa " " chest rt. shoulder " joint of neck " left shoulder 212 Over the area from heart to the hand finger tips. Over the area from heart to the right finger ko Over the area from heart to the left leg toe. Over the area from heart to the right leg toe. Over the area from heart to the pelvic region. Over the area from the heart to the top of head. The ancient seens described the relation between the Nakshatras and the letters of the alphabet. with the help of these Nakshatras they divided the surface of the

213 earth and the sky above. For showing these relationship, the surface of the earth is divided into a Varshas ofd each varsha is under the influence of letters forming these stars. Varshas have been identified with the help of descriptions in "Adruta Sagar". The table No.3 given below makes it clear. Name of Varsha No. of stars Alphabets Modern names 1. Ilavita 3,4,5 2. Bharata 6,7,8 ai jo jo kam 3. Kimpurusa 9,10,11 4. Bhadraswa 12,13, 14 CT 2 oma ma S S i u om hai hai lum lr e Europe minus Scandinavia Whole of Asia. Asustralia Africa 5. hari 15, 16, 177 na ta tha da 6. Ketumal 18,19,2048 7. Ramyak 21,22,23 bha ma ya ra 8. Kuru 24,25,26 Antarctic South America North America la va sa sa sa ha 9. heranmay 27,1,2 mam ga va ya ma Scandinia and British Isles. Canadian Archinelago and Greenland.

214 At look at any physical map of Europe will show at once that Scandinavia, British Isles etc. were separated from the main land of Europe by the present great low land plain and formed a separate group. Similarly a physical map of North America will show the clain of lakes from the great Bear Lake in the north down to the gulf of St. Lawrence might have been a continuous sheet of water separating the north-western Canada from its north-eastern portion, which together with Archipelago north of Canada and greenland might have formed a separate group. Similarly the Nakshatras are grouped into nine Bitnis (groups of Nakshatras) in the Sky. Their names are as below in tabular form. 2,3,15 2. Gaja " 4,5,6 7,8,9,10 " 4. Arshavi 11,12 5. Go 25,26,27,1 Name of 1. Nag bithi 3. Airavath" " No. of Nakshatra forming the Bimu Letters i u u da +12942 jo oka ga 98 15 ba sa ha a a:ksa a a 6. Jaradgava" 22,23,24 ma ya ra la " 7. Mriga 13,14 5. " 8. Aja 16,17 7 na ta tha da " 9. Avika 18,19,20,21 dha na pa pha ba bha

Thus the conception seems to be that the seat 215 of the root energy is in the Sunya Sthana within the brain. The root energy has been called OM. The 50 letters of the alphabet are placed on the petals of the cakras, on the surface of the gross body, on the surface of the earth and on the face of the sky and show the interrelationship amongst themselves (Roy, p. 109-114).