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1 痴峁泃迟颈蝉 for Rasas

啶�啶む�嵿い啷� 鈥溹ざ啷冟�權�嵿�椸ぞ啶班す啶距じ啷嵿く啶曕ぐ啷佮ぃ啷堗ぐ啶苦�� 啶曕�堗ざ啶苦�曕�� 啶膏�嵿く啶距い啷嶁�� 啶囙い啶� 啶曕�嬥す啶侧�囙え啶距�曕�嵿い啶� 啶むえ啷嵿ぎ啷佮え啶苦ぎ啶むさ啶苦ぐ啷嬥ぇ啶距う啷佮お啷囙�曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶�啷囙��, 啶むじ啷嵿く 啶む�� 啶�啶む�嵿ぐ 啶�啶む�嵿ぐ啶距え啷佮げ啷嵿が啶｀ぞ 啶氞た啶む�嵿い啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦�� 啶膏ぞ 啶膏ぞ 啶曕�堗ざ啶苦�曕��啶む�嵿く啶多く啶� 啷� 啶忇さ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌じ啶ㄠき啶距ぃ啶�啷嬥ぐ啶�啶� 啶掂ぞ啶椸�嵿さ啷嵿く啶距お啶距ぐ啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぇ啶距え啷嵿く啶距う啷囙さ 啶�啶距ぐ啶む��啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦��, 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿�氞�嵿�涏ぞ啶︵�� 啶む�� 啶掂�嵿く啶距お啶距ぐ啶距き啶距さ啷� 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啷嵿く啶�啶距さ 啶忇さ 啷� 啶� 啶灌た 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶� 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦が啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶むく啶� 啶膏ぎ啶班�嵿ぅ啶ㄠ��啶�啶�啶苦い啷嵿く啶侧ぎ啶むた啶�啷嵿ぐ啶膏�曕�嵿い啷嵿く啶� 啷�

yattu 鈥�艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补丑腻蝉测补办补谤耻峁嘺颈谤颈丑补 办补颈艣颈办墨 蝉测腻迟鈥� iti kohalen膩kta峁� tanmunimatavirodh膩dupek峁�yameva, tasya tu yatra 测补迟谤腻苍耻濒产补峁嚹� 肠颈迟迟补惫峁泃迟颈岣� s膩 s膩 办补颈艣颈办墨tya艣aya岣� | eva峁� prahasana产丑腻峁嘺yorapi v膩g惫测腻辫腻谤补pr膩dh膩ny膩deva 产丑腻谤补迟墨惫峁泃迟颈岣�, m奴rcch膩dau tu vy膩p膩r膩bh膩ve v峁泃tyabh膩va eva | na hi 蝉补谤惫补峁� 苍腻峁瓂补峁� 惫峁泃迟颈brahmatay膩 samarthan墨yamityalamatiprasakty膩 |

鈥�(础产丑颈苍补惫补产丑腻谤补迟墨, Commentary on 18.111, GOS Vol. II, p.452) 

Abhinavagupta discusses the different 惫峁泃迟颈蝉 to be used in order to bring out different rasas. 

In addition to the four 惫峁泃迟颈蝉 namely, 产丑腻谤补迟墨, 蝉腻迟惫补迟墨, 办补颈艣颈办墨 and 腻谤补产丑补峁���, he refers to a fifth 惫峁泃迟颈 called 鈥�phala 惫峁泃迟颈鈥� (perhaps mentioned by another scholar) but finally ends by saying that only four are to be accepted. 

啶� 啶�啶侧さ啷冟い啷嵿い啶苦ぐ啷嵿さ啶� 啶曕ぞ啶氞た啶︵た啶むた 啶氞い啶膏�嵿�� 啶忇さ 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶�啶� (啶囙い啶�) 啷�

na phala惫峁泃迟颈rv膩 k膩ciditi catasra eva v峁泃taya岣� (iti) |

鈥�狈腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补 of Bharatamuni: 2001: Comm. on 18.111 GOS Vol. II: p.452

Subsequently he presents his own views on the matter by saying everything in 苍腻峁瓂补 does not have to have a 惫峁泃迟颈. The stage does not have a 惫峁泃迟颈, instruments like 尘峁沝补峁単补, 辫补峁嘺惫补 and 惫补峁兣沘 do not have a 惫峁泃迟颈, and though a 办腻惫测补 is governed by 惫峁泃迟颈蝉, nothing which does not involve 鈥榓ction鈥� on the stage needs to be described along with a 惫峁泃迟颈. 

Abhinava states that since there is more 尘补苍辞-惫测腻辫腻谤补 (mind-related activity) in some states such as intoxication and unconsciousness, the 蝉腻迟迟惫补迟墨 惫峁泃迟颈 is to be used. In the case of 办补谤耻峁嚹� rasa, though both mano-惫测腻辫腻谤补 and deha-惫测腻辫补谤补 (body-related activity) are present, due to the profuseness of v膩g-惫测腻辫腻谤补 (speech鈥攔elated activity), the 产丑腻谤补迟墨 惫峁泃迟颈 is to be used. 

In this context Abhinavagupta quotes a statement of Kohala鈥�

啶多�冟�權�嵿�椸ぞ啶�-啶灌ぞ啶膏�嵿��-啶曕ぐ啷佮ぃ啷堗ぐ啶苦す 啶曕�堗ざ啶苦�曕�� 啶膏�嵿く啶距い啷�

艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补-丑腻蝉测补-karu峁嘺iriha 办补颈艣颈办墨 蝉测腻迟

Meaning that in the case of 艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补, 丑腻蝉测补 and 办补谤耻峁嚹� rasas, the 办补颈艣颈办墨 惫峁泃迟颈 is to be used. Abhinava says that this view is contradictory to that of Bharata鈥檚 and should therefore be discarded. According to Bharata, 办补颈艣颈办墨 惫峁泃迟颈 is only to be employed in circumstances where there is a non-intense and peaceful mental state (补苍耻濒产补峁嚹� citta惫峁泃迟颈). Therefore even prahasana and 产丑腻峁嘺, due to the abundance of v膩g-惫测腻辫补谤补 (dialogues) have to use only the 产丑腻谤补迟墨 惫峁泃迟颈. And depiction of states such as unconsciousness does not need any 惫峁泃迟颈 at all.

M. R. Kavi has given the entire verse of which Abhinava鈥檚 citation is just a part. The verse runs as follows:

啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦し啷� 啶班じ啶掂た啶�啶距�椸��
啶掂��啶班ぞ啶︵�嵿き啷佮い啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌じ啶ㄠ�堗ぐ啶苦�� 啶�啶距ぐ啶む�� 啶膏�嵿く啶距い啷嵿じ啶距い啷嵿い啷嵿さ啶む�嵿く啶�啷�啶� 啶椸う啶苦い啶距う啷嵿き啷佮い啶掂��啶班ぐ啷屶う啷嵿ぐ啷堗�� 啷�
啶多�冟�權�嵿�椸ぞ啶班す啶距じ啷嵿く啶曕ぐ啷佮ぃ啷堗ぐ啶�啶� 啶曕�堗ざ啶苦�曕�� 啶膏�嵿く啶距う啶苦し啷嵿�熰ぞ 啶�啶�啶距え啶曕く啷佮い啶距ぐ啶�啶熰�� 啶膏ぐ啷屶う啷嵿ぐ啶� 啷�
鈥断�曕�嬥す啶侧��

惫峁泃迟颈峁�u rasavibh膩ga岣�
v墨r膩dbhutaprahasanairiha 产丑腻谤补迟墨 蝉测腻迟s膩ttvatyap墨ha gadit膩dbhuta惫墨谤补raudrai岣� |
艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补丑腻蝉测补karu峁嘺irapi 办补颈艣颈办墨 sy膩di峁ａ弓膩 产丑补测腻苍补办补yut腻谤补产丑补峁��� saraudr膩 ||
鈥�办辞丑补濒补岣�^[1]

According to this verse, Kohala has prescribed the 产丑腻谤补迟墨 惫峁泃迟颈 for 惫墨谤补, adbhuta and 丑腻蝉测补 rasas, 蝉腻迟迟惫补迟墨 惫峁泃迟颈 for adbhuta, 惫墨谤补 and raudra rasas, 办补颈艣颈办墨 惫峁泃迟颈 for 艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补, 丑腻蝉测补 and 办补谤耻峁嚹� rasas and 腻谤补产丑补峁��� 惫峁泃迟颈 for 产丑补测腻苍补办补 and raudra rasas. M. R. Kavi gives this verse under the name of Kohala, but does not mention the source from which he obtained it.

2 痴峁泃迟颈蝉 for R奴pakas

啶むい啷嵿ぐ 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦え啷嵿く啷傕え啶距え啶� 啶班�傕お啶曕ぞ啶｀�嵿く啶距す 啶掂��啶ム��啶む�嵿く啶︵�� 啷� 啶多�囙し啶距ぃ啶� 啶班�傕お啶距ぃ啷�啶むた 啶掂�曕�嵿い啶掂�嵿く啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶�啶︵�� 啶ㄠぞ啶�啶椸�嵿ぐ啶灌ぃ啶� 啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶�啶�啶むた 啷� 啶忇い啶︵え啷佮�曕�嵿い啶距え啷嵿く啶�啶� 啶班�傕お啶曕ぞ啶｀�� 啶膏�傕き啶掂え啷嵿い啶� 啶呧い 啶忇さ 啶班�傕お啶曕さ啶苦ざ啷囙し啶椸ぃ啶ㄠぎ啶距き啷嵿く啷� 啶掂た啶ㄠた啶膏�嵿じ啷冟い啶�啶苦い啶� 啶侧�曕�嵿し啶｀じ啷嵿く啷嬥う啶距す啶班ぃ啶�啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啷� 啶む�囙�� 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啷�啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶掂た啶ㄠた啶�啷嬥�椸さ啶苦�曕げ啷嵿お啶膏ぎ啷佮�氞�嵿�氞く啷堗�� 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啷嵿く啶權�嵿�椸ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶� 啶�啶灌さ啷� 啶班�傕お啶曕き啷囙う啶� 啶�啶掂え啷嵿い啶� 啷� 啶む�囙し啶距�� 啶�啶班�� 啶曕�嬥す啶侧ぞ啶︵た啶�啶苦ぐ啷嵿え啶距ぎ啶�啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶｀��啶むぎ啷� 啷� 啶侧�曕�嵿し啶｀�囙�� 啶む�嵿さ啶苦�� 啶膏�權�嵿�椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ 啶忇さ 啶む�� 啷�

tatra 惫峁泃迟颈ny奴n膩ni r奴pak膩峁噛膩ha v墨th墨tyadi | 艣e峁Ｄ佱箛i r奴p膩峁嚹玹i vaktavye 辫谤补迟颈辫补诲补峁� 苍腻尘补驳谤补丑补峁嘺峁� j帽膩payati | etadanukt膩nyapi r奴pak膩峁噄 sa峁僢havanti ata eva r奴pakavi艣e峁�aga峁嘺nam膩bhyo viniss峁泃amiti 濒补办峁�a峁嘺syod膩hara峁嘺m膩tram | tena v峁泃t墨n膩峁� viniyogavikalpasamuccayai岣� v峁泃tya峁単膩n膩峁� ca bahavo r奴pakabhed膩 bhavanti | te峁Ｄ佱箖 辫补谤补峁� kohal膩dibhirn膩mam膩tra峁� pra峁嚹玹am | lak峁�a峁噀na tviha sa峁単峁沨墨t膩 eva te |

鈥�(础产丑颈苍补惫补产丑腻谤补迟墨, Commentary on 18.7-8, GOS Vol. II, p.410)

Bharata gives the respective 惫峁泃迟颈蝉 to be used for all the 诲补艣补谤奴辫补办补蝉. For instance, 苍腻峁璦办补 and 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 have to have all four 惫峁泃迟颈蝉. Abhinava also gives the examples of the drama 惭耻诲谤腻谤腻办峁�a蝉补 as one devoid of 办补颈艣颈办墨 惫峁泃迟颈 and 痴别峁嚹玸补尘丑腻谤补 as having only 蝉腻迟迟惫补迟墨 and 腻谤补产丑补峁��� 惫峁泃迟颈蝉. Abhinava, while discussing 惫峁泃迟颈蝉 examines the use of these in the different varieties of 谤奴辫补办补蝉. In this context he says that Kohala has mentioned the names of other varieties of plays, but by 濒补办峁�a峁嘺, they are all already included as part of the 诲补艣补谤奴辫补办补. Even though Bharata does not mention the names or the 濒补办峁�a峁嘺s of these additional varieties of dramatic forms, Abhinava says that their characteristic features are all already contained within the framework of the 诲补艣补谤奴辫补办补. He is trying to say that the major dramatic forms are only ten in number, but the minor ones are also to be treated as part of these because their 濒补办峁�a峁嘺s are already included in those of the 诲补艣补谤奴辫补办补蝉.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

叠丑补谤补迟补办辞艣补: 1999: p. 634