Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in Managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in Managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Krishna G S
PG Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & PG Centre, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
L Mahadevan
Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & PG Centre, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Kasthuri Nair A
Assistant Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & PG Centre, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Arun Pratap
Professor & HOD, Department of Kayachikitsa, Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College & PG Centre, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in Managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10i6.1449
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance and relative insufficiency in insulin secretion. T2DM accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Symptoms include increased urination, thirst, hunger, fatigue, and weight loss, which can severely affect the quality of life. Ayurvedic approaches, particularly the understanding of Avaranajanya Madhumeha (a type of diabetes), offer insights into managing T2DM through natural formulations like Abhrakadi Yogam, which displays properties beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels.
Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing T2DM. This Ayurvedic formulation contains several ingredients that exhibit properties like Deepana, Pachana, and Medohara, which aid in improving metabolic functions and glucose regulation. The study included ten subjects newly diagnosed with T2DM, who received Abhrakadi Yogam (4 g thrice daily) along with honey for 90 days, followed by a 30-day follow-up. Subjective and objective assessments revealed significant improvements in clinical features and laboratory parameters, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and HbA1c levels. The trial demonstrated the potential of Ayurvedic treatments to effectively manage the symptoms and conditions associated with T2DM.
Understanding Avaranajanya Madhumeha
Avaranajanya Madhumeha refers to the type of diabetes characterized by an obstruction in the physiological flow caused by the accumulation of Kapha Dosha. In the initial phases of T2DM, symptoms such as excessive thirst and urination arise due to the disturbance of the body's natural metabolism. Ayurvedic texts suggest that dietary habits linked to the consumption of heavy and sweet foods can lead to metabolic derangements, progressively worsening the condition through elevated Kapha and subsequent deterioration of other Doshas. Understanding this pathophysiology provides a framework for employing herbal formulations that address these imbalances, highlighting the importance of treating both symptoms and underlying causes.
Conclusion
The results of this study underscore the clinical efficacy and safety of Abhrakadi Yogam as a viable treatment option for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Participants experienced significant reductions in subjective complaints and improved laboratory values, maintaining safe levels of liver enzymes and kidney function throughout the study. The positive outcomes suggest that Ayurvedic formulations like Abhrakadi Yogam not only help in managing diabetes but also actively contribute to enhancing the quality of life for patients, without the adverse effects commonly associated with conventional diabetes medications. Thus, incorporating Abhrakadi Yogam into treatment regimens could offer a beneficial alternative for managing T2DM in a holistic manner.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the objective of the study on Abhrakadi Yogam?
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by assessing its effects on clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters over 90 days and a subsequent follow-up.
How was Abhrakadi Yogam administered to the participants?
Abhrakadi Yogam was given at a dosage of 4 grams three times daily before meals, along with honey as an Anupana, for a duration of 90 days, with assessments at the start, end, and a 30-day follow-up.
What were the main findings regarding the effects of Abhrakadi Yogam?
Significant improvements were observed in subjective symptoms and objective lab parameters, including reductions in fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and HbA1c levels, demonstrating the clinical efficacy and safety of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in Managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Abhrakadi:
Abhrakadi Yogam is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation used in the study for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It contains ingredients with properties beneficial for this condition, including anti-diabetic and restorative benefits.
2) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation refers to the neuropathic symptoms like burning of palms and soles commonly seen in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It is among the subjective parameters assessed in the study to evaluate the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam.
3) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda. In the context of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it is primarily involved in Avaranajanya Madhumeha (a variety of Madhumeha), which is similar to the disease in terms of etiopathogenesis.
4) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. In managing Type 2 Diabetes, balancing the Doshas, especially Kapha and Pitta, is crucial as their vitiation leads to disease progression.
5) Vata:
Vata is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda responsible for movement and function within the body. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Vata gets obstructed by Kapha and Pitta, which leads to symptoms like polyuria and dryness of the mouth.
6) Drug:
Drug in the context of the article refers to Ayurvedic formulations like Abhrakadi Yogam administered for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. These drugs have various properties like Deepana and Rasayana, critical for disease management.
7) Thirst:
Thirst, or polydipsia, is a common symptom observed in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by an increased intake of water. This is one of the subjective parameters that significantly improved in the study post-treatment.
8) Kleda:
Kleda signifies excess moisture or dampness within the body, which is a critical pathogenic factor in Avaranajanya Madhumeha, resulting in symptoms like polyuria. The Abhrakadi Yogam used in the study has Kleda Shoshana properties.
9) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the seven fundamental tissues in Ayurveda. In the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, ensuring the proper functioning and nourishment of Dhatus is essential to restore normal physiological function.
10) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa denotes taste, which in Ayurveda, impacts the Doshas. The Rasa of Abhrakadi Yogam includes Katu (pungent), Tikta (bitter), and Kashaya (astringent), which help balance elevated blood glucose levels.
11) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana refers to rejuvenative therapies in Ayurveda aimed at enhancing the quality of life. Abhrakadi Yogam possesses Rasayana properties, optimizing beta-cell function and preventing complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
12) Blood:
Blood glucose levels are significant indicators of diabetes management. Improvements in fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and HbA1c levels were observed following treatment with Abhrakadi Yogam.
13) Guna:
Guna refers to qualities or attributes in Ayurveda. The Laghu (light) and Ruksha (dry) Gunas of Abhrakadi Yogam contribute to its therapeutic effectiveness in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by alleviating Kapha and Medas.
14) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas, associated with metabolism and digestion. Its vitiation along with Kapha in Avaranajanya Madhumeha disrupts homeostasis, necessitating the use of Tridoshahara drugs like Abhrakadi Yogam.
15) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Medas refers to fat tissues that, when vitiated, contribute to the progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Abhrakadi Yogam has Medohara properties that help in reducing excessive Medas.
16) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha-dosha's involvement in Type 2 Diabetes is central, as its vitiation leads to symptoms seen in Avaranajanya Madhumeha. Managing Kapha is crucial for effective treatment, and Abhrakadi Yogam targets this Dosha specifically.
17) Shoshana (Sosana):
Shoshana means drying. In the context of Abhrakadi Yogam, it refers to the mitigation of excess Kleda in the body, reducing symptoms like polyuria and improving overall metabolic balance.
18) Kasturi:
Kasthuri Nair A is one of the authors of the study on the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, contributing to the research from the Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College.
19) Madhura:
Madhura refers to the sweet taste, which increases Kapha and is implicated in diabetes if consumed excessively. Ayurvedic treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam often have tastes antagonistic to Madhura to balance glucose levels.
20) Prameha:
Prameha is a broad term for urinary disorders in Ayurveda, including diabetes. Abhrakadi Yogam is traditionally used in Prameha Chikitsa due to its properties like Deepana, Pachana, and Pramehaghna.
21) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna G S is the primary author of the study evaluating the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, contributing significantly to the research and analysis.
22) Family:
Family history of diabetes is a risk factor. Some subjects in the study reported a family history of DM, indicating a genetic predisposition which can influence the onset and management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
23) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine from India. It uses holistic approaches to treat diseases like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus through formulations like Abhrakadi Yogam, focusing on restoring balance among the Doshas.
24) Lekhana:
Lekhana refers to the scraping action, a property of Abhrakadi Yogam that helps in reducing excess Medas and Kleda, contributing to the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
25) Disease:
Disease in the article refers to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and influenced by factors like insulin resistance. Proper management includes balancing the Doshas and lifestyle modifications.
26) Vikara:
Vikara translates to disease or disorder. In Ayurveda, managing Vikara like Type 2 Diabetes involves understanding the etiological factors, such as the vitiation of Doshas and impaired metabolic processes, and targeting them with specific treatments.
27) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the tissues or substances that get vitiated and contribute to the disease process. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dushyas like Kapha and Medas are targeted by treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam.
28) Honey:
Honey, or Madhu, is used as an adjuvant or Anupana in the administration of Abhrakadi Yogam. Its properties like Lekhana enhance the efficacy of the formulation in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
29) Katu:
Katu is the pungent taste, which has properties like Deepana and Pachana. These attributes help in enhancing digestion and metabolism, reducing elevated blood glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
30) Madhurarasa (Madhura-rasa):
[see source text or glossary: Madhura-rasa]
31) Avarana:
Avarana refers to the obstruction of normal physiological pathways. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Avarana of Vata by Kapha and Pitta leads to symptoms and disease progression, treatable by formulations like Abhrakadi Yogam.
32) Anupana:
Anupana is the substance used as a vehicle to administer Ayurvedic medicines. Honey is used as Anupana in the study for Abhrakadi Yogam, enhancing its therapeutic effects.
33) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya is the astringent taste, which helps in Kleda Shoshana and Srothoshodhana, essential for managing symptoms like polyuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
34) Nidana:
Nidana in Ayurveda refers to the causative factors of a disease. Understanding Nidana is crucial for the effective management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using tailored treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam.
35) Srotas (Shrotas):
Srotas are the channels within the body responsible for transportation and transformation of substances. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the Mutravaha Srotas are affected, leading to symptoms which can be managed by clearing blockages with specific herbs.
36) Tikta:
Tikta is the bitter taste, which has pharmacological actions like Deepana and Pachana. These actions help in reducing elevated Kapha and balancing metabolism, beneficial in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
37) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna denotes heat or warmth. Herbs with Ushna Veerya like Haridra used in Abhrakadi Yogam help in Amapachana and Medohara, aiding in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
38) Apana:
Apana refers to the downward-moving Vata responsible for excretory functions. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, therapies often aim to normalize Apana Vata to correct urinary and stool-related symptoms.
39) Food:
[see source text or glossary: Food]
40) Diet:
Dietary factors play a critical role in Ayurveda. Consuming excessive Madhura Rasa and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and dietary modifications are recommended alongside treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam.
41) Tridoshahara (Tridosahara, Tridosha-hara):
Tridoshahara refers to substances that balance all three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Abhrakadi Yogam has Tridoshahara properties, making it effective in managing complex conditions like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
42) Apanavata (Apana-vata):
[see source text or glossary: Apana-vata]
43) Dhatvagni (Dhatu-agni):
Dhatvagni refers to the metabolic fire at the tissue level. Impaired Dhatvagni leads to metabolic disorders like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which can be managed by improving Dhatvagni with formulations such as Abhrakadi Yogam.
44) Anulomana:
Anulomana indicates the regulation of the downward movement of Vata. Ingredients like Haritaki in Abhrakadi Yogam possess Anulomana properties, aiding in correcting bowel movements and management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
45) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the clinical symptoms or signs of a disease. The study evaluates improvements in Lakshanas like polyuria, polydipsia, and burning sensation, demonstrating the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam.
46) Parinama:
Parinama signifies transformation or metabolism. Correcting impaired metabolic functions (Dhatvagni) is central to managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, as targeted by the therapeutic properties of Abhrakadi Yogam.
47) Medicine:
Medicine in the context of the article refers to Ayurvedic drugs like Abhrakadi Yogam used in the clinical management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. These medicines carry properties aligned with disease pathogenesis.
48) Avastha:
[see source text or glossary: Avastha]
49) Haridra:
Haridra is turmeric, an ingredient in Abhrakadi Yogam. It possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that help in Amapachana and Medohara, critical for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
50) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha means dryness, a Guna beneficial in treating conditions like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by countering the moist, heavy attributes of Kapha and balancing metabolic functions.
51) Samana (Shamana):
[see source text or glossary: Samana]
52) Vipaka:
Vipaka is the post-digestive taste, influencing the long-term effects of a substance on digestion and metabolism. The Katu Vipaka of Abhrakadi Yogam helps in managing Medas and Kapha-related symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
53) Lavana:
[see source text or glossary: Lavana]
54) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]
55) Madhu:
Madhu (honey) is used as Anupana in the study. It has Lekhana and Kleda Shoshana properties, enhancing the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
56) Laghu:
Laghu conveys lightness, a Guna that supports the reduction of Kapha and Medas in Ayurveda. The Laghu nature of Abhrakadi Yogam makes it effective in treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by improving metabolic processes.
57) India:
India is the country where the study was conducted and where Ayurveda, including treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam, originated. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India makes such studies highly relevant.
58) Balya:
Balya signifies strength-promoting properties. Ingredients in Abhrakadi Yogam, such as Haritaki, possess Balya properties, aiding in countering muscle wasting and improving overall strength in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
59) Sugar:
[see source text or glossary: Sugar]
60) Guru:
[see source text or glossary: Guru]
61) Amla:
[see source text or glossary: Amla]
62) Mala:
[see source text or glossary: Mala]
63) Vayu:
Vayu refers to the principle of movement in Ayurveda, represented by Vata Dosha. Vitiation of Vayu, particularly Apana Vata, is implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and is managed through balancing therapies like Abhrakadi Yogam.
64) Beta:
[see source text or glossary: Beta]
65) Daha:
Daha signifies burning sensation, a symptom managed in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Ingredients like Amalaki in Abhrakadi Yogam help in reducing symptoms of Daha due to their Pittashamana properties.
66) Thiruvananthapuram (Thiruvanantha-puram, Tiru-anantapuram, Tiruvanantapuram, Tiruananta-puram):
Thiruvananthapuram is the location of Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College, where the study on the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was conducted.
67) Dahaprashamana (Dahaprasamana, Daha-prashamana):
Dahaprasamana refers to the action of pacifying burning sensations. Ingredients in Abhrakadi Yogam like Amalaki have Dahaprasamana properties, helpful in alleviating burning sensations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
68) Abhrakabhasma (Abhraka-bhasma):
Abhrakabhasma is a mineral preparation in Abhrakadi Yogam, known for its anti-diabetic and Rasayana properties. It plays a role in improving metabolic functions and immunity in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
69) Madhuramla (Madhura-amla):
[see source text or glossary: Madhura-amla]
70) Samanavayu (Samana-vayu):
[see source text or glossary: Samana-vayu]
71) Amlalavana (Amla-lavana):
[see source text or glossary: Amla-lavana]
72) Lavanarasa (Lavana-rasa):
[see source text or glossary: Lavana-rasa]
73) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-pitta refers to the combined vitiation of Kapha and Pitta Doshas. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus involves Kapha-pitta Dosha imbalance, and treatments like Abhrakadi Yogam target these to restore equilibrium.
74) Apanavayu (Apana-vayu):
[see source text or glossary: Apanavayu]
75) Agnidushti (Agnidusti, Agni-dushti):
Agnidushti indicates the impaired state of digestion and metabolism (Agni). Correcting Agnidushti with herbs in Abhrakadi Yogam is crucial for managing the metabolic disorder seen in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 129]
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