An ayurvedic management of kadar w.s.r. to corn � a case study
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: An ayurvedic management of kadar w.s.r. to corn � a case study
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Mandavkar Kalpana Chandrakant
Lecturer, Dept. of Shalyatantra, S.G.R.Ayurveda College, Attached S.S.N.J.Ayurvedic Hospital, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
Dnyaneshwar.K. Jadhav
M.D. Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, S.G.R.Ayurveda College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
Sachin.N. Pandhare
Nirmal ano-rectal and general Hospital, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: An ayurvedic management of kadar w.s.r. to corn � a case study
Year: 2015
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of medicine, encompasses various branches aimed at maintaining health and treating diseases. Among these is Shalyatantra, which focuses on surgical practices. One particular condition discussed in Ayurvedic literature is Kadar, comparable to modern-day corns, which are localized hyperkeratosis typically arising from repeated friction or pressure on the skin. Acharya Shushruta and Acharya Bhoja have documented Kadar under the category of Kshudra-roga, emphasizing the challenges it presents in both diagnosis and treatment.
The Role of Agnikarma in Treatment
A significant technique utilized in the management of Kadar is Agnikarma, a para-surgical procedure that employs heat to cauterize and treat localized conditions. This method, praised for its efficacy, involves excising the corn and subsequently applying controlled heat through Agnikarma shalaka (a heated metal instrument) dipped in Tila Taila (sesame oil). This approach aims to mitigate the underlying doshas—c³ó¾±±ð´Ú±ô²â Vata and Kapha—that lead to the formation of corns. The authors emphasize that Agnikarma not only provides immediate relief but also reduces the risk of recurrence, making it a favorable option compared to conventional surgery that often incurs multiple post-operative complications.
Comprehensive Management Approach
The Ayurvedic management of Kadar integrates a comprehensive pre-and post-surgical protocol. Prior to the procedure, patient consent is secured and a series of pre-operative investigations are conducted to ensure safety. During surgery, thorough cleansing with Triphala kwath and the careful excision of the corn are crucial steps. Post-operative care includes the application of a mixture of honey and ghee on the wound to expedite healing, alongside regular dressing until complete recovery. This holistic approach underscores the importance of meticulous care in both surgical and healing phases to enhance patient outcomes.
Conclusion
The management of Kadar through Ayurvedic principles presents a nuanced and effective alternative to conventional treatments for corns. By utilizing techniques like Agnikarma and adhering to a methodical pre- and post-operative regimen, Ayurvedic practitioners can provide patients with not just symptomatic relief but also a significant reduction in the likelihood of recurrence. The insights offered in this case study serve as a testament to the efficacy of traditional practices in addressing modern health issues, emphasizing the relevance of Ayurveda in contemporary healthcare dynamics.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Kadar in Ayurvedic terminology?
Kadar is classified as a Kshudra-roga in Ayurveda, described in the context of corn. It is characterized by localized hyperkeratosis due to continuous friction or pressure on the skin, typically causing pain and discomfort.
What treatments are involved in managing Kadar?
The Ayurvedic management of Kadar includes surgical excision followed by Agnikarma. This combination helps prevent recurrence, offering instant relief and reducing complications such as bleeding and infection commonly associated with surgical interventions.
How effective is Agnikarma for treating Corn?
Agnikarma, a para-surgical procedure in Ayurveda, is considered effective for treating Corn. It provides quick relief, reduces the chance of recurrence, and involves minimal complications, making it a preferable option compared to modern surgical excision methods.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “An ayurvedic management of kadar w.s.r. to corn � a case study�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Agnikarma (Agni-karma):
Agnikarma is an Ayurvedic para-surgical procedure performed to treat various conditions, including corn (Kadar), by burning the affected tissues using a heated instrument. It involves the application of heat to pacify vitiated doshas and offer relief from pain and stiffness without complications like bleeding or infection.
2) Sutra:
[see source text or glossary: Sutra]
3) Disease:
Disease in this context refers to pathological conditions like Kadar (corn), which are managed through Ayurvedic practices. Ayurveda approaches diseases by balancing doshas and using both surgical and para-surgical procedures such as Agnikarma to treat localized hyperkeratosis and other symptoms.
4) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that focuses on holistic health and disease prevention. It incorporates various treatment methods, including herbal medicine, dietary adjustments, lifestyle changes, and specialized procedures like Shalyatantra and Agnikarma to manage conditions such as Kadar.
5) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India where many authoritative Ayurvedic texts, including the Susruta Samhita, have been published. The city is associated with notable scholars and publications that contribute significantly to the field of Ayurveda.
6) Samhita:
Samhita refers to a collection of Ayurvedic texts, such as the Susruta Samhita, which provide detailed information on medical procedures, treatments, and the management of diseases. These texts are foundational to the practice of Ayurveda.
7) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is an authoritative Ayurvedic text authored by Acharya Sushruta. It details surgical techniques, including the treatment of Kadar (corn) using procedures like Utkartan (excision) followed by Agnikarma, emphasizing comprehensive management of various diseases.
8) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Salyatantra, a branch of Ayurveda focused on surgery, includes methods like Utkartan (excision) and Agnikarma for treating conditions such as Kadar (corn). It employs both surgical and para-surgical procedures for effective disease management and prevention of recurrence.
9) Shrikantha (Srikantha, Shri-kantha, Shrikamtha):
Srikantha mentioned in the context is likely a reference to Prof. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, who has provided translated and annotated versions of classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Susruta Samhita, which are widely used in Ayurvedic education and practice.
10) Sthana:
[see source text or glossary: Sthana]
11) Dagdha:
Dagdha refers to the concept of cauterization or burning used in Agnikarma. It involves burning the affected tissue to treat conditions like Kadar (corn). Properly performed Dagdha results in Samyak Dagdha Lakshana (appropriate signs of burning) which are essential for healing.
12) Agni:
Agni refers to fire, which is a crucial element in Ayurvedic treatments like Agnikarma. The heat from Agni is used to cauterize or burn tissue in procedures to treat conditions such as Kadar (corn), ensuring the destruction of hyperkeratotic skin and providing relief from pain and stiffness.
13) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the elements of air and ether. Vata's vitiation can lead to conditions like Kadar (corn), which are alleviated through treatments that pacify Vata, such as Agnikarma, due to its heating and pain-relieving properties.
14) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where the case study was conducted, specifically at S.G.R. Ayurveda College and the attached S.S.N.J. Ayurvedic Hospital in Solapur. The location is significant for the clinical research and practice of Ayurvedic medicine.
15) Kalpana:
Kalpana refers to Dr. Mandavkar Kalpana Chandrakant, one of the authors of the case study on Ayurvedic management of Kadar (corn). She is a Lecturer in the Dept. of Shalyatantra at S.G.R. Ayurveda College, contributing to the study and practice of Ayurvedic surgery.
16) Solapur:
Solapur is a city in Maharashtra, India, where the Ayurvedic case study on the management of Kadar (corn) was conducted. Institutions like S.G.R. Ayurveda College and Nirmal Ano-Rectal and General Hospital in Solapur play a role in research and treatment practices in Ayurveda.
17) Dosha (Dosa):
[see source text or glossary: Dosa]
18) India:
India is the country where Ayurveda originated and continues to be practiced extensively. The case study on the Ayurvedic management of Kadar (corn) is based on treatments carried out in Indian Ayurvedic hospitals and institutions.
19) Kshudraroga (Kshudra-roga, Ksudraroga):
Kshudra-roga refers to minor or less serious diseases in Ayurveda. Kadar (corn) is classified under Kshudra-roga, which includes conditions that may be simple in pathology but challenging to cure. Treatments like Agnikarma and Utkartan are employed to manage such ailments.
20) Sutrasthana (Sutra-sthana):
[see source text or glossary: Sutra-sthana]
21) Purification:
[see source text or glossary: Purification]
22) Tilataila (Tila-taila):
Tila Taila is sesame oil used in Ayurvedic procedures like Agnikarma. The oil is applied to the hot instrument (Shalaka) to achieve Sneha-dagdha (unctuous cauterization), helping to destroy hyperkeratotic tissues effectively while minimizing complications during the treatment of Kadar (corn).
23) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
24) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra refers to minor or trivial in Ayurveda. Diseases classified as Kshudra-roga, like Kadar (corn), are those with simple pathology but potentially troublesome symptoms. Effective management of such diseases often involves procedures detailed in Ayurvedic texts, like the Susruta Samhita.
25) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing water and earth elements. Vitiation of Kapha, often combined with Vata, can lead to conditions like Kadar (corn). Treatments such as Agnikarma are used to balance Kapha and alleviate symptoms associated with its imbalance.
26) Taila:
[see source text or glossary: Taila]
27) Roga:
[see source text or glossary: Roga]
28) Tila:
Tila refers to sesame, and in the context of Ayurveda, Tila Taila (sesame oil) is commonly used. This oil is particularly significant in Agnikarma treatments where it helps conduct heat and ensures proper cauterization of tissues affected by conditions like Kadar (corn).
29) Fear:
[see source text or glossary: Fear]
30) Pain:
Pain is a primary symptom of Kadar (corn) that prompts patients to seek treatment. Ayurvedic management, especially through Agnikarma, aims to provide instant relief from pain by cauterizing the hyperkeratotic tissue, thus reducing the pressure and discomfort caused by the corn.
31) Snehadagdha (Sneha-dagdha):
Sneha-dagdha is a type of cauterization performed with the application of unctuous substances like sesame oil (Tila Taila). In Agnikarma, Sneha-dagdha contributes to effective treatment by penetrating deeply and addressing the core issue without causing significant complications.
32) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Kapha-dosa]
33) Dnyaneshwar (Dnyaneshvar):
Dnyaneshwar refers to Dr. Dnyaneshwar K. Jadhav, a co-author of the study on Ayurvedic management of Kadar (corn). He is an M.D. Scholar in the Department of Kayachikitsa at S.G.R. Ayurveda College, contributing his expertise to the research and clinical practice in Ayurveda.
34) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala Kwath, a decoction made from three fruits (Haritaki, Bibhitaki, and Amalaki), is used in the pre-operative cleaning of the corn (Kadar) area before performing Ayurvedic procedures like Agnikarma. It is known for its cleansing and antimicrobial properties.
35) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to conditions associated with the Kapha dosha. Diseases influenced by Kapha, such as Kadar (corn), require treatments that balance this dosha. Agnikarma, with its heating and drying properties, is effective in treating Kaphaja disorders by reducing excessive Kapha.
36) Salaka (Shalaka):
Shalaka is a rod or instrument used in Ayurvedic procedures like Agnikarma. It is heated and then applied to the affected area, such as a corn (Kadar), to cauterize the tissue. The Shalaka is often dipped in Tila Taila to enhance its effectiveness during the procedure.
37) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi is the term used for disease in Ayurveda. It encompasses all pathological conditions, including those like Kadar (corn). Ayurvedic management of Vyadhi involves balancing doshas and employing treatments such as surgical excision and Agnikarma for effective symptom relief.
38) Sneha:
Sneha refers to unctuous substances like oils and ghee used in Ayurvedic treatments. In procedures like Agnikarma for managing Kadar (corn), Sneha such as Tila Taila (sesame oil) is used to facilitate smooth and effective cauterization, ensuring deeper penetration and better results.
39) Sarpis (Sarpi, Sarpish):
Sarpi is another term for ghee (clarified butter) used in various Ayurvedic practices. In the management of Kadar (corn), a mixture of Sarpi (ghee) and Madhu (honey) is applied to the Dagdha Vrana (burn wound) post-Agnikarma to promote healing and provide soothing relief.
40) Blood:
[see source text or glossary: Blood]
41) Guna:
Guna refers to the qualities or properties in Ayurvedic philosophy. In the context of Agnikarma for treating Kadar (corn), properties like Ushna (heat), Tiksha (sharpness), and Suksma (subtlety) of Agni are utilized to effectively cure the condition by penetrating deeply and destroying the corn.
42) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
43) Raktamokshana (Raktamoksana, Rakta-mokshana):
[see source text or glossary: Raktamoksana]
44) Dagdhavrana (Dagdha-vrana):
Dagdha Vrana refers to the burn wound created by the cauterization (Agnikarma) procedure. Proper management of Dagdha Vrana includes applying a mixture of Madhu (honey) and Sarpi (ghee) to promote healing and prevent infection after the treatment of conditions like Kadar (corn).
45) Inflammation:
Inflammation, or Shotha, is a response of body tissues to injury or irritation, often resulting in redness, swelling, and pain. In Ayurvedic treatment of Kadar (corn), procedures like Agnikarma help reduce inflammation by balancing the vitiated doshas responsible for causing this condition.
46) Ksharasutra (Ksarasutra, Kshara-sutra):
Ksharasutra is an Ayurvedic treatment involving a medicated thread used to excise or ligate unwanted tissue growths. While not used for Kadar (corn), it is another example of the surgical and para-surgical techniques described in classical texts like the Sushruta Samhita for managing various conditions.
47) Yashtimadhu (Yastimadhu, Yashti-madhu):
Yastimadhu, or licorice, is an herb used in Ayurveda for its healing properties. It can be part of post-operative care in treatments like Agnikarma, where it helps in soothing and healing the Dagdha Vrana (burn wound) created during the treatment of Kadar (corn).
48) Discussion:
Discussion in this context refers to the analysis and interpretation of findings from the case study on Ayurvedic management of Kadar (corn). It covers the efficacy of treatments like Utkartan and Agnikarma, and their superiority over modern surgical methods in terms of pain relief and recurrence prevention.
49) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
Purvakarma, or pre-operative procedures, are the preparations done before performing main treatments like Agnikarma. This includes obtaining consent, pre-operative investigations, administering tetanus toxoid, and checking for Xylocaine sensitivity, ensuring safety and readiness for treating Kadar (corn).
50) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]
51) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or disturbance of doshas, such as Vata and Kapha, which can lead to the development of diseases like Kadar (corn). Ayurvedic treatments aim to correct this vitiation through procedures like Agnikarma to restore balance and health.
52) Stiffness:
Stiffness is a symptom associated with conditions like Kadar (corn) where the affected area becomes rigid and painful. Ayurvedic treatments like Agnikarma help alleviate stiffness by applying heat, which improves circulation and reduces rigidity in the localized tissue.
53) Calcutta:
Calcutta (Kolkata) is the location referenced in the context for publications such as S. Das's 'A Concise Textbook of Surgery,' which provides information relevant to both modern and Ayurvedic treatments, including the surgical management of conditions like Kadar (corn).
54) Bheshaja (Bhesaja):
[see source text or glossary: Bheshaja]
55) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra in the context of Ayurveda refers to surgical instruments and techniques used for treating diseases. Procedures like Utkartan (excision) for Kadar (corn) involve the use of Shastra, followed by Agnikarma to ensure effective treatment and prevent recurrence.
56) Sukshma (Suksma, Shukshma):
[see source text or glossary: Suksma]
57) Krishna (Krsna):
[see source text or glossary: Krishna]
58) Shabda (Sabda):
[see source text or glossary: Shabda]
59) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha means inflammation, which can be caused by vitiated doshas. In conditions like Kadar (corn), Ayurvedic procedures such as Agnikarma help reduce Shotha by applying heat, thereby decreasing swelling, pain, and helping with the overall healing process.
60) Vikasin (Vikasi, Vikashin):
[see source text or glossary: Vikasi]
61) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma likely refers to Dr. Anantram Sharma, an author cited for his work on the Sushruta Samhita, providing insights into Ayurvedic surgical procedures, including the management of Kadar (corn) with treatments like Agnikarma to achieve effective results.
62) Bhoja:
Bhoja is an ancient Ayurvedic author who described the disease Kadar within the broader context of minor ailments (Kshudra-roga). His work contributes to the understanding and treatment of conditions like corn through detailed applications of Ayurvedic principles.
63) Madhu:
Madhu (honey) is used in Ayurvedic post-operative care for its healing properties. After Agnikarma for treating Kadar (corn), a mixture of Madhu and Sarpi (ghee) is applied to the Dagdha Vrana (burn wound) to promote healing, prevent infections, and provide soothing relief.
64) Karma (Karman):
[see source text or glossary: Karma]
65) Rakta:
[see source text or glossary: Rakta]
66) Ushna (Usna):
[see source text or glossary: Usna]
67) Vrana:
Vrana stands for wound or ulcer. In the case study, after performing Agnikarma to treat Kadar (corn), the resulting burn wound (Dagdha Vrana) is managed carefully using Madhu (honey) and Sarpi (ghee) to ensure proper healing and prevent any complications.
68) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
69) Sugar:
[see source text or glossary: Sugar]
70) Honey:
Honey, known as Madhu in Ayurveda, is used for its antimicrobial and healing properties. In the treatment of Kadar (corn) with Agnikarma, honey is applied to the Dagdha Vrana (burn wound) after the procedure to aid in wound healing and soothe the affected area.
71) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda refers to fat or adipose tissue. In the pathogenesis of Kadar (corn), Vata and Kapha doshas, along with Meda and Rakta (blood), are involved. Agnikarma helps in managing these vitiated elements by applying heat, thereby effectively treating the corn and associated symptoms.
72) Sira (Shira):
Sira stands for veins or channels in the body. During Agnikarma for Kadar (corn), applying heat to Sneha, such as Tila Taila, helps it travel through Sira (minute veins) and effectively penetrate the affected tissue, ensuring deeper healing and pain relief.
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