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[Full title: Images of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 (5a): 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 sculptures with miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s and Planetary deities]

I have documented nine images of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 from the present study region; among these images eight images of R峁�abhan膩tha represent 蹋 miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s along with Planetary deities in the back-slab and pedestal of the images and one image of R峁�abhan膩tha 蹋 represents miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s along with 顿颈办辫腻濒补蝉.

The first variety of this 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 images have been mainly reported from Purulia district. The excellently executed 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 image of chlorite stone installed in the Sonadaha temple measures 52 x 27 x 8 cm. It is certainly the work of an innovative craftsman and the entire carving of the parikara elements have been done on the surface of the back-slab by taking recourse to unusual projected or shallow sections (especially noticeable in the lower section depicting the 肠补耻谤墨产别补谤别谤蝉 and the grahas). The coiffure (箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦) of the icon has been frequently encountered in our database and what is striking and unique is the depiction of the 辫谤补产丑腻尘补苍诲补濒补. It is of elongated (almost cylindrical) shape in tune with the pronounced vertical alignment of the entire composition. The broad moulding of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 interrupted by two floral motifs equally placed on both sides of the 箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦, besides, the floral border of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 are noteworthy. Also two miniature floral scrolls issue from behind the kinnara and 办颈苍苍补谤墨蝉 depicted just beside the lower part of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补. Two flowering stems/branches issue from both sides of the upper part of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补. Like the other images of this region, there are depictions of two flower motifs/rosettes on both sides of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 just above the issuing stems. Just below the curved top edge of the back-slab are the depictions of the tri-lineat chatra surmounted by an 腻尘补濒补办补 and the kevala-惫峁沰蝉补 emanating from the sides of the parasol. The divine hands playing on the drums and the cymbals are also neatly depicted. The garland bearers are present just below the divine hands playing musical instruments. There are two horizontal mouldings of the back throne of the deity and the kinnara and 办颈苍苍补谤墨蝉 stand on the upper one. The lower moulding is supported by an ornamental bracket and just beside the vertical entity of the throne on both sides are slender elongated 惫测腻濒补蝉 flanking the Jina and facing opposite directions. The 惫测腻濒补蝉 stand on blossomed lotuses the stalks of which issue from near the feet of the Jina. The vertical alignment of the 惫测腻濒补蝉 corresponds to the almost straight suspension of the arms of the Jina although the fingers touch the thighs (as prescribed by the Jain icons). The 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 is attended by the usual two fly-whisk bearers. Both stand in a three-quarter profiled view, turned towards the Jina with crossed legs (as evident on images from Pakbirra, etc.). The fly-whisks are hanging downwards. Both sides of the back-slab have depictions of miniature figures of the twenty-four 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s arranged in four horizontal rows of three each on either side. Just below the miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s and on both sides of the back-slab are the depictions of the eight grahas on a slight projection. These on the dexter side appear to be 厂奴谤测补, Ma峁単al, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and 艢补苍颈; while those on the sinistert side are Soma, Budha, 艢耻办谤补 and 搁腻丑耻. All grahas are seated on 惫颈艣惫补辫补诲尘补蝉 and show individual iconographic features. The 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal has the bull on the central ratha from the back of which issue the stalk of the lotus seat of the Jina. A concise lotus scroll hovers above the bull. On the lowermost moulding of the pedestal and just below the bull is the depiction of a cakra. The rathas adjoining the central one have depictions of four devotees (their dimensions in descending order) on the left side. Probably they are a family of donor鈥檚. The other ratha on the right adjoining the central one depicts two kneeling devotees in 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补-尘耻诲谤腻. The extreme projections on both sides have crouching lions facing opposite directions. On stylistic grounds the image can be assigned to a period ranging from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE.

The chlorite-schist image of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 from Sitalpur is iconographically very important and measures 137 x 64 cm (Pl.XXII.E). The image is well preserved and it represents a high quality of craftsmanship. The Jina is in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture and stands on a full blown lotus placed on a 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal. The 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补, devoid of any worldly attire, has elongated ear-lobes and wears an elegant 箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦 with 办别艣补-惫补濒濒补谤墨 falling down the sides of the head and over the shoulders. The elaborate ovoidal 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 is embellished with beads and flame-tongued border devices. A beautiful lotus is depicted on either side of the 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补. The top of the back slab is crowned with a tri-liner chatra, each smaller than one below. The chatra is crowned by a tier which has delineation of leaf pattern indicating the heavenly nyagrodha or banyan tree that stands for the kevala-惫峁沰蝉补 of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补. The triliner chatra is flanked by the divine hands playing on drums and cymbals. The garland bearers are also neatly depicted just below the divine hands playing musical instruments. The 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 is attended by the usual two fly-whisk bearers. Both stand in a three quarter profile, turned towards the Jina with crossed legs. The flywhisks are hanging down. The twenty four miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s are arranged in four horizontal rows of three figures each on either side. Just below the miniature Jinas, on both sides of the back-slab, are figures of the nine grahas (four on the right i.e., 厂奴谤测补, 惭补峁単补濒补, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, 艢补苍颈 and five on the left i.e., Soma, Budha, 艢耻办谤补, 搁腻丑耻 and Ketu), starting with 厂奴谤测补 in the upper right position and ending with Ketu at the bottom left. The existing portion of the present image shows that the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补 has a svelte figure and the carving of the image is very sophisticated. The arms of the Jina hang down vertically along the stiff torso and the finger tips touch the thigh on either side. The back throne of the image consists of posts decorated with mouldings and criss-cross scratched pilasters, supporting a horizontal cross-bar with lightly incised square rhizomes at its ends, above which there are triangular fleurons. The 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal is quite unique. The bull 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补, is neatly carved at the centre of the pedestal (the bull occupies the entire central projection) and placed between two abraded deities. These two deities, though badly eroded, can be identified as Gomukha and 颁补办谤别艣惫补谤墨 i.e., the 测补办峁�a and 测补办峁�i峁噄 of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补. On the lowermost moulding of the pedestal and just below the bull is the depiction of a cakra. This cakra may be identifying as the dharma cakra. The ratha adjoining the central one has depictions of a male and female devotee kneeling in 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补-尘耻诲谤腻. The extreme projections, on both sides, have crouching lions. In the present image, the organization of space evident from the entire composition is remarkable. On stylistic grounds the image can be assigned to a period ranging from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE.

Iconographically the 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 image from Sasandihi is very much similar with the Sitalpur and Sonadaha images (Pl.XXII.F). In this image the Jina is in the usual posture on a double-petalled lotus placed on a 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal. The icon measures 100 x 46 x 15 cm. The image is badly weathered and the face of the 尘奴濒补苍腻测补办补 and the 肠补耻谤墨-bearers are also damaged. The depictions of the elongated earlobes, 箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦 and the 办别艣补-惫补濒濒补谤墨 are quite prominent of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补. The ovoidal 辫谤补产丑腻 is embellished with beads and flame-tongued border devices and has a flowering twig on its either side. An elliptical 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 with leafed edge adorns the head of the Saviour. On the edges of the back-slab, on a projected frame, miniature figures of twenty-four 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s are arranged in four horizontal rows of three each on either side of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补. Like the principal image, they also stand in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on a plain pedestal and their respective 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补s are carved at the centre of their thrones. Just below these twenty-four 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s nine planetary deities are depicts on both the sides of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补. These on the dexter side appear to be Ma峁単al, Budha, 艢耻办谤补 and 艢补苍颈; while those on sinister side are, 厂奴谤测补, Soma, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 搁腻丑耻 and Ketu. The bull, 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the Jina is carved at the centre of the 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal and flanked by two devotees in a帽jali-尘耻诲谤腻. Both the ends of the pedestal there is the depiction of a crouching lion.

Almost similar type of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 image has been reported from the site Arsha, Purulia district (Pl.XXIII.A). The image is now re-installed in a modern temple and regularly worshiped by the villagers. The lower portion of this image is badly weathered and as a result of this it is very difficult to study the detailed iconography of the nine planetary deities, though the representations of the nine planetary deities are similar as the Sasandihi image. The others iconographic features of this image are comparatively alike, however, the present image is bigger than the Sasandihi image and it measures 130 x 62 x 14 cm.

An image of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 of this variety is fixed in the modern Durga temple at Karcha (Pl.XXIII.B). This image is partially damaged and measures 80 x 42 x 15 cm. The elaborate back slab represents a tiered elevation of a bhadra or 辫颈岣峢补-deul topped by an 腻尘补濒补办补, which is almost lost and the Jina is so carved as if it is enshrined in a temple. The Jina in his usual posture is quite sensitively modelled and stands on a double-petalled lotus seat placed on a sapta-ratha pedestal. On either side of the back slab, beside both sides of the projected vertical section of the deul in which the Jina is placed, are miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s arranged in six horizontal rows of two each. The Jina is attended by two badly damaged male 肠补耻谤墨-bearers wearing succinct lower garments and ornaments and a conical 箩补峁���-like crown. They stand in 腻产丑补峁単补 posture on a lotus pedestal and their left hands are in 办补峁瓂腻惫补濒补尘产颈迟补 posture while the right hands hold fly-whisks. About midway of the decorated arch over the head of the Jina are the 惫颈诲测腻诲丑补谤补蝉 (on both sides). This arch is surmounted by the tri-linear chatra. The bull 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补, is neatly carved at the centre of the pedestal. The most interesting feature of this image is the depiction of the nine planetary deities in unusual position. In 搁腻岣峢补 region, most of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 images bear the planetary deities in different positions. In the usual manner, we find the presence of planetary deities in seated or standing postures on either side of the Jina figures. However, the arrangement of the planetary deities in the pedestal or above the tri-linear umbrella of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 is not very common in this region. The presence of planetary deities, particularly on the pedestal of Jain 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 images, is very rare in 搁腻岣峢补. In case of the present image, the planetary deities are not only present on the pedestal of the image but also two planetary deities (厂奴谤测补 and Soma) are depicted on the both side of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补, just above the damaged heads of the male 肠补耻谤墨-bearers. The remaining seven planetary deities are flanked on either side of the pedestal. The line starts with Ma峁単al and followed by Budha and 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈. On the right, the panel starts with 艢耻办谤补 and followed 艢补苍颈, 搁腻丑耻 and Ketu. All these planetary deities are depicted with their usual attributes and postures. On stylistic grounds the image can be assigned to a period ranging from the 10^th to the 12^th centuries CE.

A broken image of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 of this type is presently housed in the temple no 3 of Pakbirra, Purulia. In this image the feet of the Jina on double-petalled lotus seat is survive along with the feets of the 肠补耻谤墨-bearers. However, both the side of the remaining back-slab of the image contains the figures of the planetary deities. These on the dexter side appear to be 厂奴谤测补, Ma峁単al, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and 艢补苍颈; while those on the sinister side are only 艢耻办谤补 and 搁腻丑耻 are presently survive. All grahas are seated on 惫颈艣惫补辫补诲尘补蝉 and show individual iconographic features. There is a clear depiction of the bull 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 at the central projection of the 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal and the adjoining ones depict lions facing opposite directions. On the remaining facets of the pedestal are figures of devotees (four on either side) in 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补-尘耻诲谤腻. The remaining portion of the image is measures 21 x 69 x 20 cm.

This type of a 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 image was discovered from Joypur (Pl.XXIII.C), Bankura district and presently exhibited in the VSPM, Visnupur. This image is made of chlorite stone and measures 75 x 43 cm. The upper part of the back-slab is damaged and the Jina is carved against a background consisting of plain posts in low relief that again supports a cross-bar having triangular carved plaques. These architectural constructs behind the protagonists are skillfully carved in most of the specimens in the present study area. 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 stands in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on a double-petalled lotus placed on a 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal. The bull 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 is depicted at the centre of the plain pedestal. The Jina is attended by two male 肠补耻谤墨-bearers wearing succinct lower garments and different ornaments like necklaces, 办别测奴谤补, 办耻峁囜笉补濒补, and a conical 箩补峁��� like crown. They stand in dvi-vanga posture on pedestals and their left hands are in 办补峁瓂腻惫补濒补尘产颈迟补 posture while the right hands hold flywhisks. 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补鈥檚 coiffure is arranged in a 箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦 with 办别艣补-惫补濒濒补谤墨 falling down the sides of its head and over the shoulders. He is provided with a simple 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 (partially damaged) embellished with a beaded border. There are depictions of miniature images of the twenty-four 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s, arranged in four vertical rows of three each on either side of the Jina. The left side of the stele is badly damaged and only a single row of miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 images is visible. In the lower part of the stele, eight planetary deities are depicted in a vertical row of four images on either side of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补. The deities on the right side of the Jina include 厂奴谤测补, Ma峁単al, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 and 艢补苍颈 while those on its left side are Soma, Budha, 艢耻办谤补 and 搁腻丑耻. Two crouching devotees/donors are depicted on either side of the lower levels of the stele just above the pedestal. On stylistic consideration, the image is assignable to circa tenth to the twelfth centuries CE. Both the Jina and the parikara elements are jammed into the constricted space of the narrow back-slab.

A partially damaged image of this variety of 峁氠梗补产丑补苍腻迟丑补 image was discovered Ghateswar (Pl.XXIII.D), South Twenty Four Parganas and presently displayed in the Asutosh Museum of Indian Art, University of Calcutta. Stylistically, this image is also similar with the earlier mentioned four images of this group (except the Karcha image). The image is badly weathered and the upper part of the left side back-slab of the image is lost, including the right side 肠补耻谤墨-bearer. The Jina stands in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture stands on a full blown lotus placed on a 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal. The principle Jina wears a 箩补峁�膩j耻峁璦 with 办别艣补-惫补濒濒补谤墨 falling down the side of its head and over the shoulders. An ovoidal 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 is also partially visible which is decorated with rows of beads and leaves adorn the head of the savior. The upper portion of the right side back-slab decorated with twelve miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s. 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s are arranged in four horizontal rows of three each on either side of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补, though the left side back-slab is missing. Just below this rows of miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s eight planetary deities are depicted, like the earlier image. Left side of the back-slab contain the the representation of three planetary deties i,e,. Soma, Budha, 艢耻办谤补 however, the planetary deities of the right side are completely damaged. At the left end of the 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal contain the depiction of 搁腻丑耻, the eight planetary deities. This type of representation in coastal area is really rare. This 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 is flanked by two devotees in a帽jali-尘耻诲谤腻. On the lower part of either side of the pedestal there is the depiction of a crouching lion. The image measures 101 cm x 55 cm x 15 cm.