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Puranic encyclopaedia

by Vettam Mani | 1975 | 609,556 words | ISBN-10: 0842608222

This page describes the Story of Dasharatha included the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani that was translated into English in 1975. The Puranas have for centuries profoundly influenced Indian life and Culture and are defined by their characteristic features (panca-lakshana, literally, ‘the five characteristics of a Purana�).

Story of ٲśٳ

(Nemi). A famous king of the ṣv dynasty. He was the father of Śrī 峾.

Genealogy.

Descended from վṣṇ in the following order. Ѳīśⲹ貹վVaivasvata Manu—ṣv�վܰṣiŚś岹KakutsthaAnenasṛtܱśPrasenajit۳ܱśԻPurukutsaTrasadasyuԲṇyᲹⲹś—VܳԲܻ󲹲Ա—Tṇa�Satyavrata (հśṅk) ᲹśԻdz󾱳śīٲ—Cñ�SudevaBharukaܰ첹SagarañᲹṃśu󲹲īٳṛt�Իܻ屹ī貹ܳܲṚtܱ貹ṇaܻMitrasaha�(ṣa岹)�ś첹ū첹—Khaṭvaṅga (پī貹; Dīrgha bāhu)�Raghu—AᲹ‼śٳ.

Birth.

ٲśٳ was the son of Aja, of the family of ṣv, born of his wife Իܳī.*

ٲśٳ’s hunt.

Once during the early part of his life ٲśٳ was walking through a forest engaged in hunting. He reached the bank of the river ū. It was evening and the forest was thick. He walked in search of wild animals. The night was advancing and darkness getting thicker. Then he heard a sound from the river as if an elephant was drinking water. Thinking it to be an elephant ٲśٳ sent an arrow in the direction from which the sound came. Instantly he heard a man crying with pain. The king was disappointed. He ran to the spot and saw a hermit boy lying in a pool of blood beating his limbs on the ground and crying. The waterpot he had been dipping in the water lay close by. In answer to the questions of the King, the hermit boy whose name was Śṇa,** said, "Oh King! What wrong have I done? My parents are sitting thirsty and blind with age, in the hermitage closeby. I, their only son, was dipping the pot to take water to them, when you sent the arrow at me. So, please take some water to them in this pot and console them."

Hearing this, with tears the King drew out the fatal arrow from the body of the boy and with that the boy Śṇa said good bye to the world. ٲśٳ took water in the pot and went in search of the hermitage in the darkness. With difficulty he found out the hermitage and as he drew near, the aged parents of the boy heard his footsteps and called him eagerly. The King, with tearful eyes told them what had happened. There was loud wailing and crying in the hermitage. According to their wish the King took them to where their son lay. Then the King made a fire and placed the dead body of the boy in it. The aged and blind parents cursed ٲśٳ, "You also will die of loss of children". Then they also entered the fire and were burnt along with their son’s dead body. (ī쾱 峾ⲹṇa, ǻ ṇḍ, Sarga 63).

Marriage.

ٲśٳ had three wives, named ś, ī and ٰܳ.

ī given a boon.

There was a great battle in the world of the gods between the asuras and the gods. According to the request of the devas, ٲśٳ went to the world of the devas to help them. ī also went with ٲśٳ. In a severe fight with Ś, an asura, ٲśٳ fell down unconscious. ī took him away from the battle-field. When he recovered the King got into the chariot and fought more fiercely than before. This time the wheel-bolt of one of the wheels of the chariot of ٲśٳ slipped away. Without informing her husband of this danger, ī inserted her finger into the bolt-hole and prevented the wheel from sliding away. The King won the battle. After the battle, when the King came to know of the services rendered by ī, he promised her two boons. ī told the King that she would ask for them later, when she needed them. Then they returned to ǻ. (ī쾱 峾ⲹṇa, Sarga 9, Kaṃpa 峾ⲹṇa, ṇḍ).

Administration of ٲśٳ.

The capital of ٲśٳ’s kingdom of Kosala, was ǻ. This city was situated on the bank of river ū. ٲśٳ was as famous in ǻ as Indra was in the realm of the gods. There were palaces in ǻ for the kings who brought tribute to stay. In short, as mentioned in ī쾱 峾ⲹṇa, ṇḍ, Sarga 5, ǻ was the heaven on earth.

Ministers.

ٲśٳ had eight ministers, ṛṣṭi, Jayanta, Vijaya, ٳ, ṣṭ󲹲Բ, śǰ첹, ٳ󲹰, and Sumantra. (Agni ʳܰṇa, Chapter 6).

The name ٲśٳ.

The real name of ٲśٳ was Nemi. Once the unattackable and invincible asura Śaṃbara conquered the throne of Indra. At the request of and the gods, this King reached heaven and destroyed the armies of the asuras very easily. Śaṃbara got angry, assumed ten shapes and attacked the King from ten points at the same time. The king confronted the ten Śaṃbaras at ten points, at the same time, and killed all of them at the same moment. Because he faced his chariot to ten points at the same time and fought with enemies on those ten points appreciated his valiant fighting and charioteeering and gave him the name 'ٲśٳ' (one who is capable of driving the chariot to ten points at the same time). Thus his original name was forgotten and he came to be known only by the name given him later. (Kaṃpa 峾ⲹṇa, Yuddha ṇḍ).

Birth of Sons.

ܲ was the first wife of ٲśٳ. She was the daughter of the King of Uttara Kosala. A daughter named ŚԳ was born to ٲśٳ by ܲ. After this, no sons or daughters were born to ٲśٳ for a long time.

At this juncture dz岹, the king of ṅg who was the class-mate and a great friend of ٲśٳ, came to ǻ on a friendly visit. He also had no children. So he entreated ٲśٳ to give ŚԳ to him as a foster-daughter. Thus he took away ŚԳ to ṅg. dz岹 gave ŚԳ in marriage to Ṛṣyaṣṛṅga a hermit. (See under Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ).

As ܲ was childless ٲśٳ brought as his wife ī the daughter of the King of Kekaya and sister of ۳ܻᾱ. Still no children were born to them. He was much disappointed. At last he married again and brought ٰܳ the princess of ś. Of these three, ܲ was the chief wife.

Though he had three wives, ٲśٳ still remained childless. The King and his queens spent their days in sorrow for a long time. The King remembered the curse he had incurred when he was young. The curse was that as they had died with sorrow at the death of their son Śṇa, the same thing would happen to me. So he believed that sons would be born to him.

He performed several devotional acts to get children. Finally he gave up all kingly pleasures and began to lead an ascetic life. He built a temple for his own use and consecrated the idol of Ѳ屹ṣṇ in it. Then entrusting the administration of the Kingdom to his ministers he and his wives engaged themselves in daily devotion and meditation in the temple. Then the King decided to perform the sacrifice of Putrakāmeṣṭi (sacrifice for getting children) by the hermit Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ under the guidance of ղṣṭ. The King informed Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ of his decision. Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ could not refuse the King’s request as the king was his father-in-law. Moreover dz岹 and ŚԳ also requested the hermit to comply with the desire of ٲśٳ. So Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ came to ǻ and the sacrifice of Putrakāmeṣṭi was begun. The air vibrated with the recitation of mantras (spells and incantations) and the Veda ūٲ. The hermit uttered the divine spell of Putrakāmeṣṭi and offered oblations in the sacrificial fire. Then a wonderful and luminous figure came out of the fire with a pot containing a pudding of ambrosia, and placed the pot before Ṛṣyaṣṛṅga and then disappeared in the sacrificial fire. When the wonderful figure disappeared, Ṛṣⲹśṛṅ took the pot of pudding and gave it to ٲśٳ with prayer and incantations. ٲśٳ received the golden pot and in accordance with the instruction of the hermit, divided the pudding between his first wife ś and second wife ī, both of whom gave half of their share to ٰܳ. Thus the three wives ate the divine pudding and by and by all of them became pregnant. ś and ī gave birth to a son each and ٰܳ gave birth to two sons. The son of ś was called , the son of ī was named Bharata and the sons of ٰܳ were called ṣmṇa and ŚٰܲԲ. (Kaṃpa 峾ⲹṇa, ṇḍ).

The boon of ŚԾ (Saturn).

Astronomers are of opinion that famine will occur in the world for the period of twelve years, when the planet ŚԾ (Saturn) comes into the orbit of dzṇ� (a star). But now the planet Saturn does not come into the orbit of the star dzṇ�. There is a story in the Padma ʳܰṇa, which states that this happened so because of a boon ŚԾ had given to ٲśٳ.

During the regime of ٲśٳ the planet ŚԾ approached the orbit of dzṇ�. Experts in astronomy said that the earth would be ruined by famine etc. if ŚԾ cleft the star dzṇ�. Hearing this ٲśٳ took his bow and arrows, got into his chariot, and started for the firmament. He travelled for one lac and a quarter of yojanas (leagues) and reached the hind part of dzṇ�, which is beyond the sun. Adorned with golden garments and a golden crown studded with jewels, seated on a golden chariot decorated with precious stones, and a lofty flagpost and yoked with horses of the colour of swan, the king shone in the sky as a second sun. He drew the bow-string right upto his ear and placed in it the arrow of destruction. When the devas and the asuras saw the arrow of destruction they began to tremble with fear. ŚԾ came to ٲśٳ and fell before him and said that he would grant any boon to the King, and requested him to recall the arrow of destruction. ٲśٳ told ŚԾ that he only wanted ŚԾ not to come to the orbit of dzṇ�. ŚԾ agreed. From that day onwards ŚԾ has never entered the orbit of dzṇ�. (Padma ʳܰṇa, Uttara Kānḍa, Chapter 34).

Death.

峾 and ṣmṇa with ī went to live in the forest. Sumantra who accompanied them up to the river Ganges, returned to the palace. By then ٲśٳ had fallen down filled with grief. He had never recovered from that state of unconsciousness. At the time of his death Bharata and ŚٰܲԲ had been away in the kingdom of Kekaya and 峾 and ṣmṇa in the forest. Thus the curse he incurred in his younger days from the aged hermit, the father of Śṇa, was fully realized.

ٲśٳ appears again.

屹ṇa was killed in the battle. ī was tested in fire and found sinless. 峾 accepted her, seeing that her conjugal fidelity was not marred. At this time Ś appeared before 峾 in a divine aeroplane. ٲśٳ was seated in that plane clad in pure garments. He took 峾 and ṣmṇa into his lap and embraced them. He blessed them and ī who was standing with folded hands. Then ٲśٳ disappeared. (ī쾱 峾ⲹṇa, Yuddha ṇḍ, Sarga 122).

*) It is stated in Ѳٲ, Vana Parva, Chapter 274, Stanza 6 that 'Ilabilā, was the name of the mother of ٲśٳ.

**) In Ծܰṇa Chapter 6, it is stated that the name of this hermit boy was ۲ñ岹ٳٲ.

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