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A delicious and precious food obtained from the ocean of Milk when the Devas and Asuras churned it. In Chapter 152 of Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, the word "M峁泃am" is defined as wealth received by begging and "础尘峁泃补m" as wealth received without begging, and "Pr膩m峁泃am" as another kind of wealth obtained without begging.

Cause of K峁Ｄ玶膩bdhi-mathanam.

(Churning of the Sea of Milk)鈥擮nce when 惭补丑补谤峁�i 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 was travelling through a forest, he met the 础辫蝉补谤腻 woman, 惭别苍补办腻, with a garland of Kalpaka flowers in her hand. The fragrance of the flowers filled the whole forest. 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 approached 惭别苍补办腻 and requested her to give the garland to him. The 痴颈诲测腻诲丑补谤墨 (础辫蝉补谤腻 woman) prostrated before the 惭补丑补谤峁�i with reverence and presented the garland to him. Wearing that garland on his hair, 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 went to devaloka.

There he saw Indra riding on his elephant, 础颈谤腻惫补迟补, accompanied by his retinue of Devas. The 惭补丑补谤峁�i took the rare garland from his head and presented it to Indra, the King of Devas. Indra received the garland and placed it on 础颈谤腻惫补迟补鈥檚 head. The elephant was attracted by the fragrance of the garland and took it in its trunk, examined it by smelling it and then threw it on the ground.

顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉, who became angry at the way in which his garland was slighted by Indra said to him: "Since you have treated my garland with disrespect, the glory and prosperity of devaloka will perish!" On hearing the curse, Indra alighted from the elephant, frightened. He begged pardon of the 惭补丑补谤峁�i. The furious Muni continued: "I am not soft-hearted; nor am I of a forgiving nature. Other Munis may forgive. Remember, I am 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉. You have become so haughty because other Munis like 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 and Gautama have been flattering you too much." Having said this 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 went his way. Indra returned to 础尘补谤腻惫补迟墨.

From that day the glory of devaloka began to decline. The three worlds became dull. Even the plants and shrubs began to wither. The performance of y膩gas came to an end. The Devas began to be affected by the infirmities of old age. Taking advantage of this situation, the Asuras started preparations for opposing the Devas. Under the oppression of the Asuras, the Devas groaned in distress. Led by Agni Deva they sought refuge under 叠谤补丑尘腻. 叠谤补丑尘腻 led them to 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻. They all joined in praising 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 who appeared and told them like this: "O Gods! I shall enhance your glory. Do as I tell you. Along with the Asuras bring all kinds of medicinal herbs and deposit them in the ocean of Milk. Obtain 础尘峁泃补m from it by churning it with 惭补丑腻尘别谤耻 as the churning staff and 痴腻蝉耻办颈 as the rope. The 础尘峁泃补m (础尘峁泃补) which will be produced by churning the Milk sea, will make you strong and deathless. I shall see that the Asuras will share in your troubles but not in enjoying 础尘峁泃补m."

Churning of the Milk Sea.

After 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 had vanished, the Devas made a treaty with the Asuras and began to work for getting 础尘峁泃补m. All of them joined together in bringing various kinds of medicinal herbs and after putting them in the Milk sea which was as clear as the cloudless sky, began to churn it, using Manthara Mountain as the churning staff and snake 痴腻蝉耻办颈 as the rope. The party of Devas was posted at the tail-end of 痴腻蝉耻办颈 while the Asuras took their stand at the head. The Asuras became enervated by the fiery breath coming out of 痴腻蝉耻办颈鈥檚 mouth. The clouds which were blown by that breath invigorated the Devas.

惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 transformed himself into a tortoise, and sitting in the middle of the Milk Sea served as the foundation for the Manthara Mountain, the churning staff. Assuming another form, invisible both to Devas and Asuras, 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 pressed down the Manthara Mountain from above.

While churning the Milk Sea like this, the first object that rose to the surface was 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻. Both Devas and Asuras were strongly attracted towards 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 While all were standing spellbound, 痴腻谤耻峁嚹玠别惫墨 with her enchanting dreamy eyes next appeared on the surface. P膩rij膩tam was the third to appear. Fourth, a group of 础辫蝉补谤腻 women of marvellous beauty floated up. The Moon appeared as the fifth. 艢颈惫补 received the Moon. The venom which came out of the Milk Sea as the sixth item, was absorbed by 狈腻驳补蝉. After that arose 叠丑补驳补惫腻苍 Dhanvantari, dressed in pure white robes and carrying a 碍补尘补峁囜笉补濒耻 in his hand filled with 础尘峁泃补m. All were delighted at this sight. Next 惭补丑腻濒补办峁�m墨 made her appearance in all her glory with a lotus in her hand and seated in an open lotus flower. Gandharvas sang celestial songs in her presence; 础辫蝉补谤腻 women danced. For her bath, the 骋补峁単腻 river arrived there with her tributaries. The Milk Sea itself took on physical form and offered her a garland of everfresh lotus flowers. 叠谤补丑尘腻 bedecked her with ornaments. After that Lak峁�m墨dev墨, fully adorned in all her magnificent jewels, in the presence of all Devas, joined the bosom of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻. The Asuras were displeased at it. They snatched the pot of 础尘峁泃补m from Dhanvantari and fled away.

How 础尘峁泃补m was recovered.

With the loss of 础尘峁泃补m, the Devas were in a fix. They began to consider how the pot of 础尘峁泃补m could be recovered. Accordingly 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 transformed himself into a celestial virgin, 惭辞丑颈苍墨, of extraordinary beauty. She approached the Asuras as a shy girl. The Asuras were enchanted by her surpassing beauty. They asked her, "Who are you?" Looking down on the ground, 惭辞丑颈苍墨 replied: "I am the little sister of Dhanvantari. By the time I came out of the Milk Sea, the Devas and Asuras had already gone. Being lonely I am going about in search of a suitable mate."

On hearing her words, the Asuras began to make friends with her one by one, determined not to waste this opportunity. They told her that she should distribute 础尘峁泃补m to all of them and in the end she should marry one of them. 惭辞丑颈苍墨 agreed, but added: "All of you should close your eyes. I shall serve 础尘峁泃补m to all. He who opens his eyes last, must serve 础尘峁泃补m to me and he will marry me".

All of them accepted this condition. They sat in front of 惭辞丑颈苍墨 with closed eyes. In a moment 惭辞丑颈苍墨 left the place with the pot of 础尘峁泃补m and went to devaloka.

搁腻丑耻鈥檚 neck is cut.

When the Asuras opened their eyes, 惭辞丑颈苍墨 was not to be seen. Finding that they were betrayed, they were in great perplexity. All of them pursued 惭辞丑颈苍墨 to devaloka. Devas had put the Sun and Moon gods on guard duty at the gates of devaloka. At the instance of the Asuras, 搁腻丑耻 in disguise entered the divine assembly chamber. The Sun and Moon gods detected him and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 with his weapon, 厂耻诲补谤艣补苍补 Cakra cut open his neck. Swearing that he would wreak vengeance on the Sun and Moon 搁腻丑耻 returned. In the 8th Skandha of 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 it is said that even now from time to time 搁腻丑耻 swallows the Sun and Moon, but they escape through the open gash in his neck and this is known as solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.

Defeat of the Asuras.

Indra and all other gods took 础尘峁泃补m. The enraged Asuras attacked the gods, who had gained strength and vigour by taking 础尘峁泃补m. The Asuras were driven away in all directions. All the three worlds began to enjoy glory and prosperity again.

碍补濒补办奴峁璦.

The story of how the deadly poison, 碍腻濒补办奴峁璦 arose at the churning of the ocean of Milk, is given in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 18, Verses 42-45, as follows: After many precious things had come up 碍腻濒补办奴峁璦 poison with fumes and flames, appeared on the surface of the ocean. Its strong smell caused a stupor in all the three worlds. Fearing that the world will perish, 叠谤补丑尘腻 requested 艢颈惫补 to swallow that poison. 艢颈惫补 gulped it down, but stopped it in his throat. From that day he became "狈墨濒补办补峁囜弓丑补".

The story of 础颈谤腻惫补迟补.

Indra鈥檚 tusker 础颈谤腻惫补迟补 was responsible for the churning of the ocean of Milk. But in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 18, Verse 42 it is said that a white elephant with four tusks arose during the churning of the ocean of Milk and that Devendra caught and tamed it. This is an obvious contradiction. Besides, in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 础谤补峁噛补k膩峁囜笉a, 14th Sarga, the wounded 闯补峁�穆页� describing his family history to 艢r墨 R膩ma, gives the following account about the origin of 础颈谤腻惫补迟补:

碍补艣测补辫补, one of the 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈蝉, married the eight daughters of 顿补办峁�a. One of them named 碍谤辞诲丑补惫补艣腻 had ten daughters by 碍补艣测补辫补. They were: 惭峁沢墨, Mrgamad膩, Hari, Bhadramad膩, 惭腻迟补峁単墨, 艢膩rd奴li, 艢惫别迟腻, Surabhi, 厂耻谤补蝉腻 and Kadru. Of them Bhadramad膩 gave birth to a daughter, Ir膩vati. The tusker 础颈谤腻惫补迟补 is 滨谤腻惫补迟墨鈥檚 son.

An explanation for this discrepancy may be seen in 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 3rd Section, Chapter 1. Now six Manvantaras have passed (See 'MANVANTARA'). This is the seventh Manvantara. Each Manvantara has a new Indra. According to this, different Indras have their own 础颈谤腻惫补迟补s. This is the only explanation for this apparent contradiction.

础尘峁泃补m and 骋补谤耻岣峚.

There is another story about 础尘峁泃补m which says that 骋补谤耻岣峚 once went to devaloka and brought 础尘峁泃补m from there to be given to the 狈腻驳补蝉, but Devendra came down and took it back. This story is given in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 from Chapter 27 onwards. 痴颈苍补迟腻, a wife of 碍补艣测补辫补 gave birth to 骋补谤耻岣峚 and Kadru and her sister gave birth to the 狈腻驳补蝉. Once there was a dispute between 痴颈苍补迟腻 and Kadru. 痴颈苍补迟腻 said that the hairs on the tail of 鲍肠肠补颈艣谤补惫补蝉, Devendra鈥檚 horse, were white but Kadru asserted that they were black. To settle the dispute they made a bet. The condition was that the loser must become the servant maid of the winner. As instructed by Kadru, some of the 狈腻驳补蝉 went in advance and hung down from the tail of Uccai艣艣ravas, thus giving the false appearance of a tail with black hairs. By this trick 痴颈苍补迟腻 lost the bet and had to become Kadru鈥檚 servant maid. As a result of it, the task of looking after Kadru鈥檚 children became 骋补谤耻岣峚鈥檚 duty. Kadru told him that if he fetched 础尘峁泃补m from devaloka and gave it to the 狈腻驳补蝉, she was prepared to release him from the bondage. So 骋补谤耻岣峚 flew up to devaloka, fought with the gods and defeated them. He returned with the pot of 础尘峁泃补m and gave it to the 狈腻驳补蝉. The 狈腻驳补蝉 went to take their bath after placing the pot on darbha grass spread on the floor. Just then Devendra swooped down and carried away the pot of 础尘峁泃补m to devaloka. When the 狈腻驳补蝉 returned after their purifying bath, the pot was not to be seen. In their greed they began to lick the darbha grass on which the pot was placed. The sharp edge of the grass cut their tongues into two. This is why the 狈腻驳补蝉 (snakes) came to have forked tongues.

础尘峁泃补m which has been thus recovered after many such adventures, is still preserved carefully in devaloka. [(1) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 17. (2) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 27, verse 16. (3) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧d墨 Parva, Chapter 30, Verse 2. (4) 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 础谤补峁噛补 碍腻峁囜笉补, 35th Sarga. (5) 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Section 1, Chapter 9. (6) Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 152. (7) 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 8th Skandha. (8) Uttara 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺.]

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