Viraha, 痴墨谤补丑腻: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Viraha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd EditionViraha (啶掂た啶班す) refers to:鈥擲eparation (same as vipralambha). (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationViraha (啶掂た啶班す) refers to 鈥渟eparation鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.3.4.鈥擜ccordingly, as Um膩 (Durg膩/Sat墨) spoke to the Gods:鈥斺�淸...] Ever since I cast off my body born of Dak峁 on seeing my lord鈥檚 disrespect at the hands of my father at the altar of sacrifice, my lord Rudra is tormented by thoughts about me. He saw my anger at the altar of my father鈥檚 sacrifice. Thinking that the virtuous lady had cast-off her body out of love for him he became a Yogin and abandoned home-life. He assumed an unearthly form and features. But he could not bear my separation [i.e., viraha]. [...]鈥�.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Kavya (poetry)
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) refers to 鈥渟eparation (from the external objects of the senses)鈥�, according to K膩lid膩sa鈥檚 Raghuva峁兣沘 verse 8.88-90.鈥擜ccordingly: 鈥淭he wise say that death is the natural state of embodied creatures and life is a change in that state. If a being remains breathing even for a moment it is surely fortunate. The foolish man regards the loss of his dear one as a dart shot into his heart. Another man looks on the same as a dart that has been pulled out, for it is a door to beatitude. When we are taught that our own body and soul unite and then separate, tell me which wise person should be tormented by separation (viraha) from the external objects of the senses?鈥�.
Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂啶�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) or 鈥渓ove in separation鈥� refers to one of the varieties of 艢峁涐箙g膩ra (鈥渢he erotic sentiment鈥�) which represents one of the nine kinds of Rasa (鈥渟oul of Drama鈥�), according to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擱asa or Sentiment is a very important component in poetry. Because, Sanskrit poetics advices to portray either 艣峁涐箛驳腻谤补 or 惫墨谤补 as the predominant sentiment in a Sanskrit drama. It is the sentiment of love and desire where the manifestation of the activities of K膩madeva i.e the god of love can be noticed. Rati i.e erotic emotion is the 蝉迟丑腻测墨产丑腻惫补 or permanent feeling of 艣峁涐箛驳腻谤补. 艢y膩ma i.e dark blue is the colour of this sentiment. Vi峁ａ箛u is the God of this sentiment. It is of two kinds viz., 蝉补峁僢丑辞驳补 i.e., love in union and viraha i.e., love in separation.
Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺 both the terms viraha and vipralambha are used to denote the second variety of 艣峁涐箛驳腻谤补 sentiment. But most of the Rhetoricians of Sanskrit poetics like Mamma峁璦 and Vi艣van膩thakavir膩ja use the term vipralambha only.
Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)
: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts痴墨谤补丑腻 (啶掂啶班す啶�) is the name of a deity associated with the fifth court (腻惫补谤补峁嘺) of the temple, as discussed in the ninth chapter of the 莫艣varasa峁僪it膩 (printed edition), a P膩帽car膩tra work in 8200 verses and 24 chapters dealing with topics such as routines of temple worship, major and minor festivals, temple-building and initiation.鈥擠escription of the chapter [dv膩r腻惫补谤补峁嘺-devat膩lak峁峁嘺-膩di-vidhi]: This chapter concerns the daily ritual obligations owed to the deities whose abodes are fixed in the temple doorways鈥擺...] In the fifth 腻惫补谤补峁嘺 are the eight deities: Lohit膩k峁, Mah膩v墨rya, Aprameya, Su艣obhana, 痴墨谤补丑腻, Vikrama, Bh墨ma and 艢at膩varta (139-153); the entrance to this round is guarded by Vajran膩bha, Har墨艣a, Dharm膩dhyak峁 and Niyantr墨艣a, V膩sun膩tha and Sudh膩nanda (154-168).
Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
: Wikisource: Ashtavakra GitaViraha (啶掂た啶班す) refers to the 鈥渞elinquishing鈥� (the sense of rejection and acceptance), according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as Janaka says to A峁ａ弓avakra]: 鈥淏y relinquishing the sense of rejection and acceptance (丑别测辞辫腻诲别测补-惫颈谤补丑补), and with pleasure and disappointment [heyop膩deyavirah膩deva峁� har峁vi峁Ｄ乨ayo岣�] ceasing today, Brahmin, I am now established. Life in a community, then going beyond such a state, meditation and the elimination of mind-made objects - by means of these I have seen my error, and I am now established. Just as the performance of actions is due to ignorance, so their abandonment is too. By fully recognising this truth, I am now established. [...]鈥�.
Vedanta (啶掂啶︵ぞ啶ㄠ啶�, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha SutraViraha (啶掂た啶班す, 鈥渄uration鈥�).鈥擶hat is the meaning of duration (惫颈谤补丑补-办腻濒补)? The duration (viraha) between cessation of right faith and its reoccurrence is called interval of time. Viraha and antara can be said to synonymous.
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsViraha (啶掂た啶班す) refers to a 鈥渓ack (of restraint)鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭hese, that is, the passions beginning with anger, the five objects of the senses which are the companions of lust, carelessness, wrong faith, speech and mind, and the body, the two [kinds of] bad meditation having a bad end and lack of restraint (viraha鈥�virativiraha艣 ceti) thus decidedly issue from the mass of evil of men inspiring fear of life. [Thus ends the reflection on] the influx of karma鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryviraha : (m.) separation; emptiness.
: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryViraha, (adj.) (vi+raho) empty, rid of, bar, without PvA. 137, 139 (s墨la掳). (Page 634)
[Pali to Burmese]
: Sutta: Tipi峁璦ka P膩岣穒-Myanmar Dictionary (醼愥��曖��嬦��-醼曖��犪��欋�坚�斸�横�欋�� 醼♂�樶��撫��斸��)惫颈谤补丑补鈥�
(Burmese text): 醼�醼勧�横��-醼嗎��愥��-醼�醼勧�横�羔�涐�踞�勧�横��-醼�醼勧�横�羔�嗎��愥��-醼佱�坚�勧�横�羔亱
(Auto-Translation): Clear-clear-clearance-clearance.
Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryviraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥攎 (S) Separation or parting; also separated state (esp. of lovers or friends). 2 The anguish of separation or of absence. 3 S Privation or want of; absence or nonbeing of unto generally.
: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishviraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥�m Separation; the anguish of separation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥�
1) Parting with, separation.
2) Especially, the separation of lovers; 啶膏ぞ 啶掂た啶班す啷� 啶むさ 啶︵啶ㄠぞ (s膩 virahe tava d墨n膩) G墨tagovinda 4; 啶曕啶粪ぃ啶お啶� 啶掂た啶班す啶� 啶啶班ぞ 啶� 啶膏啶灌 (k峁峁嘺mapi 惫颈谤补丑补岣� pur膩 na sehe) ibid; 啶曕 啶膏啶ㄠう啷嵿ぇ啷� 啶掂た啶班す啶掂た啶о啶班ぞ啶� 啶む啶掂し啷嵿く啷佮お啷囙啷嵿し啷囙い 啶溹ぞ啶ぞ啶 (ka岣� sa峁僴addhe virahavidhur膩峁� tva峁upek峁ta j膩y膩m) Meghad奴ta 8,12,29,87,89.
3) Absence.
4) Want.
5) Desertion, abandonment, relinquishment.
6) The feeling of love in separation; see 啶掂た啶啶班げ啶啶� (vipralambha) (6).
7) Loneliness.
Derivable forms: 惫颈谤补丑补岣� (啶掂た啶班す啶�).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥攎.
(-丑补岣�) 1. Separation, parting, absence, especially the separation of lovers. 2. Forbearance, cessation, relinquishment. E. vi before rah to abandon, aff. ac .
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥擺vi-rah + a], m. 1. Separation, [Meghad奴ta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 12; [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 5, 373; separation from (with instr.), [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 5, 149. 2. Absence, Bh膩峁Ｄ乸. 68; want, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] 127, 5. 3. Cessation, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 130. 4. Relinquishment.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す).鈥擺masculine] abandonment, separation from ([instrumental] or 鈥斅�); absence, want.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Viraha (啶掂た啶班す):鈥擺=vi-raha] [from vi-rah] m. abandonment, desertion, parting, separation ([especially] of lovers), absence from ([instrumental case] or [compound]), [Mah膩bh膩rata; K膩vya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] lack, want (ifc. = lacking, with the exception of), [K膩vya literature; Kath膩sarits膩gara] etc.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す):鈥擺vi-raha] (丑补岣�) 1. m. Separation, especially of lovers; absence; forbearance; relinquishment.
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Viraha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す) [Also spelled virah]:鈥�(nm) separation (from loved one); ~[janita/janya] caused by separation; —[jvara] the anguish of separation; —[惫别诲补苍腻/惫测补迟丑腻] pangs of separation, agony of separation; —[k墨 膩峁僣a] agony of separation; —[me峁� jalan膩] to suffer the agony of separation (from the loved one).
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Virah.
2) Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Viraha.
3) Viraha (啶掂た啶班す) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Viratha.
4) Vir膩ha (啶掂た啶班ぞ啶�) also relates to the Sanskrit word: 痴颈谤腻诲丑补.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
: Alar: Kannada-English corpusViraha (嗖掂部嗖班补):鈥�
1) [noun] the fact of being separated.
2) [noun] separation of lovers from each other.
3) [noun] a giving up (of something) completely or foreever; abandonment; relinquishment.
4) [noun] the fact of dissaociating from others and being alone.
5) [noun] the pining for one鈥檚 sweetheart.
--- OR ---
V墨raha (嗖掂硛嗖班补):鈥擺noun] a householder who has lost the perpetual sacriicial fire, used in his daily sacrifice.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryViraha (啶掂た啶班す):鈥攏. separation; parting; estrangement; loss;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+11): Virahaa, Virahadhigama, Virahaga, Virahagunita, Virahaja, Virahajanita, Virahajvara, Virahakatara, Virahamukta, Virahana, Virahanala, Viraharipralapa, Viraharta, Virahartta, Virahashayana, Virahatapa, Virahattha, Virahaturatman, Virahavastha, Virahavasthe.
Full-text (+129): Virahita, Paravirahan, Virahajvara, Virahanala, Virahati, Lobhaviraha, Virahotkanthita, Virahavyapad, Virahaja, Prathamaviraha, Virahavastha, Viraharta, Priyaviraha, Virahin, Virahotsuka, Virahashayana, Virahagunita, Vacisankharaviraha, Virah, Mulantaraviraha.
Relevant text
Search found 50 books and stories containing Viraha, Vi-raha, Vi-raha-a, 痴墨谤补丑腻, Vir膩ha, V墨raha; (plurals include: Virahas, rahas, as, 痴墨谤补丑腻s, Vir膩has, V墨rahas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati D膩sa)
Verse 2.26.79 < [Chapter 26 - Descriptions of the Mercy Bestowed on 艢ukl膩mbara and Vijay and the Lord鈥檚 Desire to Accept Sanny膩sa]
Verse 1.17.121 < [Chapter 17 - The Lord鈥檚 Travel to Gay膩]
Verse 2.28.82 < [Chapter 28 - The Lord鈥檚 Pastime of Accepting Sanny膩sa]
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 5.14.3 < [Chapter 14 - The Meeting of King Nanda and Uddhava]
Verse 5.16.13 < [Chapter 16 - Comforting Sri Radha and the Gopis]
Verse 5.16.9 < [Chapter 16 - Comforting Sri Radha and the Gopis]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D膩sa)
Text 10.207 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 7.135 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]
Text 10.112 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Rig Veda 1.91.19 < [Sukta 91]