Multivariate Analysis of Tridoshagna Varga of Sidhhamantra Nighantu
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Multivariate Analysis of Tridoshagna Varga of Sidhhamantra Nighantu
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Parul Anand
PhD Scholar, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Bhupesh R Patel
HOD, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
V J Shukla
Pharmaceutical Head, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Deepak Garg
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Multivariate Analysis of Tridoshagna Varga of Sidhhamantra Nighantu
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i6.1122
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the Sidhhamantra Nighantu, a lexicon from the 13th century AD that contains a chapter known as Tridoshaghna Varga, listing various drugs that pacify the three Doshas�Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. These drugs are unique due to their specific combinations of Rasa (taste), Guna (qualities), Virya (potency), and Vipaka (post-digestive effect). The aim is to investigate the Tridoshaghna concept using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to better understand the therapeutic properties of these drugs and their applications in clinical practice.
Importance of Rasa and Vipaka in Tridoshaghna Action
One of the critical findings of the study is the significance of Rasa and Vipaka in Tridoshaghna action. The analysis revealed that Madhura Vipaka (sweet post-digestive effect) is a principal factor contributing to the pacifying action on all three Doshas. This association indicates that drugs with a sweet post-digestive effect are beneficial for promoting longevity and overall health. Moreover, the study established that Sheeta Guna (cold quality) also significantly influences the efficacy of these drugs, marking it as a secondary contributor in most conditions. Therefore, a strategic combination of these elements, such as Sheeta Virya and Madhura Vipaka, could optimize treatment for various diseases linked to imbalances in the Doshas.
Nutritional and Medicinal Significance of Tridoshaghna Varga
Another important aspect explored in the study is the inclusion of various nutritional herbs and food items within the Tridoshaghna Varga. The chapter identifies not only medicinal plants but also varieties of rice and other nutritional foods that can help balance the Doshas. This highlights the potential for these foods to serve as dietary solutions for maintaining health and homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of addressing dietary choices in conjunction with medicinal applications. Plants like Gambhari, Gokshura, and Brahmi, noted for their Tridosha pacifying properties, also demonstrate the holistic approach of Ayurveda in promoting well-being through both medicinal and nutritional means.
Conclusion
The findings from the analysis of the Tridoshaghna Varga offer significant insights into the mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic actions of various drugs mentioned in the Sidhhamantra Nighantu. The study suggests that practitioners should consider this group of substances in their clinical practices, focusing on how the interplay of Rasa, Guna, Virya, and Vipaka contributes to their efficacy. Additionally, further research is encouraged to explore the nutritional elements included in the chapter, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of how dietary components can influence health through their Tridoshaghna effects.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Tridoshaghna Varga in Sidhhamantra Nighantu?
Tridoshaghna Varga is a chapter in Sidhhamantra Nighantu that lists various drugs known to pacify one, two, or all three Doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. This unique lexicon includes herbal, mineral, and animal origin substances with specific therapeutic properties.
How was the multivariate analysis conducted in the study?
The study collected data on drugs' botanical identities and their attributes like Rasa, Guna, Virya, and Vipaka. This information was analyzed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) through R software to visualize the relationships among the variables and their therapeutic actions.
What significant findings emerged from the MCA analysis?
The MCA analysis revealed that Madhura Vipaka and Sheeta Guna are significant factors contributing to Tridoshaghna action. It indicated that a combination of these properties, alongside Tikta or Katu Rasa, is effective in achieving the desired therapeutic outcomes in various diseased conditions.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Multivariate Analysis of Tridoshagna Varga of Sidhhamantra Nighantu�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Rice (Rce):
Rice is a significant element mentioned under the Tridoshaghna Varga, with many varieties grown under different climatic conditions and fragrant types included for their nutritional and therapeutic values in Ayurveda.
2) Drug:
In the research, the action of various herbs and substances as drugs is assessed for their efficacy in pacifying different Doshas and their therapeutic potential in Ayurveda.
3) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa, or taste, is one of the key factors considered in the analysis of drug action, influencing the therapeutic potential and effectiveness in balancing the Doshas.
4) Vipaka:
Vipaka refers to the post-digestive taste of a drug or food item, which significantly impacts its ultimate efficacy and action, particularly noted for its importance in Tridoshaghna properties.
5) Guna:
Guna pertains to the inherent qualities of a substance, like heaviness or lightness, which are critical in determining its effect on the body and the balance of Doshas.
6) Varga:
Varga, in this context, denotes a group or category of substances listed in the Tridoshaghna Varga, each classified according to their dosha-neutralizing properties.
7) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas, specifically Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, are the three fundamental bio-energies or humors in Ayurveda that drugs in the Tridoshaghna Varga aim to balance.
8) Virya:
Virya is the potency or energy of a drug, another essential characteristic analyzed to understand a substance's capacity to mitigate the Doshas.
9) Madhura:
Madhura, meaning 'sweet', refers to one of the tastes predominantly found among Tridoshaghna substances, indicating their potential to pacify multiple Doshas.
10) Substance:
Various substances of herbal, mineral, and animal origins are analyzed under the Tridoshaghna Varga to evaluate their role in Ayurvedic healing.
11) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to a lexicon or compendium, such as Sidhhamantra Nighantu, which is studied to classify and understand the therapeutic properties of various substances.
12) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
This traditional Indian medical system forms the foundation for the study, categorizing drugs and food based on their effects on the Doshas and overall health.
13) India:
India, where Ayurveda originated, is the context for the study that analyzes native herbs, minerals, and animal products for their medicinal properties.
14) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha denotes the three Doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—whose balance is crucial for health, and the study focuses on substances that can pacify all three.
15) Shukla (Sukla):
V J Shukla is one of the authors of the study, contributing expertise in the field of Dravyaguna Vigyana and Ayurvedic pharmacology.
16) Tikta:
Tikta, or ‘bitter�, is one of the tastes analyzed in the study as it plays a significant role in the Tridoshaghna action of various substances.
17) Patel:
Bhupesh R Patel, another author of the study, is noted for his role as the Head of Department, bringing extensive knowledge in Ayurvedic principles.
18) Food:
Food items, particularly those with medicinal properties, are analyzed in the Tridoshaghna Varga for their role in nutritionally balancing the Doshas.
19) Crop:
Crops, including various types of rice, are included in the analysis to assess their potential as dietary recommendations for dosha-balancing within Ayurveda.
20) Mineral:
Minerals such as mica (Abhraka) and rock salt (Sindhu) are evaluated for their medicinal properties and their role in the Tridoshaghna Varga.
21) Sariva (Shariva):
Sariva, or Hemidesmus indicus, is one of the herbs listed for its effectiveness in balancing all three Doshas due to its unique combination of properties.
22) Madhya:
[see source text or glossary: Madhya]
23) Kerala:
Kerala is referenced for its specific varieties of rice and other plants mentioned for their significant role in Ayurveda and dosha-balancing properties.
24) Animal:
Animal substances are also considered in the Tridoshaghna Varga analysis for their specific properties that can neutralize the three Doshas.
25) Dhatu:
Dhatus are the seven fundamental bodily tissues in Ayurveda, whose balance and health are critical and influenced by the therapeutic actions of substances.
26) Aroma (A-roma):
[see source text or glossary: Aroma]
27) Campa:
Samba refers to a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in Tamil Nadu, listed in the study for its therapeutic properties as part of the Tridoshaghna Varga.
28) Katu:
Katu, meaning 'pungent', is another taste studied for its efficacy in drug action, contributing to the balancing of Doshas in Ayurvedic treatment.
29) Bala:
Bala, or Sida cordifolia, is a significant herb included for its multifaceted properties that contribute to the pacification of the Doshas.
30) Prishniparni (Prsniparni, Prishni-parni):
Prishniparni (Uraria picta or Urariapicta DC) is one of the herbs examined for its broad therapeutic effects and its inclusion in the Tridoshaghna Varga.
31) Anulomana:
Anulomana refers to a substance's property of regulating bowel motions, a crucial function for ensuring dosha balance as indicated by certain herbs in the study.
32) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
[see source text or glossary: Tamil-nadu]
33) Katurasa (Katu-rasa):
[see source text or glossary: Katu-rasa]
34) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation in Ayurveda refers to the imbalance of Doshas in the body which can lead to disease; the Tridoshaghna Varga aims to rectify such imbalances.
35) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha means medicinal herb, and the study categorizes various herbs with therapeutic actions that pacify the three Doshas.
36) Gokshura (Goksura, Go-kshura):
Gokshura, or Tribulus terrestris, is included for its significant role in pacifying the Doshas due to its specific rasa-panchaka properties.
37) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti refers to an individual's unique body constitution in Ayurveda, highlighting the importance of custom diets and treatments as indicated in the study.
38) Abhraka:
Abhraka, or mica, is analyzed for its unique mineral properties that contribute to dosha-neutralizing effects categorized under the Tridoshaghna Varga.
39) Jivanti (Jivamti):
Jivanti, or Leptadenia reticulata, is recognized for its properties that support longevity and balance across the Doshas, per its inclusion in the study.
40) Pramoda:
Pramoda refers to a variety of Basmati rice noted for its aroma and effectiveness in pacifying the Doshas, identified under the Tridoshaghna category.
41) Palasha (Palasa, Pala-asha):
Palasha, or Butea monosperma, is included for its therapeutic properties that help balance Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, essential for dosha-neutralization.
42) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana refers to the pacifying actions against doshas and is a key therapeutic property investigated within the provided Tridoshaghna Varga substances.
43) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]
44) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara Rasa, an alkaline taste, is found to be a significant factor in Ayurvedic drug actions for the Tridoshaghna category according to the study's MCA results.
45) Abhaya:
Abhaya, or Terminalia chebula, is a vital herb included for its Srotoshodhana and dosha-pacifying properties, contributing to its Tridoshaghna classification.
46) Dhatri (Dhatr):
Dhatri or Emblica officinalis, is recognized for its ability to balance all three Doshas through its unique combination of properties and health benefits.
47) Brahmi:
Brahmi, or Bacopa monnieri, is a significant herb known for its mental health benefits and inclusion due to its tridoshagnic action.
48) Dadima:
Dadima, or Punica granatum, is a fruit included for its potential nutritional benefits and its role in balancing Doshas as indicated in the study.
49) Sharad (Sarad):
Sharad denotes the harvest season, related to certain crops discussed in the study, which impacts the nutritional and therapeutic properties of those crops.
50) Ashoka (Asoka):
Ashoka, or Saraca asoca, is an essential herb in Ayurveda included for its broad therapeutic properties that help balance all three Doshas.
51) Patala:
Patala, or Stereospermum suaveolens, is categorized for its significant Rasapanchaka properties contributing to its Tridoshaghna effect.
52) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi refers to disease conditions in Ayurveda, and the study discusses how various substances mitigate these through their specific dosha-balancing properties.
53) Family:
[see source text or glossary: Family]
54) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, representing fire and transformation, and balancing it is a key goal for the substances in the Tridoshaghna Varga.
55) Kapha:
Kapha, another Dosha in Ayurveda, embodies structure and lubrication, balanced by the therapeutic properties of various substances studied under the Tridoshaghna Varga.
56) Karma (Karman):
[see source text or glossary: Karma]
57) Gaura:
Gaura refers to Yellowish tinged grain, a variety of parboiled long grain rice analyzed for its nutritional and dosha-balancing properties.
58) Sushi (Susi, Shushi):
[see source text or glossary: Sushi]
59) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush references the traditional Indian systems of medicine, under the purview of the Ministry of AYUSH, supporting the relevance of the study.
60) Tulsi:
[see source text or glossary: Tulsi]
61) Earth:
[see source text or glossary: Earth]
62) Satti:
Sathi refers to varieties of short-duration rice crops such as Mahan & Gauria Sathi, known for their nutritional and therapeutic effects in Ayurveda.
63) Sida (Shida):
Sida refers to Sida Cordifolia, commonly known as Bala, included for its vital properties in balancing multiple Doshas.
64) Raja:
[see source text or glossary: Raja]
65) Vata:
Vata represents air and space among the three Doshas, and substances in the Tridoshaghna Varga aim to balance this Dosha along with Pitta and Kapha.
66) Sara (Shara):
Sara Guna, or mobility, is one of the qualities evaluated in the study for its relevance to the Tridoshaghna action of botanical and other substances.
67) Jala:
Jala refers to water sources, such as Gangambu (pure rain-water), included in the analysis for their dosha-neutralizing benefits in Ayurveda.
68) Tree:
[see source text or glossary: Tree]
69) Salt (Salty):
[see source text or glossary: Salt]
70) Leptadenia reticulata:
Leptadenia reticulata, also known as Jivanti, highlights the properties of enhancing longevity and balancing the Doshas as part of the Tridoshaghna Varga.
71) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia, or Guduchi, is praised for its Srotoshodhana, Deepana, and dosha-balancing actions, making it part of the Tridoshaghna Varga.
72) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as Neem, is noted for its therapeutic potential in balancing the Doshas, earning its place in the Tridoshaghna Varga.
73) Butea monosperma:
Butea monosperma, or Palasha, is included for its significant properties that help balance the three Doshas as detailed in the Tridoshaghna Varga.
74) Crocus sativus:
Crocus sativus, known as saffron or Kumkuma, is noted for its dosha-neutralizing properties and is included in the analysis of the Tridoshaghna Varga.
75) Human body:
[see source text or glossary: Human body]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 240]
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