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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淪tudy on Hypertensive Retinopathy and Dehaprakruti Relationship鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Dosha (Dosa):
In Ayurveda, Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily bioelements鈥擵ata, Pitta, and Kapha鈥攖hat govern physiological and mental functions, as well as disease tendencies. Dosha plays a key role in determining a person鈥檚 Prakruti (constitution) and balance, impacting health and susceptibility to disorders.

2) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by heat and intensity. It governs metabolism, digestion, and transformation processes in the body. Pitta dominance in Prakruti can indicate susceptibility to inflammatory conditions and diseases related to heat and acidity.

3) Vata:
Vata represents the elements of air and space among the three Doshas in Ayurveda. It is responsible for movement, communication, and transportation within the body. Imbalance in Vata Dosha may lead to issues like hypertension and neurological conditions.

4) Vatapitta (Vata-pitta):
Vatapitta denotes a dual constitution where both Vata and Pitta Doshas dominate. Individuals with Vatapitta Prakruti may experience mixed traits and are prone to diseases related to both Doshas, such as hypertensive retinopathy and heat-induced conditions.

5) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]

6) Kapha:
Kapha is the Dosha characterized by earth and water elements. It provides structure, cohesion, and lubrication in the body. Imbalances in Kapha Dosha can lead to conditions like congestion, fluid retention, and lethargy, while a balanced Kapha supports stability and immunity.

7) Netra:
Netra, meaning 'eye' in Ayurveda, is considered the supreme sense organ for acquiring knowledge. Hypertensive retinopathy, involving retinal vascular damage, illustrates the importance of maintaining ocular health and understanding the relationship between Netra and Doshas.

8) Pradhan:
Pradhan refers to the dominant Dosha in an individual鈥檚 Prakruti. For example, in Vatapitta Dehaprakruti, Vata and Pitta are the Pradhan Doshas, which dictate one鈥檚 health tendencies, disease susceptibilities, and body constitution.

9) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the traditional system of medicine in India, focusing on holistic health through balancing the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). It emphasizes individualized treatment, natural remedies, and understanding one鈥檚 unique Prakruti for disease prevention and management.

10) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
[see source text or glossary: Vyadhi]

11) Blood:
Blood is crucial in hypertensive retinopathy as elevated blood pressure leads to retinal vascular damage. Understanding the relationship between blood and Dosha imbalances helps in Ayurvedic diagnosis and management of systemic complications like hypertension.

12) Diet:
Diet, or Ahar, is a pivotal component in Ayurveda for maintaining Dosha balance. Proper dietary habits, tailored to one鈥檚 Prakruti (constitution), can prevent diseases such as hypertension and its complication, hypertensive retinopathy.

13) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]

14) Education:
Education, especially patient education, is vital for managing hypertensive retinopathy. Understanding the connection between one鈥檚 Prakruti and lifestyle choices empowers individuals to adhere to recommended dietary, lifestyle (Vihar), and daily regimen (Dinacharya) practices.

15) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
Nagpur is the location mentioned frequently in the study, indicating the base for research institutions like Shri K.R Pandav Ayurved College and Govt. Ayurved College where parts of this study regarding hypertensive retinopathy and Prakruti were conducted.

16) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where Nagpur and Bhandara are located. It serves as the geographical context for the institutions and demographic data mentioned in the study on hypertensive retinopathy and Prakruti in Ayurveda.

17) Anubandha (Anubamdha):
Anubandha refers to the secondary Doshas supporting the primary ones in Prakruti, impacting disease manifestations. For instance, in Vatapitta Prakruti, Vata and Pitta are primary, while other Doshas might play supporting roles in health and disease patterns.

18) Blindness:
Blindness can occur as a severe outcome of hypertensive retinopathy if not diagnosed and managed timely. Vision impairment and blindness are significantly associated with varying degrees of this condition, underlining the importance of early detection and intervention.

19) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya are the bodily tissues and waste products affected in disease processes. In hypertension, Rakta (blood) is the primary Dushya, highlighting the interaction between Dosha imbalances and systemic manifestations, including hypertensive retinopathy.

20) Labour (Labor):
Labour, in the context of the study, refers to one of the occupational groups observed for hypertensive retinopathy prevalence. It helps in understanding how occupation may influence or correlate with health outcomes and disease patterns.

21) Aha (Ahan, Ahar):
Ahar means diet in Ayurveda. It is essential for maintaining health according to one鈥檚 Prakruti. Proper dietary habits can prevent imbalances in Doshas and subsequently avoid complications like hypertensive retinopathy.

22) Cali (Celu):
[see source text or glossary: Salu]

23) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kaphapitta, or Kapha-Pitta Prakruti, refers to individuals with both Kapha and Pitta Doshas predominating. This constitution influences health tendencies and susceptibilities to particular diseases, impacting metabolic balance and inflammatory responses.

24) Vyanavata (Vyana-vata):
Vyana Vata is a subtype of Vata Dosha responsible for circulation and movement of nutrients and blood within the body. Imbalances in Vyana Vata can lead to systemic and ocular complications like hypertensive retinopathy.

25) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja refers to conditions involving all three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Hypertension is described as a Vatapradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi, with Vata playing a primary role and Pitta and Kapha as secondary contributors.

26) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vata Dosha is one of the three primary bio-elements in Ayurveda. It governs movement, communication, and bodily functions. Imbalances in Vata Dosha are critically involved in the pathogenesis of conditions such as hypertension and its ocular manifestation, hypertensive retinopathy.

27) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]

28) Samprapti:
Samprapti in Ayurveda is the process of disease formation, tracking how Dosha imbalances interact with Dhatus (tissues) and Malas (waste). Understanding its relation to hypertensive retinopathy helps develop appropriate interventions.

29) Pradhana:
Pradhana, indicating the primary or dominant Dosha, is crucial in pathogenesis and treatment strategies in Ayurveda. For instance, in Vatapitta Prakruti, Vata and Pitta are the Pradhana Doshas influencing disease patterns such as hypertensive retinopathy.

30) Bhandara (Bhamdara):
Bhandara is another location in Maharashtra where part of the study was conducted, specifically at Smt Shalinitai Meghe Ayurved College. It situates the context of the research on hypertensive retinopathy and Prakruti.

31) Tejomaya (Tejas-maya):
Tejomaya describes the eye (Netra) in Ayurveda, emphasizing its illumination and importance among the senses. Maintaining the health of this 'Tejomaya' organ is crucial, particularly in preventing vision loss from conditions like hypertensive retinopathy.

32) Language:
[see source text or glossary: Language]

33) Indriya (Imdriya):
Indriya, meaning sense organ, is vital in acquiring knowledge and interacting with the environment. Netra (eye) is considered the most important Indriya in Ayurvedic texts, stressing its role in diseases like hypertensive retinopathy.

34) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts like Sushruta Samhita, which provide detailed anatomical, physiological, and pathological descriptions. These works are foundational in formulating treatments for conditions like hypertensive retinopathy.

35) Mandala (Mamdala):
Mandala is one of the three anatomical divisions of the eye described in Ayurvedic texts (Sushruta Samhita). Understanding the eye's structure is important for diagnosing and managing ocular diseases such as hypertensive retinopathy.

36) Virudha:
Virudha, meaning incompatible, often refers to dietary and lifestyle choices in Ayurveda. Virudha Ahar-Vihar (incompatible diet and lifestyle) can lead to Dosha imbalances, contributing to conditions like hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy.

37) Nayana:
Nayana, meaning eye, is a supreme Dhyanendriya (sense organ) in Ayurveda. Preservation and care of the Nayana are critical, especially in preventing conditions like hypertensive retinopathy that can impair vision.

38) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
Sandhi is one of the three parts of the eye described by Acharya Sushruta, alongside Mandala and Patala. Proper understanding of Sandhi鈥檚 role in ocular structure is crucial for diagnosing and managing eye diseases like hypertensive retinopathy.

39) Garbha:
Garbha refers to the fetus or embryonic development. In Ayurveda, the Prakruti formed during Garbha stage influences lifelong health and susceptibility to diseases like hypertensive retinopathy based on Dosha balance.

40) Patala:
Patala is another anatomical component of the eye described in Ayurvedic classics, along with Mandala and Sandhi. It plays a role in the overall structure and function of the eye, relevant in conditions like hypertensive retinopathy.

41) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma, in the context of this study, refers to one of the authors, Gopal Sharma, a professor involved in the research on hypertensive retinopathy and Dehaprakruti.

42) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]

43) Silver:
Silver wiring of arterioles is a clinical feature in grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy, indicating severe retinal changes due to elevated blood pressure. It is a key diagnostic sign in advanced stages.

44) Insect:
In Ayurvedic texts like those of Sushruta, it is mentioned that insects born in poison do not die from their own poison, analogous to the dominant Dosha in one's Prakruti not causing harm despite its imbalance.

45) Cotton:
Cotton wool spots are a finding in grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy, indicating retinal nerve fiber ischemia. These spots are important for the diagnosis and grading of the severity of hypertensive retinopathy.

46) Kriya:
Kriya Sharir, the study of physiological functions in Ayurveda, informs the understanding of how Dosha imbalances impact health. This is integral in diagnosing and managing conditions like hypertensive retinopathy.

47) Sutra:
Sutra refers to aphorisms or concise teachings in Ayurvedic texts. Sutras related to Netra and Dehaprakruti are essential in understanding the foundational principles guiding the study and management of hypertensive retinopathy.

48) Rakta:
Rakta, meaning blood, is the primary Dushya (affected tissue) in hypertensive retinopathy. Elevated blood pressure causes retinal vascular damage, making Rakta and its management critical in preventing complications.

49) Vyana:
[see source text or glossary: Vyana]

50) Dhatu:
Dhatu refers to the fundamental tissues in Ayurveda, whose balance is crucial for health. In conditions like hypertensive retinopathy, the interaction of Doshas with Dhatus determines disease progression and management strategies.

51) India:
India is the country where this study was conducted, specifically in the states of Maharashtra at institutions like Shri K.R Pandav Ayurved College and Govt. Ayurved College, focusing on hypertensive retinopathy and Prakruti.

52) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]

53) Mala:
[see source text or glossary: Mala]

54) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri K.R Pandav Ayurved College in Nagpur is one of the institutions where the observational study on hypertensive retinopathy and Dehaprakruti was carried out, highlighting the importance of institutional support in Ayurvedic research.

55) Wool:
[see source text or glossary: Wool]

56) Gold (Golden):
Fundus photography is considered the gold standard for diagnosing retinal changes like hypertensive retinopathy. This imaging technique ensures accurate documentation of retinal vascular damage, critical for effective diagnosis and treatment.