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In connection with the personification of Rudra, the physical characteristics of Rudra are described very delightfully in the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 of the Yajurveda.

In the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, Rudra is said to be copper-coloured^[1], 贬颈谤补峁噛补产腻丑耻 or one who wears golden ornaments on his hands and 贬补谤颈办别艣补 or one who possesses green-coloured hair.^[2] 鲍惫补峁璦 makes him the possessor of redcoloured hair and according to 惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, he has blue-coloured hair.^[3] He is called 狈墨濒补驳谤墨惫补 or the colour of his neck is blue and 艢颈迟颈办补峁囜弓丑补 or his throat is white.^[4] He has thousand eyes. For that reason he is called 厂补丑补蝉谤腻办峁�a.^[5] Again in another mantra of the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, Rudra is called Tryambaka.^[6]

惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补 explains the term tryambaka as:

迟谤测补尘产补办补峁� netratrayopeta峁� rudram

Or, Rudra who has three eyes.^[7] He is 狈墨濒补濒辞丑颈迟补.^[8] 惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补 remarks that ka峁囜弓he n墨lo鈥檔yatra 濒辞丑颈迟补岣�.^[9] It means he is blue-necked and red elsewhere. His physical appearance is ascribed with a number of contradictory epithets. Like, he is mentioned as Kapardin or one with braided hair. At the same time, he is called 痴测耻辫迟补办别艣补 or shaven-haired.^[10] He is invoked as Hrasva or short, 痴腻尘补苍补 or dwarf, 痴补谤峁Ｄ珁补蝉 or adult,^[11] 闯测别峁ａ弓丑补 or eldest, 碍补苍颈峁ａ弓丑补 or youngest, 笔奴谤惫补箩补 or first-born as well as Aparaja or last-born and he is also the Madhyama or middlemost.^[12] But S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya does not accept the meaning of 箩测别峁ａ弓丑补 and 办补苍颈峁ａ弓丑补 like this. S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya takes the term 箩测别峁ａ弓丑补 as one who has great excellence in the sphere of knowledge and wealth, etc.鈥�惫颈诲测补颈艣惫补谤测腻诲颈产丑颈谤补诲丑颈办辞 箩测别峁ａ弓丑补岣� and one who has less knowledge and wealth as 办补苍颈峁ａ弓丑补鈥�迟补诲谤补丑颈迟辞鈥檒辫补岣� 办补苍颈峁ａ弓丑补岣�.^[13] He wears a turban on his head^[14] and his attire is made of skin.^[15] He puts a helmet on his head, a kavac or cuirass and varma or armour on his body as well as a 惫补谤奴迟丑补 on his hands.^[16] 痴补谤奴迟丑补 means metallic cover or a bracelet which is worn over hands.

Here, in his commentary 鲍惫补峁璦 explains the term 惫补谤奴迟丑补 as:

hastina upari g峁沨膩k膩ra岣� ko峁ａ弓aka岣�.^[17]

惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补 points out that varma and kavac are not the same. He remarks that鈥�

patasy奴ta峁� karp膩sagarbha峁� deharak峁�aka峁� kavacam and lohamaya峁� 艣ar墨rarak峁�aka峁� varmam.^[18]

Kavaca means a cover made of thread and cloth, etc. and varma means an iron cover which is worn over body. Veneration is paid to Rudra who is said to be Varmin, Kavacin, Vilmin, 痴补谤奴迟丑颈苍 as well as 鲍峁�n墨峁�i苍. Rudra鈥檚 physical appearance as a warrior is delineated by the above mentioned attributes.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻,16.18

[2]:

鈥�namo namo 惫峁沰峁�ebhyo harike艣ebhya岣モ��|| Ibid., 16.17

[3]:

鲍惫补峁璦 and 惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid.

[4]:

namo n墨lagr墨v膩ya ca 艣itika峁囜弓h膩ya ca || 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.28

[5]:

namo鈥檚tu n墨lagr墨v膩ya sahasr膩k峁Ｄ亂a m墨岣峢u峁�e | Ibid., 16.8

[6]:

迟谤测补尘产补办补峁� yaj膩mahe 蝉耻驳补苍诲丑颈峁� pu峁ａ弓ivardhanam | urv膩rukamiva bandhan膩nm峁泃yormuk峁Ｄ珁a m膩鈥檓峁泃膩t | 迟谤测补尘产补办补峁� yaj膩mahe 蝉耻驳补苍诲丑颈峁� pativedanam | urv膩rukamiva bandhan膩dito muk峁Ｄ珁a m膩muta岣� || Ibid., 3.60

[7]:

惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid., 3.60

[8]:

痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.47

[9]:

惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid.

[10]:

苍补尘补岣� kapardine ca vyuptake艣膩ya ca 苍补尘补岣モ��|| 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.29

[11]:

namo hrasv膩ya ca v膩man膩ya ca namo b峁沨ate ca var峁Ｄ珁ase ca...|| Ibid., 16.30

[12]:

namo jye峁ａ弓h膩ya ca kani峁ａ弓h膩ya ca 苍补尘补岣� p奴rvaj膩ya c膩paraj膩ya ca namo madhyam膩ya鈥�|| Ibid., 16.32

[13]:

厂腻测补峁嘺 on 罢补颈迟迟颈谤墨测补-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 4.5.6.1

[14]:

nama u峁ａ箛墨峁�i峁噀 giricar膩ya kulu帽c膩n膩峁� pataye namo...|| 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.22

[15]:

(a) avatatadhanv膩 pin膩k膩vasa岣� k峁泃tiv膩s膩 ahi峁僺anna岣� 艣ivo鈥檛墨hi || Ibid., 3.61 (b) parame 惫峁沰峁�e 腻测耻诲丑补峁� 苍颈诲丑腻测补 办峁泃迟颈峁� 惫补蝉腻苍补 腻肠补谤补 辫颈苍腻办补峁� bibhrad膩gahi || Ibid., 16.51

[16]:

namo vilmine ca kavacine ca namo varmi峁噀 ca var奴thine ca...|| Ibid., 16.35

[17]:

鲍惫补峁璦, Ibid.

[18]:

惭补丑墨诲丑补谤补, Ibid.