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Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study)

by Padma Sugavanam | 2011 | 95,782 words

This page relates ‘Kohala and Gita (10): The concept of Sthaya� of the thesis dealing with Kohala’s contribution to the Sanskrit textual tradition of ancient Indian performing arts. The study focuses specifically on music (Gita), dance (Nritya), and drama (Natya). Although Kohala’s original works have not been found, numerous references to him across Lakshana-Granthas (treatises) and works by modern scholars indicate his significance.

Go directly to: Footnotes.

Kohala and Gītā (10): The concept of Sthāya

स्थय� प्रयुक्तस्तिरुपस्तथै� चान्दोलितस्तद्द्वयमिश्रणेन �
क्रमोदितोक्तद्वयनामधेय� स्थय� भवेदाद्य इहावधेयः � �.२६� �
लीनः पुरोक्तः खल� कम्पितश्� स्थयस्तु यस्तद्द्वयमिश्रणात� स्यात् �
लीनादिमं कम्पितमीरयन्ति द्वितीयमेत� खल� मिश्रभेदम् � �.२६� �
यं कम्पितश्चापि तथाहतश्च स्थयोऽपि यस्तद्द्वयमेलनेन �
तमाहतं कम्पितपूर्वमाहुः स्थय� तृतीयं खल� मिश्रभेदम् � �.२६� �
पुरोदितो यस्तिरुपस्तथैव यः प्रत्यपादि स्फुरितः पुरस्तात� �
तन्नामधेयद्वयत� यथोक्तक्रमोदित� तुर्यमिम� वदन्ति � �.२६� �
यस्मिंस्तु लीनस्फुरितौतथा यः स्थय� तु लीनस्फुरिताख्यमाहु� �
यस्मिन्मिलेतां स्फुरिताहत� द्वौ षष्ठ� तमाहुः स्फुरिताहताख्यम् � �.२६� �
त्रियोगजातान� कलयेऽथ मिश्रान् स्थयान� पुनर्गायकबोधहेतो� �
आद्यन्तयोर्यत्� विभाति लीनो यन्मध्यमस्तिष्ठत� कम्पितश्� � �.२६� �
सन्त� पुनः स्थयविदस्तमेतं लीनादिमं कम्पितलीनमाहुः �
यत्र त्रिभिन्नः कुरल� प्रोक्तः स्यादाहतश्चात्� विमिश्रमेतत् � �.२६� �
त्रिभिन्नपूर्व� कुरलाहतं तु प्रचक्षत� स्थयरहस्यविज्ञाः �
तौ प्लावितोल्लासितक� वलिश्चेदेतत्त्रय� यत्र भवेद्विमिश्रम् � �.२६� �
तं प्लावितोल्लासितमाहुर्वलि� तु संगीतकलाप्रवीणा� �
वलिस्तथा हुम्पितमुद्रित� चेत्येभिस्त्रिभिर्यस्त� भवेत्तदेतत� � �.२६� �
वल्यादिम� हुम्पितमुद्रित� तं प्रचक्षत� गीतकलाप्रवीणा� �
वलिस्तथान्दोलितनामित� � यस्मिन्निम� तु त्रितय� मिलन्त� � �.२६� �
तं नामितान्दोलितपूर्वमाहुर्वलिं तु संगीतकलाधुरीणा� �
वलिस्तथा नमितकम्पित� चेत्येतत्त्रयं यत्र मिलेत्तमेतम् � �.२७� �
आहुर्वलि� नामितकम्पितान्तमार्यास्तथा दत्तिलकोहलाद्याः � (सङ्गीतसुध�)

sthaye prayuktastirupastathaiva cāndolitastaddvayamiśraṇena |
kramoditoktadvayanāmadheya� sthayo bhavedādya ihāvadheya� ||
3.260 ||
īԲ� ܰǰٲ� khalu kampitaśca sthayastu yastaddvayamiśraṇāt syāt |
līnādima� kampitamīrayanti dvitīyameta� khalu miśrabhedam ||
3.261 ||
ya� kampitaścāpi tathāhataśca sthayo'pi yastaddvayamelanena |
tamāhata� kampitapūrvamāhu� ٳ󲹲ⲹ� tṛtīya� khalu miśrabhedam ||
3.262 ||
purodito yastirupastathaiva ya� pratyapādi ܰٲ� ܰ |
tannāmadheyadvayato yathoktakramodita� turyamima� vadanti ||
3.263 ||
yasmiṃstu īԲܰٲutathā ya� ٳ󲹲ⲹ� tu līnasphuritākhyamāhu� |
yasminmiletā� ܰ󲹳ٲu dvau ṣaṣṭha� tamāhu� sphuritāhatākhyam ||
3.264 ||
triyogajātān kalaye'tha miśrān sthayān punargāyakabodhaheto� |
ādyantayoryatra vibhāti līno yanmadhyamastiṣṭhati kampitaśca ||
3.265 ||
Գٲ� puna� sthayavidastameta� līnādima� kampitalīnamāhu� |
yatra tribhinna� kurala� prokta� syādāhataścātra vimiśrametat ||
3.266 ||
tribhinnapūrva� kuralāhata� tu pracakṣate sthayarahasyavijñā� |
tau plāvitollāsitakau valiścedetattraya� yatra bhavedvimiśram ||
3.267 ||
ta� plāvitollāsitamāhurvali� tu saṃgītakalāpravīṇāḥ |
valistathā humpitamudritau cetyebhistribhiryastu bhavettadetat ||
3.268 ||
valyādima� humpitamudrita� ta� pracakṣate gītakalāpravīṇāḥ |
valistathāndolitanāmitau ca yasminnime tu tritaye milanti ||
3.269 |
ta� nāmitāndolitapūrvamāhurvali� tu saṃgītakalādhurīṇāḥ |
valistathā namitakampitau cetyetattraya� yatra milettametam ||
3.270 ||
āhurvali� nāmitakampitāntamāryāstathā dattilakohalādyā� |

�(ṅgīٲܻ, p. 271) 

The above extract from the work ṅgīٲܻ deals with the subject of ٳⲹ. R. K. Shringy explains that the term ٳⲹ is a melodic pattern constituted by the fundamental and few other such notes. He points out Prem Lata Sharma’s conclusion that ٳⲹ comprises of an analysis of the elements of ñᲹ첹 (delightfulness) in music and delineation of and that it includes gamakas and all other features of rendition along with a time measure[1]

There are three classes of ٳⲹs viz.

  1. prasiddha-ٳⲹs,
  2. aprasiddha-ٳⲹs and
  3. miśra-ٳⲹs

It is in the context of these miśra ٳⲹs that Govinda īṣiٲ cites the name of Kohala along with Dattila.

Ѿś-ٳⲹs are fundamentally a combination of ٳⲹs (or gamakas). Here, the author lists out the names of the different the miśraٳⲹ created out of the combination of two, three, four etc. ٳⲹs

The miśra ٳⲹs formed out of the combination of two ٳⲹs (dvi-yogaja) are�

  1. پԻDZٲ
  2. īԲ첹辱ٲ
  3. 첹辱󲹳ٲ
  4. tiripasphurita
  5. īԲܰٲ and
  6. ܰ󲹳ٲ

Those formed out of the combination of three ٳⲹs (tri-yogaja) are�

  1. īԲ첹辱ٲlīna
  2. ٰ󾱲ԲԲܰ󲹳ٲ
  3. 屹ٴDZٲī
  4. valihumphitamudrita,
  5. 峾ԻDZٲī, and
  6. 峾ٲ첹辱ٲ

It is at this point that Govinda īṣiٲ mentions that Kohala and Dattila have spoken thus. This is followed by caturyogaja and other varieties of miśra-ٳⲹs. The concept of ٳⲹ is seen in ṣaṇaԳٳ󲹲 mainly from the time of ṅgīٲٲ첹. Govinda īṣiٲ appears to have paraphrased most of the concepts mentioned in ṅgīٲٲ첹. But strangely, he does not acknowledge Śṅg𱹲 in many places in his work. Instead he has cited authors like Kohala, Dattila, ṣṭ첹 who were all much earlier to Śṅg𱹲 and many times in subjects that are quite unrelated to their times and works. He does this, perhaps to add authority to his work.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

ṅgīٲٲ첹 of Śṅg𱹲: 1996: Footnote: p.175

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