Gamaka, G膩maka, Gama-ka: 21 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
In Jainism
1. Jain philosophy
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Kannada
6. Nepali
See also

Introduction:

Gamaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Gamak.

In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

: archive.org: Northern Indian Music Volume I

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�, 鈥済race鈥�).鈥擥races (gamakas) are the ornaments of notes, according to the 17th century Sangitadarpana (commentary 2-4). When, in singing, a note rises from its own pitch and moves towards another so that something of the expression of the second sound passes like a shadow over it, this is called a grace (gamaka). (Sa峁単墨tasamayas膩ra 1.47) Gamakas, also called鈥榬oaming about鈥� (肠补谤补峁嘺), are said to be of twenty-one kinds. (Sa峁単墨tamakaranda 2.17) All the ways in which notes can be attacked, ornamented or resolved, are known under the general name of gamaka.

The grace that pleases the mind of the hearer is a gamaka. These are of fifteen different kinds, called tiripa (flurry), sphurita (throb), kampita (shake), 濒墨苍补 (melting away), 腻苍诲辞濒颈迟补 (swing), vali (ripple), tribhinna (threefold), kurula (curl), 腻丑补迟补 (struck), 耻濒濒腻蝉颈迟补 (laughing), plavita (overflow), gumphita (tied), mudrita (sealed), 苍腻尘颈迟补 (obeisance), 尘颈艣谤颈迟补 (mixed). See Sa峁単墨taratn膩kara 2.3.87-89

: WikiPedia: Natyashastra

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�, 鈥渙rnamented note鈥�) refers to ornamentation that is used in the performance of Indian classical music. Gamakas involve the variation of pitch of a note, using heavy forceful oscillations between adjacent and distant notes. Each raga (melodic tone) has specific rules on the types of gamakas that might be applied to specific notes, and the types that may not.

: Vrindavan Today: Govinda-lilamrita: Rasa-lila musicology

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥擳he sensational art of making a melody pulsate (svarasya kampa岣�) is called gamaka. 鈥淎 gamaka is any graceful turn, curve or cornering touch given to a single note or a group of notes, which adds emphasis to each 谤腻驳补鈥檚 individuality鈥�. According to 厂补峁単墨迟补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺, there are fifteen different gamaka styles which are called: tiripa, sphurita, kampita, n墨la, 腻苍诲辞濒颈迟补, bali, tribhinna, kuvala, 腻丑补迟补, unnamita, plavita, hankrita, mudrita, namita and 尘颈艣谤颈迟补. Other Indian music texts give other numbers of gamakas.

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Gitashastra (science of music)

: Wisdom Library: Sa峁単墨ta艣iroma峁噄

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�, 鈥渆mbellishments鈥�) refers to an essential element of the 蝉迟丑腻测补蝉 (technical phrases) of a 谤腻驳补 (melodic mode) in Indian classical music (驳腻苍诲丑补谤惫补), according to the Sa峁単墨ta艣iroma峁噄 14.83-94. Accordingly, 鈥減erforming a note with a vibrato (prakampana) which has a very pleasing effect on the listener is what people call gamaka鈥�.

There are fifteen aspects of gamaka (鈥榚mbellishment鈥� or 鈥榦rnamentation鈥�) defined:

vali (wrinkle),
腻苍诲辞濒颈迟补 (swung),
濒墨苍补 (pressed),
kampita (shaken),
sphurita (trembling),
tiripa (stressing),
tribhinna (divided into three),
kurula (curl),
耻濒濒腻蝉颈迟补 (jumping),
腻丑补迟补 (struck),
丑耻峁僷丑颈迟补 (humming),
plavita (prolonged),
mudrita (closed),
苍腻尘颈迟补 (bent),
尘颈艣谤颈迟补 (mixed),

context information

Gitashastra (啶椸啶むざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 驳墨迟补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥擟apable of conveying the sense; intelligible; the word is often used in grammatical works; cf. 啶膏ぞ啶啶曕啶粪い啷嵿さ啷囙お啶� 啶椸ぎ啶曕い啷嵿さ啶距い啷嵿じ啶ぞ啶膏 (s膩pek峁tvepi gamakatv膩tsam膩sa岣�); cf. also 啶呧さ啶多啶 啶曕じ啷嵿く啶距啶苦え啷嵿え啶炧啶�-啶ぞ啶膏じ啷嵿く啶呧じ啶ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏ぎ啶距じ啶膏啶� 啶椸ぎ啶曕じ啷嵿く啶膏ぞ啶о啶む啶掂 啶掂啷嵿い啶掂啶ぎ啷� 啷� 啶呧じ啷傕ぐ啷嵿く啶ざ啷嵿く啶距え啶� 啶啶栢ぞ啶ㄠた (ava艣ya峁� kasy膩cinna帽sa-m膩sasya asamarthasam膩sasya gamakasya s膩dhutva峁� vaktavyam | as奴ryapa艣y膩ni mukh膩ni) M. Bh. on II. 1. 1.

context information

Vyakarana (啶掂啶ぞ啶曕ぐ啶�, vy膩kara峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

In Jainism

Jain philosophy

: archive.org: Anekanta Jaya Pataka of Haribhadra Suri

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋ndicative鈥�, as occurring in the 础苍别办腻苍迟补箩补测补辫补迟腻办腻-辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺, a 艢ve迟腻mbara Jain philosophical work written by Haribhadra S奴ri.鈥擺Cf. Vol. I, P. 173, l. 14]鈥斺€楪amaka鈥� a homonym, here means indicative. The word in this sense is used in M膩lat墨m膩dhava (I, 7).

context information

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

g膩maka : (m.) small village.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

G膩maka, 1. =g膩ma Vin.I, 208; J.I, 199 (Macala掳), 253; IV, 431 (cora掳); PvA.67 (I峁弓hak膩vat墨 and D墨ghar膩j墨); DhA.II, 25 (dv膩ra掳).鈥�2. a villager J.V, 107 (=g膩mav膩sin).

: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary

1) gamaka (醼傖€欋€€) [(ti) (醼愥€�)]鈥�
摆驳补尘耻+峁噀+峁噕耻闭
摆醼傖赌欋赌�+醼忈赌�+醼忈赌结赌痌

2) gamaka (醼傖€欋€€) [(ti) (醼愥€�)]鈥�
摆驳补尘耻+峁噕耻闭
摆醼傖赌欋赌�+醼忈赌结赌痌

3) g膩maka (醼傖€€欋€€) [(ti) (醼愥€�)]鈥�
摆驳补尘耻+峁噕耻闭
摆醼傖赌欋赌�+醼忈赌结赌痌

4) g膩maka (醼傖€€欋€€) [(pu,na) (醼曖€亰醼�)]鈥�
摆驳腻尘补+办补闭
摆醼傖赌赌�+醼赌闭

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav膩da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥攏 (S Causing to go.) A proof, an evidence, an argument for: also support, sanction, authority, warrant, grounds for assurance or admission. 2 A deep expectorated tone in singing. Singers speak of three tones, 膩l膩pha, j艒ra, gamaka.

--- OR ---

gamak膩 (啶椸ぎ啶曕ぞ).鈥攎 P Airs, affectation, strutting, swelling, swaggering.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥�n A proof, an evidence; support, sanction, authority. A deep ex- pectorated tone in singing.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥�a. (-尘颈办腻 f.) [啶椸ぎ啷�-啶｀啶掂啶侧 (驳补尘-峁噕耻濒)]

1) Indicative or suggestive, a proof or index of; 啶むう啷囙さ啶椸ぎ啶曕 啶ぞ啶｀啶∴た啶む啶さ啷堗う- 啶椸啶о啶く啷嬥 (tadeva gamaka峁� p膩峁囜笉ityavaida- gdhyayo岣�) M膩lat墨m膩dhava (Bombay) 1.7.

2) Convincing.

-办补岣� A kind of musical note (of which there are seven cf. svarotth膩na- prak膩rastu gamaka岣� parik墨rtita岣� | sa kampi迟腻dibhedena sm峁泃a岣� saptavidho budhai岣� || sth膩napr膩pty膩 dadh膩na峁� praka峁璱tagamak膩峁� mandra迟腻ravyavasth膩m 狈腻驳.1.12).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�).鈥擺adjective] convincing, conclusive; showing, betraying (鈥斅�). Abstr. 迟腻 [feminine], tva [neuter]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�):鈥擺from gam] mfn. causing to understand, making clear or intelligible, explanatory, leading to clearness or conviction (e.g. hetu, 鈥榓 convincing reason鈥�), [Sarvadar艣ana-sa峁僩raha i, 35]

2) [v.s. ...] indicative of ([genitive case]), [M膩lat墨m膩dhava i, 7]

3) [v.s. ...] n. (in music) a deep natural tone, [Pur膩峁嘺-sarvasva]

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Gamaga.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�) [Also spelled gamak]:鈥�(nf) fragrance; a kind of musical ornamentation; the sound of a drum.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Gamaka (嗖椸伯嗖�):鈥擺adjective] impressing upon the mind; making clear or intelligible; convincing.

--- OR ---

Gamaka (嗖椸伯嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] that which helps understanding the meaning (of something) clearly.

2) [noun] a way or method in which something is done, happens or must be done or must happen.

3) [noun] the quality of being worthy of esteem or honour; dignified manner, style, etc.; elegance.

4) [noun] the condition of being enthusiastic or thrilled.

5) [noun] a reciting of poetry melodiously, using musical modes suitable to the sentiments of the situation in the poetry, and depicting the meaning lucidly.

6) [noun] the act or process of giving moral or religious advice; a counselling.

7) [noun] the advice so given; counsel.

8) [noun] one who preaches or advices.

9) [noun] (gram.) a kind of compound of words in which the former word is a number, pronoun, adjective or noun formed from a verb.

10) [noun] the enhancing of the beauty of a musical note by moving or oscillating it around its natural position in a regulated manner.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�):鈥攏. Mus. 1. deep tone or sound of a vina or drum; 2. a deep natural tone;

2) Gamaka (啶椸ぎ啶�):鈥攏. fragrance; aroma;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

Search found 21 books and stories containing Gamaka, G膩maka, Gamak膩, Gamakas, Gamu-ne-nvu, Gamu-峁噀-峁噕u, Gamu-nvu, Gamu-峁噕u, Gamu-nvu, Gamu-峁噕u, Gama-ka, G膩ma-ka; (plurals include: Gamakas, G膩makas, Gamak膩s, Gamakases, nvus, 峁噕us, kas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Part 2 - Arthapatti or postulation as a source of Knowledge < [Chapter 20 - Other sources of Knowledge]

show preview

Reviews < [January 1957]

Reason in Carnatic Music < [April 1949]

+ 6 more chapters / show preview

Ancient stringed instruments鈥擳he Yazh < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]

Texts on Music < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]

Chapter 5 - Conclusion

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Part 9 - Inference < [Chapter IX - M墨m膩峁僺膩 Philosophy]

show preview

Kohala and G墨迟腻 (10): The concept of Sth膩ya < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]