Mahavrata, 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补, Maha-vrata: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Mahavrata means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�).鈥擳he performance of this vow leads one to the world of Gaur墨.*
- * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 101. 53.
The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: 艢aivism惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) is the Sanskrit name of a deity presiding over Mahendra, one of the sixty-eight places hosting a 蝉惫腻测补尘产丑耻惫补濒颈峁単补, which is one of the most sacred of 濒颈峁単补蝉 according to the 艢补颈惫腻驳补尘补蝉. The list of sixty-eight 蝉惫腻测补尘产丑耻惫补濒颈峁単补s and presiding deities (e.g., 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补) is found in the commentary on the 闯颈谤峁噊诲诲丑腻谤补-诲补艣补办补 by Nigamaj帽腻nadeva. The word 濒颈峁単补 refers to a symbol used in the worship of 艢iva and is used thoughout 艢aiva literature, such as the sacred 膧gamas.
: academia.edu: K腻p腻likas惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�, 鈥済reat observance鈥�), also called 办补辫腻濒补惫谤补迟补 or 鈥渙bservance of the skull鈥�, 濒辞办腻迟墨迟补惫谤补迟补 or 鈥渙bservance going beyond the world鈥�, and 尘补丑腻辫腻艣耻辫补迟补惫谤补迟补 or 鈥済reat P腻艣upata observance鈥�. The L腻kulas were the first 艢aiva sect to practice the 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补, which required a full assimilation to Bhairava.
Te practice of the 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补 was preceded by L腻kula initiation, after which the initiate was also required to understand and meditate on the cosmic hierarchy of 11 levels. These levels include and build on those taught by the P腻艣upatas, and they are later extended upward and some-what changed by agamic 艢aivas.
: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions1) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) refers to the 鈥済reat observance鈥�, as mentioned in the Malhar or Junwani copper plate inscription (647CE, see Bakker 2000 and 2015; Sanderson 2012).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸鈥 reaching the present Kali age, the venerable Lord Lakul墨艣a took up an incarnation and was born in the family of a Brahmin called Soma艣arman. He was initiated into the Great Observance (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补) by him (?) [and became] the Moon of the World. Then by him, Musal墨艣a [was initiated], then, by the unbroken tradition starting with Soma, the local Master Rudrasoma, his disciple Tejasoma, whose pupil is the venerable Bh墨masoma [鈥鈥�.
Note: Lakul墨艣a and others were most probably initiated into the 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟别) and not with/by the 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟别na), for this observance is not known to be used as a rite of initiation in any 艢aiva system. By the beginning of the seventh century, the 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补 certainly referred to the ritualized mimesis of 艢iva鈥檚 expiation for cutting off Brahm腻鈥檚 fifth head. [...] The K腻p腻lika Satyasoma in the Mattavil腻saprahasana (600鈥�625CE) mentions that it was thanks to the practice of the 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补 that his Lord bearing the crescent moon on his head was purified of his sin, which he had committed by cutting Brahm腻鈥檚 head. The verse clearly identifies 艢iva鈥檚 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补 as the expiation rite for a Brahmin slayer, and also shows that K腻p腻likas were practising the 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补 in imitation of 艢iva.
2) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) refers to the 鈥済reat observance鈥�, according to the Guhyas奴tra chapter 3.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] If one torments the body with rain, cold and heat, 鈥�, devoted to recitation and meditation, this is called the Great Observance (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补). A woman skilled in the pleasures of love-making, endowed with beauty and youth; such a woman one should procure, holding one鈥檚 senses back from the objects of the senses, and one should kiss and embrace [her], placing the penis upon her sex while remaining focussed upon recitation and meditation鈥攐ne performs [thus] the Sword-Blade Observance. If one should succumb to the control of desire, then one certainly falls into hell. [...]鈥�.
Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Kavya (poetry)
: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of Sriharsa惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) refers to a Vedic rite (which involves amorous relations between a religious student and a whore), and is mentioned in the Nai峁dha-carita 17.203.鈥擳he 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 takes place at the winter solstice at the end of the Gav腻mayana sacrifice which lasted for a year. The sacrificers were required to observe the vow of chastity throughout this period, and the 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 is supposed to restore the power to return to the householder鈥檚 life. For this purpose a whore and a Brahmac腻rin of Magadha are brought together on the sacrificial altar. See Taittir墨yasa峁僪i迟腻 (膧nand腻艣rama ed.) 7.5.9.
This and a further custom of the same type associated with the 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 are regarded as calculated 鈥渢o promote human fruitfulness鈥�; and the 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 itself, in which Agni and the Sun are formally worshipped by the sacrificer, is believed to be 鈥渁n attempt to stimulate the sun at the winter solstice both by worship and by magic鈥�.
Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂啶�, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajra岣嵞錵a尘补丑腻tantrar腻ja (II)1) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) or Agnimukha is the name of a K峁trap腻la (field-protector) and together with Jv腻l腻mkukh墨 Dev墨 [or Mah腻lak峁墨] they preside over Kollagiri: one of the twenty-four sacred districts mentioned in the 9th century Vajra岣嵞錵atantra (chapter 18). Their weapon is the 办丑补岣峠补 and their abode is the nimba-tree [or top of the mountain]. A similar system appears in the tradition of Hindu Tantrims, i.e., in the Kubjik腻matatantra (chapter 22), which belongs to the 艢腻kta sect or 艢aivism.
2) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) is also mentioned as the K峁trap腻la (field-protector) who, together with P奴tan腻 Dev墨 they preside over 膧mraka. Their weapon is the 濒腻峁単补濒补 and gaya and their abode is the 诲腻谤耻-tree.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 7: The Five Vows惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) refers to 鈥渕ajor vows鈥� and represents one of the two types of vows (vrata) according to the 2nd-century Tattv腻rthas奴tra 7.2.鈥擶hat is meant by major vows (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补)? Total abstinence from the five sins for ever is called major vows. How many types of major vows are there? There are five types of major vows namely non-violence (ahi峁僺腻尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补), speaking the truth (satya尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补), non stealing (acaurya尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补), celibacy (brahmacarya尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补) and non-possession (aparigrah尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补).
: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) refers to the 鈥�(five) great vows鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淕ood conduct is said by one who is honourable [to be like a tree] whose roots are the five great vows (pa帽ca-尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补-m奴la), whose foliage is the [mendicant] rule of life which is faultless in a high degree, bent with the weight of the fruit of restraint [of body, mind and speech]鈥�.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
: Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts, volume 3, part 1: Saduktikarnamrita惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) is the name of a Poet mentioned in the 13th century Saduktikar峁嚹錷rita by 艢r墨dhara D腻sa (son of Va峁璾 D腻sa) who was a chief over several districts (called a 尘补丑腻尘补峁囜笉补濒颈办补).鈥擳he Sadukti-Karnamrita is a collection of miscellaneous verses by different authors and on various subjects, five verses being devoted to each subject. There are 446 poets identified (for example, 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补) some of which in the feminine gender (intended for females) while others are of Buddhist monks etc.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�).鈥�a. very devotional, rigidly observing vows. (-tam) 1 a great vow, a great religious observance; a vow for not taking even water for a month; 啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶む 啶氞ぐ啷囙う啷嵿く啶膏啶む (尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补峁� caredyastu) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 12.35.22 (com. 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补峁� m腻sam腻tra峁� jalasy腻pi ty腻ga岣�).
2) any great or fundamental duty; 啶啶班ぞ啶｀啶班お啶� 啶灌た啶むぞ 啶掂啶む啶むた啶班う啷嵿ぐ啷嬥す啷� 啶掂啶ぞ啶溹さ啶班啶溹え啶 啷� 啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ啶� 啶啶班た啶ぞ啶оぞ啶ㄠぎ啷囙い啶ㄠ啶啶む啶班啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶むぎ啷� (pr腻峁嘺irapi hi迟腻 v峁泃tiradroho vy腻javarjanam | 腻tman墨va priy腻dh腻nametanmaitr墨尘补丑腻惫谤补迟补m) Mv.5.59; 啶曕啶班い啷� 啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶む 啶ざ啷嵿く啶ㄠ 啶啶班す啷嵿ぎ啶氞ぞ啶班- 啶む啶掂ぐ啷�啶班い啶 (kratau 尘补丑腻惫谤补迟别 pa艣yan brahmac腻r墨- tvar墨ratam) N.17.23.
惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms 尘补丑腻 and vrata (啶掂啶班い).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�).鈥攁dj., f. 迟腻, one who has undergone great austerities,
惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms 尘补丑腻 and vrata (啶掂啶班い).
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�).鈥�1. [neuter] great vow.
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惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�).鈥�2. [adjective] having undertaken a great vow.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum1) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥攑oet. [S奴ktikar峁嚹錷峁泃a by 艢r墨dharad腻sa]
2) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�):鈥斉況. As p. 142.
: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�):鈥擺=尘补丑腻-vrata] [from 尘补丑腻 > mah] n. a gr掳 duty, fundamental duty (5 in number [according to] to the Jaina system), [Hemacandra鈥檚 Yoga-艣腻stra; Yoga-s奴tra]
2) [v.s. ...] a gr掳 vow, [S腻hitya-darpa峁嘺]
3) [v.s. ...] a gr掳 religious observance, [R腻m腻ya峁嘺; Pur腻峁嘺]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a S腻man or Stotra appointed to be sung on the last day but one of the Gav腻m-ayana (applied also to the day itself or its ceremonies or [according to] to [commentator or commentary] to the 艢astra following the Stotra), [Atharva-veda; Br腻hma峁嘺; Taittir墨ya-sa峁僪i迟腻] etc.
5) [v.s. ...] the relig掳 usages of the P腻艣upatas, [Prabodha-candrodaya [Scholiast or Commentator]; Horace H. Wilson]
6) [v.s. ...] mf(腻)n. one who has undertaken solemn religious duties or vows, performing a gr掳 vow, [Mah腻bh腻rata; R腻m腻ya峁嘺] etc.
7) [v.s. ...] observing the rule of the P腻艣upatas
8) [v.s. ...] also used to explain mahi-vrata (q.v.), [Nirukta, by Y腻ska; S腻ya峁嘺]
9) [v.s. ...] m. a P腻艣upata, [Kath腻sarits腻gara]
10) [v.s. ...] Name of a poet, [Catalogue(s)]
11) 惭补丑腻惫谤腻迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶距い):鈥擺=尘补丑腻-vr腻ta] [from 尘补丑腻 > mah] (尘补丑腻-) mfn. accompanied by a gr掳 host (of Maruts; said of Indra), [峁歡-veda]
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Nepali dictionary
: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补 (啶す啶距さ啷嵿ぐ啶�):鈥攏. a great vow; a great religious observance;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: The, The, Vrata, Maha, Te, Mahavrata.
Starts with: Mahavratabhashya, Mahavratadhara, Mahavratagama, Mahavratahautra, Mahavratahautraprayoga, Mahavrataikaha, Mahavratapaddhati, Mahavrataprayoga, Mahavrataprayoganukrama, Mahavratavant, Mahavratavat, Mahavrataveshabhrit.
Full-text (+51): Mahavratahautra, Mahavrataprayoga, Mahavrataprayoganukrama, Mahavratapaddhati, Mahavratadhara, Mahavratabhashya, Mahavratavat, Samahavrata, Mahavratiya, Mahavrati, Vrata, Mahavratika, Mahavrataveshabhrit, Mahavratagama, Mahavratavant, Pancamahavrata, Sarvajinmahavrataprayoga, Dvadashahamahavrataprayoga, Somasharman, Mahavrath.
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Search found 78 books and stories containing Mahavrata, 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补, Maha-vrata, Mah腻-vrata, 惭补丑腻惫谤腻迟补, Mah腻-vr腻ta, The mahavrata; (plurals include: Mahavratas, 惭补丑腻惫谤补迟补s, vratas, 惭补丑腻惫谤腻迟补s, vr腻tas, The mahavratas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Atithi or Guest Reception (study) (by Sarika. P.)
Part 3 - Atithi-sapary腻 in 膧ra峁噛akas < [Chapter 2 - 膧tithye峁ａ弓i]
Chapter 12 - Observations and Conclusions
Panchavimsha Brahmana (English translation) (by W. Caland)
Chapter 22 - Ahinas rites (concluded)
Chapter 5 - The 鈥済avam ayana鈥� (The mahavrata, continued)
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
The Religion and Philosophy of Tevaram (Thevaram) (by M. A. Dorai Rangaswamy)
The various sects of Shaivism < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Chapter 3.8 - Brahma-shirascheda-murti (cutting off Brahma鈥檚 head) < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Symbology of khatvanga in the Mahavrata < [Volume 2 - Nampi Arurar and Mythology]
Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja) (by George Thibaut)
Sutra 3.3.25 < [Third Adhyaya, Third Pada]
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