Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of Nauclea latifolia.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant properties of nauclea latifolia root smith. (rubiaceae)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Chigozie Celestina Ezeagha, Onumsinachukwu Consolata Orji, Jacinta Ogechukwu Ogbuebuna, Amara Nwanyioma Anozie and Chinenye Henrietta Nedum
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant properties of nauclea latifolia root smith. (rubiaceae)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr202312-28958
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study explores the phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the root of Nauclea latifolia, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic applications in managing various ailments, especially in traditional medicine. With approximately 80% of the global population relying on traditional medicinal practices largely derived from plants, this research highlights the significance of identifying antioxidants from natural sources. The study leverages the findings to propose the integration of N. latifolia into conventional therapeutic approaches due to its bioactive compounds.
Phytochemical Analysis
The research involved a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of Nauclea latifolia root and its subsequent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous). The analysis indicated the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and saponins across the different fractions. In contrast, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids were selectively absent in some fractions. These results underscore the diverse chemical composition of the plant, suggesting its potential as a rich source of bioactive compounds relevant to medicinal applications.
Antioxidant Properties
Utilizing the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the antioxidant properties of the methanol extract and its fractions were assessed. The study revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most remarkable percentage inhibition of DPPH free radicals at 83.17% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, closely followed by ascorbic acid, which served as the reference standard. The methanol crude extract and other fractions showed varying degrees of antioxidant activity, confirming the roots' capability as a natural source of antioxidants crucial for combating oxidative stress.
Methodology
The methodology employed in this research encompassed sample collection, extraction, fractionation, preliminary phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity assessment using stringent laboratory protocols. Fresh roots were air-dried, pulverized, and subjected to cold maceration using methanol for extraction. The extracts were subsequently fractionated into four distinct solvents, and the antioxidant activity was quantified through absorbance measurements at 520 nm. This systematic approach ensured the reliability and reproducibility of the results obtained.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the promising antioxidant properties of Nauclea latifolia root, particularly in ethyl acetate fraction, which holds significant potential for future pharmaceutical applications. The presence of diverse phytochemicals confirms the plant’s medicinal value, meriting further investigation into its therapeutic potential as a natural antioxidant. The integration of such traditional plants into modern healthcare practices is encouraged as a viable strategy for disease management and health promotion.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of Nauclea latifolia in medicine?
Nauclea latifolia is a medicinal plant known for treating various ailments such as malaria, hypertension, and stomach disorders, making it a valuable resource in traditional medicine, particularly in East and West Africa.
What method was used for extracting phytochemicals from the roots?
The researchers used cold maceration in methanol, followed by fractionation into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions to obtain the phytochemicals from Nauclea latifolia roots.
How was the antioxidant activity assessed in this study?
Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, measuring the absorbance at 520 nm and calculating percentage inhibition to determine effectiveness against free radicals.
What were the main findings regarding phytochemicals present?
The study found various phytochemicals in the methanol extract, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols, while specific fractions showed differing phytochemical profiles, highlighting the plant's potential as a natural antioxidant.
Which fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity?
The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with 83.17% inhibition at the highest concentration tested, demonstrating its potential as a source of natural antioxidants compared to other fractions.
Did the authors declare any conflicts of interest?
No, the authors declared that there is no conflict of interest in the study, ensuring the credibility and integrity of their research findings.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of Nauclea latifolia.�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that can have beneficial effects on health. They include a wide range of substances, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and more. Research into phytochemicals focuses on their roles in preventing diseases and promoting overall health.
2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a specific category of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits. They can improve health by protecting cells from oxidative damage and are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages, forming an important part of the diet.
3) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. It integrates various disciplines, including pharmacology, ethics, and public health. Traditional and modern medicines often rely on natural sources, such as medicinal plants, for the development of effective treatments and therapies.
4) Activity:
Activity in a scientific context refers to the effectiveness or potency of a substance in producing a desired effect, such as biological or pharmacological responses. In studies on medicinal plants, activity often relates to their ability to exert antioxidant or therapeutic effects, which are crucial in evaluating their potential uses.
5) Table:
Table serves as a systematic arrangement of data or information, often used to present results in a clear manner. In scientific literature, tables summarize experimental findings like extraction yields, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities, making it easier for researchers to compare and interpret results.
6) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of herbal medicine and pharmacognosy, science plays a vital role in validating traditional uses of plants through rigorous research and clinical trials.
7) Disease:
Diseases, which are often plural of disease, encompass various health issues that can range from infections to chronic conditions. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of diseases is essential for developing effective treatments, and traditional and modern medicines often draw from plant-based sources to address these issues.
8) Drug:
Drugs are chemical substances used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. They can be derived from natural sources like plants or synthesized chemically. Understanding the role of plant-derived drugs is crucial in developing alternative therapies and enriching pharmacopoeias with effective treatments.
9) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely ground form of a substance, often used in the preparation of herbal medicines or supplements. In medicinal research, herbal powders can serve as a basis for extraction, allowing for the assessment of active ingredients and their potential health benefits.
10) Study (Studying):
Study refers to a detailed investigation and analysis of a subject or phenomenon, particularly in a scientific context. In pharmacology and medicinal research, studies evaluate the properties and effects of substances, leading to insights into their therapeutic potential and applications.
11) Discussion:
Discussion is a section of a research article where authors interpret results and implications of their findings. It contextualizes research within the existing body of knowledge, allowing for critical analysis of the study's outcomes, relevance, and potential future research directions.
12) Substance:
Substance refers to a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In scientific research, specific substances are analyzed for their biological activities and medicinal applications. This encompasses both natural compounds from plants and synthetic molecules created for therapeutic purposes.
13) Container:
Container is an object used to hold or store substances. In laboratory settings, a container may refer to glassware or other vessels used to store plant material, extracts, or chemicals during research processes, crucial for maintaining the integrity of samples.
14) Cancer:
Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Research into cancer prevention and treatment often explores natural compounds, including phytochemicals from plants, that may offer protective effects and contribute to therapeutic strategies.
15) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma refers to an author cited in the article, likely related to the methodology or findings regarding antioxidant activity in herbal research. Noting specific researchers is important for academic referencing and for situating findings within a broader scientific context.
16) Cotton:
Cotton in the context of the article likely refers to cotton wool, a soft material used in laboratories for filtration or containment of samples. It serves practical purposes in handling delicate materials or in procedures involving extraction.
17) Ulcer:
Ulcer is an open sore or lesion that can develop in certain tissues of the body, commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues. The presence of phytochemicals in medicinal plants could play a role in treating or alleviating symptoms associated with ulcers.
18) Amara:
Amara likely refers to one of the contributing authors of the study, associated with the research on Nauclea latifolia. Acknowledging the contributions of individual researchers is essential for accountability and recognition within the academic community.
19) Glass:
Glass is a widely used material in laboratory settings due to its ideal properties for holding chemical reagents, conducting reactions, and ensuring accurate measurements. Its non-reactive nature makes it suitable for a range of experiments involving phytochemical research.
20) Water:
Water is a solvent commonly used in laboratory extractions and experiments, crucial for preparing solutions and dilutions. In the context of this study, water would also be used in the extraction and fractionation processes of plant materials.
21) Wool:
Wool, particularly referring to cotton wool in lab environments, is used for various purposes, including filtration, absorption of liquids, or creating swabs. Its versatility makes it a practical material in handling and manipulating biological samples in research.
22) Food:
Food refers to any substance consumed for nutritional support, and it plays a vital role in health maintenance. Understanding the nutritional value of plant-based foods and their phytochemical content contributes to dietary recommendations for disease prevention.
23) Road:
Road, in this context, likely signifies the location from which the research materials were sourced or discusses the path of traditional medicine in utilizing local flora. The geographical aspect can provide insights into the biodiversity and cultural significance of medicinal plants.
24) Hand:
Hand may refer to manual methods employed during the research process, such as the extraction of plant materials or the preparation of samples. Hands-on techniques are fundamental in pharmacognostic studies, ensuring accurate and controlled handling of substances.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of Nauclea latifolia.�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Flavonoid, Phytochemical, Traditional medicine, Therapeutic Management, Antioxidant activity, Antioxidant properties, Phytochemical analysis, Analytical grade, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Tannin, Bioactive compound, Free Radical, Saponin, Alkaloid, Ethyl acetate fraction, Crude extract, Phenol, N-hexane fraction, Plant source, Cold maceration, Aqueous fraction, Glycoside, Department of Pharmaceutical Science.