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A review on traditional uses and thereputic indications of anethum sowa

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on traditional uses and thereputic indications of anethum sowa
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Manisha Kumari Kharadi, Dr. Vipin Kumar Yadav, Dr. Ashwini Kumar Sharma and Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: A review on traditional uses and thereputic indications of anethum sowa

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20199-15222

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Anethum sowa, commonly referred to as Indian Dill or Shatapuspa, is an annual flowering plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. This herb is indigenous to the eastern Mediterranean region and western Asia. It has been recognized for its medicinal properties, being utilized for a variety of health issues. The seeds of Anethum sowa are particularly valued for their diuretic, carminative, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties, among others. The significance of this herb extends to traditional practices, where it has been documented to alleviate various ailments related to digestion, hormonal balance, and respiratory issues.

Therapeutic Characteristics of Anethum Sowa

Anethum sowa is primarily noted for its diverse therapeutic properties. It exhibits diuretic effects, aiding in the promotion of urine production and providing relief from urinary complaints. Additionally, it functions as a carminative, helping to alleviate gas and bloating within the digestive system. It also carries antibacterial and antiseptic qualities, making it beneficial for various infections and promoting overall health. Furthermore, properties such as antispasmodic and galactogogue are particularly important, as they assist in managing menstrual discomfort and enhancing milk production in lactating mothers, respectively.

Pharmacological Actions and Benefits

Pharmacologically, Anethum sowa encompasses a range of benefits attributed to its rich chemical composition. Major constituents include apiol, carvone, and limonene, which contribute to its action as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant agent. These properties make Anethum sowa a valuable herb in managing symptoms associated with conditions like high blood pressure and insomnia. Its use is also beneficial in treating digestive disorders, such as constipation and flatulence, making it a significant component of traditional remedies.

Cultivation and Usage

Successful cultivation of Anethum sowa requires warm summers with ample sunshine, and it thrives best in rich, well-drained soil. It is primarily utilized in its powdered form, with recommended dosages ranging from 1-3 grams, or as an oil where only 1-3 drops are suggested. While generally considered safe, some contraindications exist, particularly during pregnancy, due to potential allergic reactions and gastrointestinal disturbances. Thus, practitioners of traditional medicine advise caution when using this herb without proper guidance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Anethum sowa is a remarkable herb with significant therapeutic properties and traditional applications in medicine. Its diverse pharmacological actions, including its diuretic, carminative, and anti-inflammatory effects, reinforce the importance of this plant in health and wellness practices. However, further systematic research is necessary to fully uncover the potential benefits and enhance the understanding of its medicinal qualities, solidifying its role within the context of traditional herbal medicine. Its historical relevance and functional capabilities make it an important subject of study in the preservation and advancement of herbal therapy.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the traditional use of Anethum Sowa?

Anethum Sowa, or Indian Dill, is traditionally used for its diuretic, carminative, antibacterial, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties, aiding in various health issues such as digestive disorders, respiratory problems, and menstrual regulation.

What chemical constituents are found in Anethum Sowa?

Anethum Sowa contains significant compounds like apiol, carvone, and limonene, along with various fatty oils, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, contributing to its therapeutic properties.

What are the major health benefits of Anethum Sowa?

It is beneficial for digestive health, menstrual disorders, respiratory issues, and assists in lactation. It can also help lower blood pressure and alleviate insomnia.

What are the contraindications of using Anethum Sowa?

Anethum Sowa is not recommended during pregnancy. It may cause allergic reactions, oral pruritus, throat swelling, urticaria, vomiting, or diarrhea in some individuals.

Which parts of Anethum Sowa are considered useful?

The fruit (seeds) of Anethum Sowa are primarily used for medicinal purposes, while its leaves also aid in treating various ailments.

How should Anethum Sowa be cultivated for best results?

Anethum Sowa requires warm, sunny conditions and well-drained, nutrient-rich soil for optimal growth, as partial shade can reduce yield significantly.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review on traditional uses and thereputic indications of anethum sowa�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to traditional texts that classify and describe medicinal plants and their properties in Ayurvedic medicine. They serve as important references for understanding the herbal pharmacopoeia, providing essential knowledge on the identification, usage, and therapeutic indications of various herbs utilized in Ayurvedic practices.

2) Varga:
In the context of Ayurveda, Varga denotes a classification or group of herbal plants. Each Varga may represent plants with similar properties or that serve a particular purpose in traditional medicine. This categorization is fundamental for practitioners to identify herbal treatments effectively based on therapeutic values.

3) Katu:
Katu translates to 'pungent' or 'bitter' in Sanskrit. It is one of the six tastes recognized in Ayurveda, influencing digestion and overall health. Katu rasa is known to stimulate appetite, enhance digestion, and help balance bodily doshas, particularly beneficial for alleviating Kapha.

4) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna means 'hot' in Sanskrit and describes a quality of certain substances, including herbs and foods. In Ayurveda, Ushna is considered vital for balancing cold conditions in the body, often used to treat issues like colds, congestion, or digestive weaknesses.

5) Table:
In the provided text, tables are used to present concise summaries of data regarding classifications, therapeutic uses, and chemical constituents of Anethum sowa. They facilitate quick reference and comparison, making complex information more accessible for readers and researchers in the field of herbal medicine.

6) Blood:
Blood plays a critical role in Ayurveda, where its quality and balance are linked to overall health. Various herbs, including Anethum sowa, are recognized for their effects on blood, such as lowering blood pressure or aiding in blood purification, which are essential components in traditional healing.

7) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa, meaning 'taste' or 'flavor', is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda. It influences the therapeutic effects a substance may have on the body, guiding practitioners in creating medicinal formulas and dietary plans tailored to individual needs based on the taste profile of the ingredients used.

8) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term antibacterial indicates the ability of a substance to inhibit bacterial growth. In the context of Anethum sowa, its antibacterial properties make it valuable for treating infections and preserving general hygiene in Ayurvedic medicine, highlighting its role in promoting health through natural remedies.

9) Katutikta (Katu-tikta):
Katu-tikta denotes a combination of pungent (Katu) and bitter (Tikta) tastes. This classification has specific implications for digestion and metabolism in Ayurvedic practices. It signifies substances helpful for promoting appetite, enhancing digestion, and aiding detoxification, thus contributing to overall wellness.

10) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna refers to a sharp or penetrating quality of a substance. In Ayurvedic terms, Tikshna denotes properties that stimulate digestion and enhance metabolic activities. Herbs with this quality can be particularly beneficial for breaking down stagnation in the body and promoting efficient processing of nutrients.

11) Family:
In the botanical context, 'Family' refers to the taxonomic rank that groups related plants together based on shared characteristics. Anethum sowa belongs to the Apiaceae family, which includes various herbs known for their culinary and medicinal applications, underscoring the interconnectedness of plant species.

12) Powder:
In herbal medicine, the term powder often refers to the powdered form of herbs for easier consumption and effective dosage. For Anethum sowa, powdered seeds or leaves can be utilized in remedies, contributing to their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in treating various health issues.

13) Indian:
The term 'Indian' pertains to the geographic and cultural context associated with Anethum sowa. Known as Indian dill, it holds significance in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) for its numerous therapeutic benefits and culinary uses, showcasing the rich heritage of herbal knowledge in the region.

14) Tikta:
Tikta means 'bitter' in Ayurveda and represents one of the six fundamental tastes. Foods and herbs with Tikta taste are known for their detoxifying and bittersweet elements, often used to balance doshas, improve digestion, and purify the blood, enhancing overall well-being.

15) Virya:
Virya refers to the inherent potency or strength of a substance. In Ayurvedic philosophy, understanding the Virya of Anethum sowa helps practitioners assess its effects (such as heating or cooling) on the body, guiding their use for specific health conditions and individual patient needs.

16) Guna:
Guna, meaning 'quality' or 'attribute', is a crucial concept in Ayurveda that describes the inherent characteristics of substances. The Guna of Anethum sowa includes properties such as lightness or sharpness, influencing its effect on different bodily systems and guiding practitioners in treatment plans.

17) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is the Ayurvedic field dedicated to the study of medicinal properties and actions of drugs. It encompasses understanding the qualitative aspects (Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka) that characterize herbal substances, enabling practitioners to create effective formulations tailored to individual health needs.

18) Prabhava:
Prabhava refers to the specific impact or unique effect of a substance that is not necessarily attributable to its basic properties. Understanding Prabhava assists Ayurvedic practitioners in selecting and utilizing herbs like Anethum sowa effectively in treatments for diverse ailments.

19) Activity:
Activity in this context pertains to the various pharmacological properties exhibited by Anethum sowa, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and diuretic effects. These activities are essential for practitioners to understand for the effective application of herbal remedies in treating specific health conditions.

20) Species:
Species is a basic unit of biological classification. Anethum sowa is recognized as a distinct species within the wider family of Apiaceae. Understanding its unique characteristics compared to other species aids in accurately identifying and utilizing it in traditional medicine.

21) Vipaka:
Vipaka is the post-digestive effect of a substance. In Ayurvedic medicine, it informs practitioners about how foods and herbs will affect the body after digestion, helping them make informed decisions regarding treatment plans and dietary recommendations for optimal health.

22) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three fundamental doshas in Ayurvedic theory, characterized by qualities such as heaviness and moisture. Understanding Kapha’s influence is critical for practitioners aiming to maintain bodily balance and health through diet and therapeutic interventions focusing on alleviating Kapha-related conditions.

23) Karma (Karman):
Karmas refer to the actions or therapeutic effects of an herb in Ayurveda. Understanding the Karmas of Anethum sowa helps practitioners utilize the plant appropriately to achieve desired health outcomes, reflecting the plant's holistic application in medicine.

24) Laghu:
Laghu denotes a quality of lightness in Ayurvedic medicine. Substances considered Laghu are often easier to digest and promote a sense of lightness in the body. This characteristic is essential in formulating diets and herbal remedies addressing heavy or sluggish conditions in patients.

25) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas characterized by qualities of lightness, dryness, and mobility. Managing Vata is crucial in Ayurveda as an imbalance can lead to various health issues. Understanding its properties aids practitioners in creating holistic treatment plans for patients.

26) Soya:
Soya denotes the common name for Anethum sowa in Hindi. This term reflects the cultural and linguistic significance of the plant in India, where it is utilized both in culinary applications and traditional medicine, linking local knowledge to its pharmacological uses.

27) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to a high abundance or concentration of certain nutrients or qualities. In the context of Anethum sowa, it points to its significant content of chemical constituents with medicinal properties, which enhance its value as a therapeutic herb in traditional medicine.

28) Milk:
Milk is referenced in connection with Anethum sowa for its galactagogue properties, which enhance breast milk production in lactating mothers. This relationship highlights the importance of certain herbs in supporting maternal health and addressing unique physiological needs during lactation.

29) Drug:
Drugs in the context of herbal medicine refer to active components derived from plants that have therapeutic effects. Understanding Anethum sowa as a source of natural drugs emphasizes the significance of preserving traditional medicine for holistic healthcare practices.

30) Soil:
Soil is essential for the cultivation of plants like Anethum sowa, determining their growth and biochemical properties. Rich, well-drained soil enhances the plant's nutritional profile and medicinal efficacy, emphasizing the significance of environmental factors in herbal medicine.

31) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of how drugs interact with biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological properties of Anethum sowa enables researchers and practitioners to identify its therapeutic actions, leading to evidence-based applications in managing health conditions.

32) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of plant compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These components in Anethum sowa contribute to its therapeutic potential, showcasing the importance of bioactive compounds in promoting health and preventing disease through natural remedies.

33) Samhita:
Samhita refers to collections of ancient texts that compile various aspects of Ayurvedic medicine, including herbs, treatments, and philosophies. Knowledge from Samhita texts is foundational for practitioners, providing guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and the application of herbal therapeutics.

34) Vijnana:
Vijnana translates to 'knowledge' or 'science', particularly concerning understanding the application of Ayurvedic principles. Vijnana encompasses the study of medicinal properties, ensuring that practitioners are well-informed about herbal uses and the significance of therapeutic practices in traditional healing.

35) Vrishya (Vrsya):
Vrishya refers to aphrodisiac properties in Ayurveda. Substances categorized as Vrishya are valued for enhancing reproductive health and function. Understanding these properties aids practitioners in prescribing herbs like Anethum sowa to support fertility and libido in patients.

36) Udaipur (Udaypur):
Udaipur, a city in India, is mentioned as the location associated with the study of Anethum sowa, reflecting the local knowledge, cultivation practices, and ethnobotanical relevance in Ayurveda. The geographical context provides insights into plant usage across different regions.

37) Disease:
Disease refers to any deviation from normal physiological function. Understanding how Anethum sowa can treat various diseases highlights its therapeutic significance in Ayurveda. Knowledge of diseases helps practitioners select appropriate herbal treatments tailored to patients' health conditions.

38) Mineral:
Minerals are vital nutrients for both plant growth and human health. Their presence in Anethum sowa contributes to its nutritional value and therapeutic efficacy, emphasizing the need to consider mineral content in the cultivation and application of medicinal herbs.

39) Kumari:
Kumari is a common suffix indicating 'young woman' in Sanskrit. In this context, it refers to Dr. Manisha Kumari Kharadi, one of the authors of the research on Anethum sowa. This highlights the contributions of women in the field of Ayurvedic research and education.

40) Chatra:
Chatra refers to the umbrella-shaped inflorescences characteristic of Apiaceae family plants, including Anethum sowa. Understanding such botanical features is essential for accurate identification and classification, which aids in the recognition and application of various herbs in traditional medicine.

41) Summer:
Summer represents the flowering and fruiting season for Anethum sowa, indicating the optimal time for harvesting and utilizing the plant's beneficial properties. This seasonal context emphasizes the importance of timing in natural medicine's efficacy.

42) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities linked to heat and transformation. Balancing Pitta is crucial for health, and understanding how Anethum sowa interacts with this dosha aids practitioners in developing effective treatment strategies for patients.

43) Ghosha (Ghosa):
Ghosa is one of the vernacular names for Anethum sowa, reflecting the diversity of local terminology for plants. Recognizing these names enhances cultural understanding and supports the use of traditional knowledge in herbal medicine practices across different regions.

44) Kumar:
Kumar, meaning 'prince' or 'young man', is a common surname in India. In this context, it refers to Dr. Vipin Kumar Yadav, another author of the study. This reflects the collaborative efforts of professionals in advancing Ayurvedic medicine and research.

45) Sugar:
The reference to sugar in the context of Anethum sowa relates to its medicinal uses for regulating blood sugar levels. This highlights the plant's benefit in managing diabetes and overall metabolic health, demonstrating its significance in contemporary health challenges.

46) Beta:
Beta, often relating to compounds or metabolites present in plants, refers to the presence of beta-sitosterol in Anethum sowa. This compound contributes to the plant's medicinal properties, showcasing the importance of phytochemicals in herbal remedies for maintaining health.

47) Mishi (Misi):
Misi refers to one of the names found in Ayurvedic texts for Anethum sowa. This diverse nomenclature underscores the cultural significance of the plant across different regions and traditions, illuminating the intertwined nature of local usage and herbal knowledge.

48) Pain:
Pain is a symptom often addressed in Ayurvedic medicine using herbal remedies like Anethum sowa. The plant's analgesic properties provide natural support in managing pain conditions, showcasing the relevance of traditional knowledge in contemporary healthcare approaches.

49) Tikshnavirya (Tiksnavirya, Tikshna-virya):
Tikshna-virya indicates a substance's sharp or penetrating potency in Ayurveda. The understanding of Tikshna-virya helps practitioners in selecting herbs like Anethum sowa that can effectively address conditions requiring stimulating or invigorating properties for promoting health.

50) Shatapushpa (Satapuspa, Shata-pushpa):
Shatapushpa is another name for Anethum sowa in Sanskrit, meaning 'hundred flowers' due to its inflorescence. This name highlights the plant's botanical characteristics and is essential in recognizing its significance and applications in Ayurveda.

51) Vajrapushpa (Vajrapuspa, Vajra-pushpa):
Vajrapushpa refers to another name associated with Anethum sowa, emphasizing its floral arrangement and cultural significance. Such local terminologies are important for preserving traditional knowledge and connecting modern practitioners with ancient herbal practices.

52) Raktagulma (Rakta-gulma):
Rakta-gulma refers to conditions related to blood disorders in Ayurveda. Anethum sowa’s properties may aid in remedying such issues, showcasing the plant’s relevance in holistic treatments that target specific ailments affecting blood health.

53) Bhuripushpa (Bhuripuspa, Bhuri-pushpa):
Bhuripushpa is another term associated with Anethum sowa, reflecting its flowering characteristics and usage in Ayurveda. This nomenclature emphasizes the importance of local names in connecting cultural practices with the botanical features of medicinal herbs.

54) Bastikarman (Bastikarma, Basti-karman, Basti-karma):
Basti-karma refers to a therapeutic enema treatment in Ayurveda used for balancing doshas and detoxifying the body. Understanding this context highlights how Anethum sowa can potentially play a role if incorporated into comprehensive treatment plans involving systemic cleansing.

55) Arrangement:
Arrangement in this context likely refers to the structural organization of the plant on both a botanical and pharmacological level. Understanding how components are arranged aids researchers in recognizing the potential interactions of Anethum sowa’s active constituents for therapeutic applications.

56) Avakpushpi (Avakpuspi, Avak-pushpi):
Avakpushpi is another name associated with Anethum sowa, reflecting the cultural significance and traditional uses of the plant. Understanding such names helps bridge the gap between local practices and modern herbal applications, preserving knowledge across generations.

57) Netraroga (Netra-roga):
Netra-roga refers to eye-related disorders in Ayurveda. Understanding Anethum sowa’s potential benefits for eye health is significant, showcasing how traditional plants are recognized for addressing a wide range of health issues beyond their common uses.

58) Gandharika:
Gandharika is a name associated with Anethum sowa, possibly linked to its aromatic properties or applications in forming herbal formulations. Such names enhance the cultural and scientific understanding of plant characteristics beneficial for health.

59) Dhanvamtri (Dhanvantri):
Dhanvantri is the deity of Ayurveda, symbolizing healing and medicine. Citing this term underscores the spiritual and cultural dimensions of Ayurvedic practices, reflecting reverence for the holistic approach of combining remedial knowledge with spiritual beliefs.

60) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world, including the investigation of medicinal compounds like those found in Anethum sowa. Integrating scientific approaches with traditional herbal knowledge serves to validate practices and enhance therapeutic outcomes in medicine.

61) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India known for its diverse flora and traditional herbal knowledge. Its mention in the context of Anethum sowa highlights regional practices in cultivation and usage, enriching the broader understanding of herbal medicinal systems.

62) Ahichatra:
Ahichatra is another vernacular name for Anethum sowa, enriching the diverse nomenclature associated with the plant. This highlights the importance of local terminology in supporting the documentation and preservation of herbal knowledge across various cultural landscapes.

63) Pushpahva (Puspahva):
Pushpahva refers to the flowering nature of Anethum sowa, emphasizing its botanical characteristics. This term underlines the connection between the plant's physical attributes and its traditional medicinal uses, illustrating the value of flower arrangement in plant identification.

64) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding of medicinal plants, their usage, and effects. In Ayurveda, knowledge of plants like Anethum sowa is vital for practitioners to create effective treatment plans and harness the full potential of herbal remedies in patient care.

65) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine originating from India, emphasizing balance among body, mind, and spirit. It incorporates the properties of plants like Anethum sowa, promoting holistic healing through prevention, treatment, and the integration of lifestyle practices in maintaining health.

66) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a common symptom that Ayurvedic practitioners address with herbal remedies. Anethum sowa can help alleviate nausea and promote digestion, showcasing its therapeutic significance in treating gastrointestinal disturbances within the scope of traditional health practices.

67) Swelling:
Swelling signifies inflammation or accumulation of fluid in tissues, often addressed in Ayurvedic treatments. Herbs like Anethum sowa may play a role in reducing inflammation, revealing its importance in managing painful conditions associated with swelling in the body.

68) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language of India where many Ayurvedic texts are written. Understanding terms in Sanskrit is essential for practitioners to accurately interpret the meanings of herbal properties, medicinal actions, and traditional practices inherent in Ayurvedic literature.

69) Madhura:
Madhura means 'sweet' in Sanskrit, referring to one of the six tastes in Ayurveda. This taste is significant for balancing doshas and is relevant in creating formulations containing Anethum sowa that address specific health concerns while maintaining overall dietary harmony.

70) Trishna (Trsna):
Trishna refers to thirst or dryness, commonly treated with herbal remedies. Anethum sowa may be used to alleviate symptoms of Trishna by promoting hydration and digestion, underscoring its role in traditional medicine for managing hydration-related issues.

71) Magadhi:
Magadhi is a regional dialect or term referring to local knowledge. Its mention highlights the connection between language, culture, and the understanding of herbal medicine like Anethum sowa, enriching the practice through community-based knowledge and traditions.

72) Gujarat:
Gujarat, a state in India, is known for its rich vegetation and traditional practices surrounding herbal medicine. The reference to this region in relation to Anethum sowa highlights the geographical diversity that contributes to the cultivation and application of this herb.

73) Chandra:
Chandra, meaning 'moon' in Sanskrit, is a common surname in India. In this context, it refers to Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra, another author associated with the study of Anethum sowa, reflecting collaboration in advancing knowledge and research in Ayurveda.

74) Shaleya (Saleya):
Shaleya is a term likely associated with Anethum sowa in local dialects, highlighting its vernacular significance. Such contextual names enhance the understanding and cultural distribution of the plant, connecting traditional usage with botanical characteristics.

75) Bengali:
Bengali indicates the regional language and cultural context in which Anethum sowa is recognized. This reflects the plant's broad utilization across different linguistic communities in India, showcasing the importance of cultural diversity in herbal medicine.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 111]

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Cultural significance, Disease treatment, Medicinal use, Pharmacological activities, Traditional use, Nighantu reference, Scientific classification, Therapeutic indication, Nutritional component, Chemical constituent, Pharmacological significance.

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