Pattern of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pattern of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives
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Dr. Priya Mohan B. N and Dr. Basavaraj Bhandare
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Pattern of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus are two prevalent chronic conditions often coexisting, especially in older adults. The incidence of hypertension is approximately twice as high in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to those without the condition. With diabetes affecting a significant portion of the population in India鈥攅stimated to rise from 62 million currently to 79.4 million by 2030鈥攖he understanding of treatment patterns becomes increasingly important. This study focuses on analyzing the patterns of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives in a tertiary care hospital, specifically comparing these patterns with the Joint National Committee's (JNC) 8 guidelines.
Antihypertensive Usage Patterns
The analysis included 150 cases of patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and results showed a higher prevalence of hypertension in males (64.67%) than in females and in individuals aged 55-70 years (68%). Among the 150 prescriptions, 38.67% of patients were treated with single antihypertensive drugs (monotherapy), while 61.33% received drug combinations (polytherapy). In monotherapy, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), particularly Telmisartan, were the most commonly prescribed. The study highlights that combination therapies are prevalent, supporting JNC 8 recommendations that endorse the use of multiple antihypertensive agents.
Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Among the various antihypertensives, the study demonstrated that ARBs, specifically Telmisartan, were frequently prescribed because of their beneficial effects not only on blood pressure but also on glucose metabolism in patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome. Beneficial pharmacological properties, such as specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism, add to the robustness of this treatment option. Telmisartan's capability to improve metabolic profiles makes it a valuable choice in managing hypertensive diabetic patients, reinforced by its compatibility with current evidence-based guidelines.
Findings on Combination Therapy
The most common combination therapy regimen observed in this study consisted of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ARBs (63.04%). This combination aligns well with the JNC 8 guidelines, indicating a favorable approach to managing hypertension in diabetic patients. The study also found that when three drugs were used in uncontrolled cases, combinations typically included CCBs, ARBs, and thiazide diuretics. The findings emphasize the advantages of using polytherapy in achieving better blood pressure control and reducing the risk of vascular complications associated with diabetes.
Conclusion
The study concludes that the use of antihypertensive polytherapy, particularly combinations of CCBs and ARBs, aligns with the JNC 8 guidelines for managing hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes. While this study provided valuable insights into current prescription patterns, it underscores the necessity for further investigation to confirm the long-term effectiveness of the recent JNC 8 recommendations in achieving desired blood pressure targets in this patient demographic. Limitations include the study being restricted to outpatient data, which may not fully reflect treatment practices across broader populations.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the aim of the study on antihypertensive therapy?
The study aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, comparing it to the recent JNC 8 guidelines for better treatment outcomes.
What demographics were included in the study population?
The study included 150 patients aged 40-70 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and coexisting hypertension, with a predominance of males (approximately 64.67%).
What were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications?
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) like Telmisartan and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) like Amlodipine were commonly prescribed, both as monotherapy and in combination therapies.
What combination therapies were frequently used for hypertension?
The most common combination therapy involved CCBs and ARBs, accounting for 63.04% of combination prescriptions, in alignment with JNC 8 recommendations.
How prevalent was the use of antihypertensive polytherapy in patients?
In this study, antihypertensive polytherapy was more prevalent at 61.33%, indicating a trend towards utilizing combination therapy for better management of hypertension in diabetic patients.
What other medications were commonly prescribed alongside antihypertensives?
Commonly co-prescribed medications included antidiabetic agents like Metformin, statins, antiplatelets, and other supportive therapies aimed at managing complications associated with diabetes and hypertension.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淧attern of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'drug' refers to substances used for medical treatment to prevent, diagnose, or cure diseases. In the context of the study, antihypertensive drugs are evaluated for their effectiveness in managing blood pressure, particularly among diabetic patients, highlighting the significance of proper medication in chronic disease management.
2) Study (Studying):
A 'study' is a systematic investigation designed to provide insights or answer specific research questions. In this context, the study analyzes the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive therapies among diabetic hypertensives, aiming to contribute to evidence-based practices in clinical settings and enhance understanding of treatment efficacy.
3) Disease:
'Disease' represents a pathological condition impacting bodily functions. In the study, diabetes and hypertension are highlighted as common comorbidities that complicate patient health, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies to mitigate associated complications and improve patient outcomes in chronic disease management.
4) Table:
A 'table' serves as a structured format for presenting data in a clear and concise manner. In the study, tables summarize demographic information, drug usage patterns, and treatment characteristics, making it easier for readers to grasp complex data and facilitating comparisons and analyses of the findings.
5) Blood:
'Blood' refers to the bodily fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system, essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to tissues. The study focuses on managing blood pressure in diabetic patients, as hypertension significantly elevates the risk of cardiovascular complications, indicating the critical need for effective blood pressure control.
6) Channel:
In the study, 'channel' specifically refers to 'calcium channel blockers' (CCBs), a class of antihypertensive medications. CCBs help relax and widen blood vessels by blocking calcium entry, thereby reducing blood pressure. Their role in managing hypertension in diabetic patients showcases the importance of targeted drug mechanisms.
7) Male:
'Male' indicates gender, and in the study, it identifies a demographic characteristic observed in the patient population. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is discussed with a noted male predominance, indicating potential needs for gender-specific approaches in treatment and management strategies in chronic conditions.
8) Medicine:
'Medicine' encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing and treating illnesses. In the context of this study, it refers to the broader field addressing hypertension and diabetes, underscoring the necessity for evidence-based medicine to improve patient care and treatment outcomes in chronic diseases.
9) Pharmacology:
'Pharmacology' is the branch of medicine that focuses on drug action and interaction. Within the study, pharmacological principles are essential for understanding how antihypertensives work, assessing drug efficacy, safety, and optimal combinations to ensure effective management of hypertension in patients with diabetes.
10) Karnataka:
'Karnataka' is a state in India where the study was conducted. It contextualizes the research, indicating regional health challenges and patient demographics, and emphasizes the need for localized healthcare solutions and studies that address specific public health concerns within the area.
11) Priya:
'Priya' refers to the primary author, Dr. Priya Mohan B.N., whose expertise contributes to the study's credibility. Identifying contributors highlights the importance of professional involvement in research, which can lead to improved understanding and advancements in managing complex health issues like hypertension and diabetes.
12) India:
'India' is the country where the study takes place, reflecting the significant public health issue of diabetes and hypertension. With a rising prevalence of these diseases, the study is crucial in informing healthcare policies and practices tailored to the Indian population's needs and health challenges.
13) Beta:
'Beta' generally refers to 'beta blockers,' a class of medications used to manage cardiovascular conditions. Though not emphasized in the results, their association with hypertension treatment highlights the diversity of antihypertensive drugs and the importance of various mechanisms addressing blood pressure control.
14) Post:
'Post' in this context refers to the 'Post Graduate' designation of one of the authors, denoting the level of education and expertise. It emphasizes the importance of advanced medical training in conducting research and contributes to the study's depth, affecting the investigation of treatment patterns.
15) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' relates to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. In this research, understanding pharmacological properties is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness, action, and potential side effects of antihypertensive medications, ensuring safe and effective patient management in chronic conditions.
16) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section of the study where results are interpreted and contextualized within existing literature. This part is vital for understanding the implications of findings, their relevance to clinical practice, and suggesting areas for future research and improvement in treatment protocols.
17) Observing:
'Observing' refers to the act of monitoring or studying specific phenomena. In the study, it denotes the process of analyzing antihypertensive prescribing patterns among diabetic patients, which is essential for identifying trends, assessing adherence to guidelines, and enhancing overall treatment strategies.
18) Epidemic:
'Epidemic' describes a sudden increase in disease prevalence. In the context of the study, diabetes is highlighted as an epidemic in India, stressing the urgent need for effective management strategies and public health interventions to mitigate its impact on the population's health.
19) Activity:
'Activity' often refers to drug action or therapeutic effectiveness in a clinical context. In this study, it may pertain to the therapeutic activities of antihypertensive medications, emphasizing the importance of understanding how different drugs interact to influence health outcomes and manage conditions effectively.
20) Pooja:
'Pooja' refers to another author in the study, suggesting collaborative research efforts. The mention of various contributors stresses the significance of teamwork in medical research and the potential for diverse insights in understanding complex health issues related to diabetes and hypertension.
21) Death:
'Death' signifies the ultimate outcome of unresolved health conditions and complications. The study underscores the increased mortality associated with diabetes and hypertension, highlighting the critical importance of effective disease management to prevent life-threatening complications and improve patient survival rates.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: 鈥�Pattern of antihypertensive therapy among diabetic hypertensives鈥�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Evidence-based medicine, Informed consent, Age-group, Antioxidant properties, Outpatient department, Gender distribution, Antihypertensive effect, Socioeconomic factors, Combination therapy, Type 2 diabetes, Macrovascular complications, Microvascular complications, Global prevalence of diabetes, Prospective observational study, Clinical outcome, Monotherapy, Blood pressure control, Cardiovascular complications, Calcium channel blocker, Antihypertensive therapy, Beta blocker, Treatment of hypertension, Angiotensin receptor blocker, Cardioprotective effect, Major risk factor, Type 2 diabetic.