Paneeya Kshara for Managing Mutrashmari: A Critical Review
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Oral Administration of Paneeya Kshara (Alkaline Preparations) and its Role in the Management of Mutrashmari (Renal Calculi)- A Critical Appraisal
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Bhopinder Singh
PhD Scholar, Department of PG Studies in Shalya Tantra, Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Gujarat, India Assistant Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, Smt. Urmila Devi Ayurvedic College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Punjab, India
Rajiv Dole
Professor and HOD, Department of PhD Studies in Shalakya Tantra, Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Gujarat, India
Yogitha Bali M. R
Professor and HOD, Department of Shareera Rachana, Sushrutha Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Oral Administration of Paneeya Kshara (Alkaline Preparations) and its Role in the Management of Mutrashmari (Renal Calculi)- A Critical Appraisal
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i2.927
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are crystalline mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause significant health issues, including pain and recurrent infections. With a global prevalence of approximately 15% and a marked tendency for recurrence, managing nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis, remains a significant clinical challenge. In Ayurvedic medicine, kidney stones correlate with the condition known as Mutrashmari, characterized as a disorder of the Mutravaha srotas (urinary tract). Among various Ayurvedic treatments, the oral administration of Paneeya Kshara, which consists of alkaline substances, is highlighted as a potential management strategy.
Role of Paneeya Kshara
Paneeya Kshara, an alkaline preparation highlighted in Ayurveda, is utilized for the management of Mutrashmari. Acharya Sushrutha, a key figure in Ayurvedic medicine, has emphasized the efficacy of this formulation in treating kidney stones. Various studies exploring different types of Paneeya Kshara have shown promising results in alleviating symptoms associated with kidney stones and reducing their size. For instance, a study on Yavakshara revealed significant symptomatic relief in patients within four weeks of treatment, demonstrating the potential of this formulation in addressing urolithiasis effectively. Moreover, formulations like Anandyogakshara and Kalyanakshara also demonstrated positive outcomes, with patients reporting reduced pain and size of stones after treatment.
Multimodal Ayurvedic Approach
In addition to the use of Paneeya Kshara, Ayurvedic treatments for kidney stones encompass a broader multimodal approach. Acharya Sushrutha advocated for a combination of dietary changes, fluid intake, and other medicinal therapies to not only treat but also prevent the recurrence of stones. The alkaline nature of Kshara is particularly effective in neutralizing acidic urine, aiding in the dissolution of the stones while promoting urine flow, thus facilitating the expulsion of calculi from the urinary tract. Various studies have corroborated these practices, revealing that hydration and dietary adjustments significantly influence the recurrence rates of kidney stones, complementing the interventions based on Paneeya Kshara.
Conclusion
The management of renal calculi or urolithiasis is a complex endeavor impacted by various factors, including dietary habits and underlying health conditions. Ayurvedic strategies, particularly the use of Paneeya Kshara, have shown notable efficacy in treating this condition and reducing symptoms, according to various clinical investigations. The synthesis of traditional knowledge with contemporary findings provides a strong foundation for further research into the application of Ayurvedic treatments for managing kidney stones and reducing recurrence rates. This multifaceted approach enhances the understanding of Mutrashmari in Ayurvedic medicine and offers hope for effective resolutions in the management of renal calculi.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are renal calculi and how do they form?
Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, are crystalline mineral deposits that form when urine becomes supersaturated with minerals. This results in crystal formation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys, leading to urolithiasis.
How is Mutrashmari correlated with renal calculi in Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, renal stones or urolithiasis are correlated to Mutrashmari, which is categorized as a disease of the Mutravaha srotas (urinary tract). Various Ayurvedic treatments, including Paneeya kshara, are employed to manage this condition.
What role does Paneeya kshara play in managing kidney stones?
Paneeya kshara is an oral medication made from alkaline substances, used in the management of Mutrashmari. It has properties that help in reducing symptoms, managing stone sizes, and promoting better urinary tract health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Paneeya Kshara for Managing Mutrashmari: A Critical Review�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kshara (Ksara):
In Ayurveda, Kshara refers to alkaline preparations used therapeutically. It possesses unique properties like Chedana (excision), Bhedana (incision), and Lekhana (scraping), making it effective in treating conditions like Mutrashmari or renal calculi. Kshara can be administered orally or applied locally for different therapeutic effects.
2) Disease:
In the context of Ayurveda, disease refers to an imbalance in the body's doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Mutrashmari, or renal calculi in modern terms, is treated as a disease affecting the urinary tract, which Ayurveda aims to treat holistically using various methods including Kshara preparations.
3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that emphasizes a holistic approach to health, seeking to balance the body's doshas. It includes treatments like herbal medicines, dietary changes, and procedures. This study explores Ayurvedic methods for managing renal calculi, especially through the use of Kshara.
4) Pain:
Pain is a primary symptom of renal calculi or Mutrashmari in Ayurvedic terminology. Conditions like abdominal pain and radiating pain are common in patients with kidney stones, and treatments aim to alleviate this pain while addressing the underlying causes, often using Kshara preparations.
5) Lekhana:
Lekhana, meaning scraping, is one of the therapeutic actions of Kshara in Ayurveda. This property helps in the disintegration and removal of kidney stones by scraping them away from the urinary tract lining, thus aiding in the treatment of Mutrashmari.
6) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
7) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
Shalya-tantra is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with surgical techniques and treatments. It incorporates procedures like Ksharakarma and uses preparations such as Kshara for various conditions, including the management of Mutrashmari or renal calculi, showcasing Ayurveda's surgical expertise.
8) Mineral:
[see source text or glossary: Mineral]
9) Ropana:
Ropana refers to the healing property of Kshara in Ayurveda. Ropana aids in the repair of tissues affected by renal calculi, helping in the recovery process after the stones have been disintegrated and expelled from the body.
10) Shalya (Salya):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya]
11) Substance:
In Ayurvedic treatments for Mutrashmari, substances like Kshara are derived from alkaline plant extracts. These substances are utilized for their medicinal properties, including the ability to break down kidney stones and alleviate associated symptoms.
12) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana, meaning cleansing, is a property of Kshara. It helps in detoxifying and purifying the urinary tract while treating Mutrashmari. Shodhana facilitates the removal of toxins and impurities, aiding in stone disintegration and expulsion.
13) Chedana:
Chedana, meaning excision, is a therapeutic property of Kshara in Ayurveda. This property helps in cutting down the renal calculi into smaller fragments, making them easier to expel through the urinary tract, thus aiding in the treatment of Mutrashmari.
14) Bhedana:
Bhedana means incision and is another crucial property of Kshara. This property helps in breaking down the structure of kidney stones, facilitating their removal without surgical intervention, and is particularly useful in treating Mutrashmari in Ayurveda.
15) Bali:
[see source text or glossary: Bali]
16) Drug:
The term drug in this context refers to the Ayurvedic preparations used to treat Mutrashmari, including various types of Kshara. These drugs are formulated from plant extracts and other natural substances to break down kidney stones and alleviate symptoms.
17) Yavakshara (Yava-kshara, Yavaksara):
[see source text or glossary: Yava-kshara]
18) Mutrala:
Mutrala refers to the diuretic property of certain Ayurvedic preparations like Kshara. This property helps increase urine output, which can aid in flushing out renal calculi and preventing stone formation, thus playing a critical role in the treatment of Mutrashmari.
19) Gujarat:
[see source text or glossary: Gujarat]
20) Anupana:
Anupana refers to the vehicle or medium taken with a medicinal preparation in Ayurveda. For instance, lukewarm water is often used as an Anupana with Kshara preparations to enhance their effectiveness in treating Mutrashmari.
21) Nausea:
Nausea is a common symptom associated with renal calculi or Mutrashmari in Ayurveda. Treatments aim to not only alleviate kidney stones but also manage associated symptoms such as nausea, often using holistic approaches including dietary recommendations and herbal medications.
22) Marma:
In Ayurveda, Marma points are vital areas of the body. The urinary tract, involved in Mutrashmari, is connected to Marma points, making the treatment of kidney stones critical as it involves these vital points. Shalya-tantra pays special attention to these areas during treatment.
23) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna, meaning hot, is a property of certain Ayurvedic treatments for Mutrashmari. Ushna tiksna dravyapana, involving hot and sharp-characterized drugs, is recommended to manage kaphaj mutrashmari due to their stone-dissolving and digestive properties.
24) Guna:
[see source text or glossary: Guna]
25) Butea frondosa:
Butea frondosa is one of the herbal ingredients used in Anandyoga paneeya Kshara, a type of oral alkaline preparation in Ayurveda. This preparation is used for treating Mutrashmari or renal calculi by utilizing its medicinal properties.
26) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalakya-tantra]
27) Sesamum indicum:
Sesamum indicum, also known as sesame, is one of the ingredients used in Anandyoga paneeya Kshara, an Ayurvedic preparation for treating Mutrashmari. It contributes to the overall effectiveness of the formulation against kidney stones.
28) Ksharasutra (Ksarasutra, Kshara-sutra):
Ksharasutra is a thread impregnated with Kshara used in Ayurveda for surgical procedures. It is primarily used for treating conditions like fistula-in-ano but highlights the versatile use of Kshara in Ayurvedic surgical practices.
29) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
30) Krimighna (Krmighna, Krimi-ghna):
Krimighna, meaning anti-helminthic, is a property of Kshara preparations used in Ayurveda. This property helps in eliminating parasitic worms from the body and also plays a role in treating Mutrashmari by addressing any underlying infections.
31) Stambhana:
Stambhana refers to astringent properties in Ayurveda. While not directly discussed in the text, it is generally used to stop flow or secretion, which may be part of supportive therapies but not a primary treatment for Mutrashmari.
32) Splitting:
Splitting is synonymous with Bhedana in Ayurvedic terminology. It describes the property of breaking down kidney stones into smaller fragments, making it easier for the body to expel them. This is one of the functions of Kshara in treating Mutrashmari.
33) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the three fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Treatments, including those for Mutrashmari, aim to balance these doshas. Kshara preparations are considered effective because they balance vitiated tridoshas causing the disease.
34) Shoshana (Sosana):
Shoshana, meaning drying or absorption, is one of the therapeutic properties of Kshara in Ayurveda. Shoshana helps absorb and dry the excess moisture, which may aid in reducing hydronephrosis and other symptoms associated with renal calculi or Mutrashmari.
35) Tirupati (Thirupati, Tiruppati):
[see source text or glossary: Tirupati]
36) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a symptom that can accompany Mutrashmari or renal calculi. Ayurvedic treatments, including Kshara preparations, aim to alleviate both the pain of the stones and associated symptoms like vomiting through holistic and balanced approaches.
37) Shastra (Sastra):
[see source text or glossary: Shastra]
38) Kalpana:
[see source text or glossary: Kalpana]
39) Palasha (Palasa, Pala-asha):
Palasha kshara is a type of Ayurvedic preparation used for the treatment of renal calculi or Mutrashmari. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in expelling kidney stones, particularly ureteric calculi, showcasing its medicinal properties.
40) Ashmari (Asmari):
Ashmari in Ayurveda refers to urinary calculi or stones, similar to nephrolithiasis in modern medicine. Treatments like Kshara preparations are employed to disintegrate and expel these stones from the urinary tract, addressing both the condition and its symptoms.
41) Kalyana:
Kalyana kshara is a type of oral alkaline preparation used in Ayurveda for treating Mutrashmari or renal calculi. Clinical cases have shown that it can effectively reduce the size of stones and alleviate symptoms, helping in the holistic management of the condition.
42) Kadali:
Kadali paneeya kshara is a specific type of Kshara used in the treatment of Mutrashmari. It has shown effectiveness in clinical trials, alleviating symptoms like pain and burning micturition, and helping to reduce the size of the calculi.
43) Dahana:
Dahana means burning or cauterizing. In the context of Mutrashmari, it would relate to treatments aiming to 'burn' or break down the kidney stones through chemical means provided by Kshara preparations, which have caustic properties.
44) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or medicated ghee, is an Ayurvedic preparation used for various treatments. In managing Mutrashmari, it is administered for its properties of lubrication and healing, often complementing other therapies like Kshara for holistic care.
45) Mulaka:
Mulaka kshara is derived from radish and is used in the treatment of Mutrashmari or renal calculi. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in reducing the size of kidney stones and alleviating symptoms, making it a valuable Ayurvedic remedy.
46) Shukla (Sukla):
[see source text or glossary: Shukla]
47) Darana:
Darana is the property of piercing or penetrating in Ayurveda. This property of Kshara helps in the treatment of Mutrashmari by allowing the alkali preparations to penetrate and break down kidney stones, facilitating their expulsion.
48) Srotas (Shrotas):
[see source text or glossary: Srotas]
49) Punjab:
[see source text or glossary: Punjab]
50) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tiksna means sharp or penetrating. Tiksna dravyas (sharp substances) are recommended for breaking down the stones in Mutrashmari. These substances have strong, penetrating actions that help disintegrate the renal calculi, making them easier to pass.
51) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]
52) Indian:
[see source text or glossary: Indian]
53) Karma (Karman):
[see source text or glossary: Karma]
54) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or medicated oil, is used in various Ayurvedic treatments. In the context of Mutrashmari, medicated oils can be either consumed or applied to alleviate symptoms such as pain and to aid in the disintegration of kidney stones when used alongside Kshara.
55) Basti:
[see source text or glossary: Basti]
56) Krimi (Krmi):
Krimi refers to parasites or worms. Krimighna is the property that counteracts these organisms. While directly unrelated to Mutrashmari, the krimighna property of some Kshara preparations may help in overall detoxification and health restoration.
57) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
58) Yava:
[see source text or glossary: Yava]
59) Devi:
[see source text or glossary: Devi]
60) Musha (Musa, Musá):
[see source text or glossary: Musa]
61) Food:
In Ayurveda, dietary management is crucial for treating and preventing Mutrashmari. Proper food and fluid intake help in dissolving and flushing out kidney stones. Ayurvedic texts emphasize dietary changes as a complementary approach to medications like Kshara.
62) Diet:
Dietary changes are integral in Ayurveda for managing Mutrashmari. Increasing fluid intake and consuming foods that prevent stone formation are recommended. These lifestyle modifications are often used alongside Kshara preparations for holistic treatment.
63) Ghi (Ghee):
[see source text or glossary: Ghee]
64) Salt (Salty):
[see source text or glossary: Salt]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �Paneeya Kshara for Managing Mutrashmari: A Critical Review�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Shodhana, Kshara, Anupana, Ksharakarma, Diuretic properties, Dietary management, Alkaline preparation, Oral administration, Ayurvedic formulation, Clinical trial, Urolithiasis, Renal calculi, Mutrashmari, Nephrolithiasis, Medical management, Paneeya Kshara, Palasha Kshara, Risk factor, Acharya Sushrutha, Mulaka Kshara, Minimally invasive technique, Kalyana Kshara, Shock wave lithotripsy, Ureteric calculi.