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30. Maruta-mandana of Vanamalin and Its Date - Between A. D. 1575 and 1600* - The only MS of a work on Vedanta colled the Marutamandana by Vanamalin' recorded by Aufrecht 2 is "Bhr 718" which is identical with MS No. 718 of 1882-83 in the Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute, Poona. It consists of 63 folios, of which folio 1 is unfortunately missing since its acquisition. Folio 2 begins:- -hmadipadalaksanasya gangapadalaksyatirasya gangasvavadasatyatvabrahmatva-- The Ms ends as follows :- 66 bhukta syamakamustim viyadapradamayaddina bamdhurdvijateh dava bhutih para ssvadhrtakara iti ma dehi mam padmaya yah | draupadyah sakalesa tribhuvanamayusaghajvalam (?)duh prasadyah sthitvamtakaritadvai mama yaduvaro gramthatah priyatam sah || 1 || srigovinda viharabhusitabhuvo vrmdavanatpradisi krosanam trisuge pure sru (?) tibharadvajatvamaye dvijah | srisannahamuco vasamti vanamali tatkule (bhu )dvadhah gramtho marutamamdanosti paripurnastatkrtovighnatah || 2 || vinodayadikartaram bhartaram hi sriyah satam | bhavasamtapahamtaram vamde srihayakamdharam || 3 || bhagavatomdhikamjasya srigopalasya renavah | kriyasu vaibhavam vacamagharasesca sodhanam || 4 || samvat 1741 samastu subhamat || samuti phaguna vaddi vajuddami sa ramagatito hari | sriganesaya namah || || rama tata || " The above extract, though incorrect in many places, gives us the following particulars about the author and his work :- * Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXII, pp. 163-168. - - 1. CC I, 549 - " vanamalin candamaruta (CC I, 176 - Rice 142 and Govt. Ori. MS Library Madras, 26 " ) - marutamandana (CC I, 452, Bhr. 718). 2. CC I, 452 - "marutamandana, Vedanta, by Vanamalin, Bhr. 718." (224)

(1) In verse 1 of the extract the author bows to god yaduvara (krsna ). (2) In verse 2 it is stated that is the author of this work called marutamandana . He was born of a family of Brahmins of the Bharadvaja Gotra [ bharadvajatvama is evidently a misreading for bharadvajanvaya ( ye dvijah ) ]. This family lived at a place called trisugapura (?) situated to the east of vrndavana , ' adorned by the temple of govimda . ( 3 ) In verse 3 the author bows to god Ganesa ( hayakamdhara ). ( 4 ) In verse 4 he invokes the blessings of god gopala . (5) The date of the MS is Samvat 1741 = A. D. 1685 [ month of Phalguna, Vadya (Sukla) Paksa ]. I note below the references to authors and works etc. as they are found in the MS before me :- (1) anamdatirtha, 2 (2) narayanasamhita, 2 (3) brhatsamhita, 2 (4)' mahasamhita, 2 (5) narayanatamtra, 2 (6) brahmatamtra, 2 (7) purusottamatamtra, 2 (8) mayavaibhava, 2 (9) brahmavaivartta, 2 (10) brahmatarka, 2 (11) bhavisyat, 2 (12) bharatatatparyanirnaya, 2 (13) asmadacaryena, 3, 4 (11) gaudapadasamkaradeh, 3 (12) padmavacana, 3 (13) kaurme, 3 (14) " madhvanama yatirasau sacchastrani karisyati | (15) skamde, 3 nirasisyati pakhandan duhsastrani mahamatih || " ( Fol. 3 ) (16) samkarabhasye, 3 (17) ramanujabhasye, 3 (18) srikamthabhadhye, 3 (19) mahabharata, 4 (20) srimadhvacaryanam, 4 (21) brahme ( ksetrakamde vemkatamahatmye trtiyedhyaye ) (21) tatparyacamdrika, 4, 5 ( camdrikayam ), 23 ( camdrika dau ) (22) kalidasadeh, 4 1. vanamali was a champion of Madhva philosophy. As he hailed from the neighbourhood of Vrndavana, the centre of Krsna worship in the United Provinces, it seems that Madhvaism had spread far and wide from its original home in South India at the time of Vanamalin's literary career, say, between A. D. 1575 and 1650 . S.I.L.H.-15

Folio 5- " tathahi | vedamta pravadamti netikaranam visnum kuto vairidam ksepistadi giramiva prathamataste vau nu vahayata | vedamta athava japaya visadunmantra yatha kevalam dharmade pramitirbhavetprathamatah kamdattava ( ? ) jnatavit || (22) bhattamate, 5 (23) prabhakaramate, 5 (24) anuvyakhyane, 5, 7 Folio 6 - " tathahi | tarkenarsagiram kathamcidapi nah pramanyamuktam nahi nyayan kamcana soryapan bhavati camgam brahmamimamsane | siddhamtadvatitadviyojanakata vedamtavaca tato " " vrttam na prakrte virodhya viditarthajnapane mamdadhih || Folio 6 - " tathahi | bodhyam syadyadi nirgunasrutiganaih ....grhnatah || " Folio 7 - " aha | asrausisvamidam kutah ... sastram vicayam kvacit || 12 || " " yatena sisyasya ... sastravedyam katham 66 (25) nyayamrte, 7 - " syat || Folio 8 - " sastranarambhane nagunaciti ... ekata syannajive || 14 || " (26) nyayasudhayam, 8, 11 ( sudhayam ), 12, 15. 23, 24, 26, 27, 52 Folio 10- " amitamahima visnoricchaya ...bhyupetah paresah || 16 || Folio 11 - " abhedo yatra siddho hi ... svabhavah savisesakah || 17 || Folio 12- - " sviye purnasukhe harau gunanidhau ... yogo hi vrtteh pura || 18 || " api ca nayamimam manyate ... pralapasi kathamittham purvapakse - " kubuddhe || 19 || " " Folio 15 - " jivabhinnesvare mane ... narabhyam mananam tatah || 20 || - " prathama nayanirase karanam ... sarvotpatti sista || 21 || Folio 16 - " abhijagunanikete ... brahmavaca vidhatum || 22 || " Folio 17 - " abhidadhati sadhamrmma ... kena nairgunyavacam || 23 || - - " danavakya ... pranavadyasca vakyatah || 24 || (27) garudokti, 17, 36 - Folio 18 - " anamdanam vadamtyamitataratamatam ... jyotirapyastu guptam || 25 || " Folio 19 - " anekasve karave ... vada katham hi sijarivai || 26 || " 'jnasetyadi giro vadamti ... naiva pravestum ksamah || 27 || "

Folio 20 - " dharmigrahakamanena ... apahartum na sakyate || 28 || " Folio 22 - " ksetrotpannadhane ... puranottaram || 28 || " (28) bhamatyam, 24, 26 (24) tatvaprakasikayam, 24 (25) bhasyakrta, 24 88 Folio 26 - " duhkhadi svamita ... tvadrsa dvesadustah || 30 || " 88 Folio 28 - " jijnasanayagocarastanumrto ... prasamgat tatha || 37 || " 88 Folio 30 - " anyonyam virasa guna ... ralpajnatayam sphutam || - " viruddhe jenagre ... sambhavati no || 39 || " " Folio 31 - " prabalyadini gadyate krtagiram ... srutisikhadhyaksanumanairuja - (26) kaumarilanam, 33 (27) tamtraratne, 34 (28) varadarajiye, 34, (sabdamtaradhikarane, samkhyadhikarane ) Folio 36 - " mamdane madhvatamtrasya khamdane ca suradruham | - vanamalikrtam bhati jijnasanyayavarnanam || 3 || " 227 222 ||| 41 || " Folio 37 - " rudyabrahmani samkite tanudhare ... muladyabhinne harau || " - " brahmabhedagirah kvacittanubhrto ...na kopyekakah || 45 || Folio 39 - " yogalimgitarudhito vadati hi ... mukhyarthakatvam bhavet ' 88 Folio 42- mamdane madhvatamtrasya khamdane ca suraguham | Folio 43 - vanamalikrtam bhati janmadinyayavarnanam || 3|| " - " sarvesam vava (?) sim samanvayavidhe - srautyo girah sarvatha || " 1 - - 88 " sadekamhye (?)vasi ... avarjanagiram || Folio 44 - " kimca srastumapisvarasya ... haresyadyatha || - " vikalponusthane ... vacaste gatabhava || " " Folio 45 - " manam naivastibhede ... nyayapida ca nasti | " Folio 46 - " mamdane madhvatamtrasya khamdane ca suraduham | - 66 vanamalikrtam bhati sastrayoninirupanam || abhidadhati giro ya ... naivastimanam mukumdat || " Folio 47 - " drsto visvaniyamakom .. siddhirna vai vastutah || Folio 48 - " nrhariharavidhinam ... yo visesatpravrttah || || " - - (29) narayaniyakhyana, 48 "

(30) harivamsa, 50 Folio 50 - " mamdane madhvatamtrasya khamdane ca suraguham | Folio 51 - - - 88 " vanamalikrtam bhati samanvayanirupanam || " srutvanamtagunam harim ... brahmatvamisanugah || " dhyanenadhigamayavasruticaya ... vyartha bhavepustada || " Folio 52 - " mamdane madhvatamtrasya khamdane ca suradruham | - - vanamalikrtam bhati hi ksatinyayavarnanam || pamcanyayah samicinam varnita vanamalina | mayavadimukham bhamktva madhvatamtrasya mamdane || (31) gramthasya cavasistasya tatpartham samasena nirupyate || " " etc. " uktahi manoramayam asvaka ityatrasvasabdo asva vartate kanpratyayastu prati- krtirupe sadrse ityeke | anye tu gaurvahika itivat asvasabdah (Folio 57 ) (32) maghakavye, 57 (33) bhagavatpadaih, 58 (34) vasistha ramayane, 61 (aimdavopakhyane ) 1 (35) smrteh, 62 (isvarah sarvabhutanam hrdeserjuna tisthati ) - There are some other verses of the Gita quoted in the work. The foregoing analysis of the MS of marutamamdana before us enables us to make the following observations :- (1) The work n is avowedly composed in defence of the Madhva doctrine by its author as expressly stated in the oft-repeated verse "mamdane madhvatamtrasya etc." on folios 36, 42, 46, 50, 52. (2) The later limit to the date of marutamamdana is A. D. 1685 in which year the present MS of this work was copied. (3) The reference to manorama on folio 57 (No. 31 in the above list ) needs to be identified. If it is identified with the praudhamanorama of Bhattoji Diksita ( Between A. D. 1560 and 1620) we may easily fix up vanamalin between say A. D. 1600 and 1685. (4) The nyayamrta ' mentioned on folio 7 ( No. 25 of the list of Vide p. 172 of Adyar Sanskrit MSS Cata. Part II (1928)- "nyaya- mrta saugandhyam vanamalikrta - 26 D 26 gra 86 asa (sithilam )" - Perhaps this may be a work of the author of marutamandana, -

references) is possibly identical with the nyayamrta of vyasa at of the Madhva school; he died in A. D. 1533 (vide p . 753 of gaf by Chitrav Shastri, Poona, 1937). Prof. B. N. K. Sarma assigns ac to the period A. D. 1478-1539 (NIA, II, p. 659). (5) The or a quoted several times in the work (No. 26 of the list) is possibly identical with the Fara com mentary on the anuvyakhyana of anamdatirtha ) by jayatirtha , who flourished between A. D. 1366 and 1389 (see p . 394 of - yugina caritrakosa ). (6) The aq (No. 21 of the list) is possibly identical with the tatparyacandrika of vyasatirtha which is a commentary on the tatvaprakasika of jayatirtha . This taratra prakasika (No. 24 of the list) is a commentary on the brahmasutrabhasya of anandatirtha . (7) Owing to the loss of the 1 st folio of the MS of the GAI am unable to say what information it contained about the author and his work. In my analysis of the MS I have indicated several verses quoted by Vanamalin during the course of his polemical discussion. Though incorrectly written, these verses are good composition but I cannot say if they are Vanamalin's own composition or his teacher's. On folios 3 and 4 he refers to his teacher "" who needs to be identified. Perhaps the first folio now missing in our MS may have contained a reference to this acarya . , (8) I have reserved for another paper a study of the other works of our Vanamalin, some MSS of which have been traced by me in the Govt. MSS library at the B.O.R. Institute. In three' of these works Vanamalin refers to his teacher as marut in the expressions " acaryan srimarunmukhyan " " marutamacarya " and " marudamsa . Perhaps the name maruta- " "of the present work may contain a reference to this teacher marut . In view of the data collected above I am inclined to assign vanamalin, the author of the marutamandana, to the period, A. D. 1575-1650. 1. These works are :- (1) advaitasiddhikhandana, (2) srutisiddhantadipika (MS dated A. D. 1692) and (3). nyayamrtasaugandhyam The (Adyar MS) may be our author's work. The Adyar MS of the work needs to be examined with a view to proving this suggestion.