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The stimulative aspect of the Sun is represented by the form 厂补惫颈迟峁� in the Vedic literature. Though there is contradiction among the scholars regarding the abstraction of the deity, yet 厂补惫颈迟峁� cannot be a mere abstract deity as because anthropomorphism of his personality is well cited in the Vedas who is called 丑颈谤补峁噛腻办峁�a岣�,^[1] i.e. golden-eyed, 丑颈谤补峁噛补辫腻峁噄,^[2] i.e. gold-handed, etc.

The golden deity 厂补惫颈迟峁� is mentioned in the Vedas as the supporter of the sky, i.e. divo 诲丑补谤迟腻.^[3] S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya interprets the term divo 诲丑补谤迟腻 in the relevant passages as 诲颈惫补岣� dyulokasya 诲丑补谤迟腻 诲丑腻谤补办补岣�^[4] or 诲颈惫补岣� dyulokasya 诲丑补谤迟腻 dh膩rayit膩 补惫补蝉迟丑腻辫补测颈迟腻 v腻/^[5] 厂补惫颈迟峁� supports the sky with his stimulative rays.

He is referred to in the 峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 as the supporter of the whole world:

na pramiye saviturdaivyasya tadyath膩 惫颈艣惫补峁� 产丑耻惫补苍补峁� 诲丑腻谤补测颈峁�y补迟颈/^[6]

厂补惫颈迟峁� diffuses his rays preceded by U峁�as,^[7] impels 厂奴谤测补,^[8] and impels the car of the 础艣惫颈苍蝉.^[9] S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya has interpreted the identification of the two divinities, 厂补惫颈迟峁� and 厂奴谤测补 by saying that though they are same as regards their divinity, but they are different in their forms and one may go to the other, cf.,

yadyapisavit峁泂奴ryayorekadevat膩tvam tath膩pi m奴rttibhedena gant峁沢antavyabh膩va岣�.^[10]

In the 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, they are said as identical,^[11] in the 鲍辫补苍颈峁�a诲蝉 by means of 厂补惫颈迟峁� prayer, the worship of the Sun is ordained.^[12]

The atmospheric character of 厂补惫颈迟峁� becomes clear with his portrayal in the Vedas as the illuminator of the three regions, viz. the air, heaven and earth.^[13] The brightness of the deity illumines the eight points of the earth, along with three desert regions and the seven rivers. ^[14]

S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya in his commentary on the respective passage has pointed out the eight points of the earth and the three desert and seven rivers thus:

辫峁泃丑颈惫测腻岣� 蝉补峁僢补苍诲丑颈苍墨岣� 补峁ａ弓补耻 办补办耻产丑补岣� 辫谤腻肠测腻诲测腻艣肠补迟补蝉谤辞 诲颈艣补 腻驳苍别测测腻诲测腻艣肠补迟补蝉谤辞 vi诲颈艣补 ityevam补峁ａ弓补耻 诲颈艣补岣� vyakhyat 蝉补惫颈迟腻 prak膩艣itav膩n/ tath膩 测辞箩补苍腻 辫谤腻峁噄苍补岣� svasvabhogena yojayit峁沶 dhanva antarik峁�opalak峁�it膩n tr墨 trisa峁僰hy膩k膩n p峁泃hivy膩dilok膩n sapta sindh奴n ga峁単膩dinad墨岣� 蝉补尘耻诲谤腻苍惫腻 蝉补惫颈迟腻 vyakhyat/^[15]

Besides this, 厂补惫颈迟峁� conveys the departed spirit to the righteous.^[16]

厂补惫颈迟峁� is mentioned as the rays of the Sun in the Vedas.^[17]

He stretches out his light continually from the east, shining with the rays of the Sun, cf.,

蝉奴谤测补谤补艣尘颈谤丑补谤颈办别艣补岣� 辫耻谤补蝉迟腻迟蝉补惫颈迟腻 箩测辞迟颈谤耻诲测腻苍补箩补蝉谤补尘/^[18]

Thus, he gives light and disperses darkness from the world.^[19] He is mentioned in the Vedas as the highest light: 颈诲补峁� 艣谤别峁ａ弓丑补峁� 箩测辞迟颈峁Ｄ佱箖 箩测辞迟颈岣�.^[20] He is worshipped to bring the light.^[21] His paths in the firmament are said as dustless and easy to traverse.^[22] By two radiant steeds or by two or more brown, white-footed horses, his car is drawn in the sky.^[23] Observing all the creatures, he moves on a downward and upward path and arouses the mortal and immortal.^[24]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 1.35.8; 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 34.24

[2]:

峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 1.22.5; 35.9;Atharvavedasa峁僪it膩,3.21.8;7.15.2

[3]:

cf., divo 诲丑补谤迟腻 bhuvanasya 辫谤补箩腻辫补迟颈岣� 辫颈艣补峁単补峁� 诲谤腻辫颈峁� prati 尘耻帽肠补迟别 办补惫颈岣�/惫颈肠补办峁�a峁嘺岣� prathayannap峁涐箛annurvaj墨janat蝉补惫颈迟腻 sumnamukthyam// 峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 4.53.2

[4]:

S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya, Ibid., 4.53.2

[5]:

S膩ya峁嚹乧膩ry, Ibid., 10.149.4

[6]:

峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 4.54.4

[7]:

cf., vya帽jate divo ante峁�vakt奴nvi艣o na 测耻办迟腻 u峁�aso yatante/ sa峁� te g膩vastama 膩 vartayanti jyotiryacchati saviteva b膩h奴// Ibid., 7.79.2

[8]:

cf., 丑颈谤补峁噛补辫腻峁噄岣� 蝉补惫颈迟腻 vicar峁�a峁噄rubhe dy膩v膩p峁泃hiv墨 antar墨yate/ ap膩m墨v膩峁� b膩dhate veti s奴ryamabhi k峁涐梗峁噀na rajas膩 dy膩m峁涐箛oti// Ibid., 1.35.9

[9]:

cf., yuvorhi 辫奴谤惫补峁� savito峁�aso rathm峁泃膩ya 肠颈迟谤补峁� dh峁泃avantami峁�yati// Ibid., 1.34.10

[10]:

S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya, Ibid.,1.35.9

[11]:

cf., 蝉补惫颈迟腻 vai dev膩n膩峁� pra蝉补惫颈迟腻 pra蝉补惫颈迟腻 vai 办峁�a迟迟腻 tasm膩ts膩vitr墨 bhavatyetadv膩使asyaik膩峁價atna峁�

[12]:

cf., tat savitur vare峁噛am ityasau v膩 腻诲颈迟测补岣� 蝉补惫颈迟腻 sa v膩 evam pravara峁嚹珁a 膩tmak膩menety膩hurbrahmav膩dino使tha bhargo devasya dh墨mah墨ti, 蝉补惫颈迟腻 vai devas tato yo使sya bharg膩khyas tam cintay膩m墨ty膩hur brahmav膩dino使tha dhiyo yo na岣� 辫谤补肠辞诲补测腻迟 颈迟颈鈥�/ 惭补颈迟谤墨. U. 6.7

[13]:

cf., tisro dy膩va岣� saviturdv膩 upasth膩帽 ek膩 yamasya bhuvane vir膩峁Ｄ佱弓 /膩峁噄峁� na rathy膩m峁泃膩dhi tasthuriha

[14]:

cf., 补峁ａ弓补耻 vyakhyat办补办耻产丑补岣� p峁泃hivy膩str墨 dhanva 测辞箩补苍腻 sapta sindh奴n/ Ibid., 1.35.8

[15]:

S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya, Ibid.

[16]:

cf., 膩yur惫颈艣惫腻yu岣� 辫补谤颈峁� p膩sati tv膩 辫奴峁Ｄ� 迟惫腻峁� 辫腻迟耻 prapathe 辫耻谤补蝉迟腻迟/ yatr膩sate suk峁泃o yatra te yay奴statra tv膩 诲别惫补岣� 蝉补惫颈迟腻 dadh膩tu// 峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻,10.17.4

[17]:

cf., 膩pr膩 dy膩v膩p峁泃hiv墨 补苍迟补谤颈办峁�a峁� vi s奴ryo ra艣mibhi艣cekit膩na岣�// Ibid., 4.14.2 uta y膩si savitastr墨峁噄 rocanota s奴ryasya ra艣mibhi岣� samucyasi/ Ibid., 5.81.4

[18]:

Ibid., 10.139.1

[19]:

cf., abh墨v峁泃a峁� k峁浥沘nairvi艣var奴pa峁� hira峁噛a艣amya峁� yajato b峁沨antam/ 膩sth膩dratha峁� 蝉补惫颈迟腻 肠颈迟谤补产丑腻苍耻岣� 办峁涐梗峁嚹� raj膩峁僺i tavi峁Ｄ�峁� dadh膩na岣�// Ibid., 1.35.4

[20]:

Ibid., 1.113.1

[21]:

cf., urdhv膩 yasy膩matirbh膩 adidyutat sav墨mani/ 丑颈谤补峁噛补辫腻峁噄ramim墨ta 蝉耻办谤补迟耻岣� k峁沺膩t sva岣�// Atharvavedasa峁僪it膩, 7.14.2; 艢补迟补辫补迟丑补产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 3.3.2.12

[22]:

cf., ye te panth膩岣� 蝉补惫颈迟补岣� 辫奴谤惫测腻蝉辞鈥�谤别峁嘺惫补岣� 蝉耻办峁泃腻 antarik峁�e/ 峁欢惫别诲补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 1.35.11

[23]:

cf., 膩 devo y膩tu 蝉补惫颈迟腻 suratno使ntarik峁�apr膩 vaham膩no a艣vai岣�/ Ibid., 7.45.1

[24]:

cf., 膩 k峁涐梗峁噀na rajas膩 vartam膩no nive艣ayannam峁泃a峁� 尘补谤迟测补峁� ca/hira峁噛ayena 蝉补惫颈迟腻 rathen膩 devo 测腻迟颈 bhuvan膩ni pa艣yan//测腻迟颈 诲别惫补岣� pravat膩 y膩tyuvdat膩 测腻迟颈 艣ubhr膩bhy膩峁� yajato haribhy膩m/膩 devo 测腻迟颈 蝉补惫颈迟腻 par膩vato使pa 惫颈艣惫腻 durit膩 b膩dham膩na岣�// Ibid., 1.35.2,3