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The Epics and the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 speak for the first time of 辫奴箩腻蝉 a form of worshipping gods. Generally speaking, this form of worship seems to have been originally restricted only to the great gods, with the exception of 叠谤补丑尘腻. The Sun god is sometimes identified with 艢颈惫补 and sometimes with 痴颈峁ａ箛耻; probably on account of this identification this god also is offered 笔奴箩腻. Thus the 辫补帽肠腻测补迟补苍补辫奴箩腻, that is to say, the worship of the five gods 骋补峁噀艣补, 厂奴谤测补, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, 艢颈惫补 and 艢补办迟颈 has been widely prevalent all along. This 辫补帽肠腻测补迟补苍补辫奴箩腻 must be dated back to fire early times, for the god 艢颈惫补 himself is said to have started it. In as much as the 艢颈惫补辫奴箩腻 itself is concerned, its popularity becomes quite evident from the many references to it occurring in the epics and the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉.

By and large, 辫奴箩腻 as reflected in the Epics and the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 may be equated with up膩艣an膩, sapary膩, 膩radhan膩, or 补谤肠补苍腻. This form of worship involves the employment of a variety of 辫耻箩辞辫补办补谤补峁嘺蝉 and 辫奴箩腻蝉a峁僢h膩ras. These many kinds of utensils, flowers, sandalwood, dhupa, 诲墨辫补, and various articles of 耻辫补肠腻谤补 like 诲补谤辫补峁嘺, chatra, 肠腻尘补谤补, vyajana, 辫补迟腻办补 and 迟腻濒补惫峁沶迟补. 艢补峁卥丑补 and 驳丑补峁囜弓腻 are also mentioned as accessories of the 辫奴箩腻. Over time, the 辫奴箩腻 rituals came to be further elaborated. The idol of the divinity constitutes the essential basis of all 辫奴箩腻 rites. Vedic mantras were often recited to accompany these rites. For instance, Vedic Mantras were recited when the idol was bathed or when the naivedya was made and 耻辫补肠腻谤补s were offered to it. Thus, the same kind of connection was attempted to be maintained between the 辫奴箩腻 and the Vedic chanting.

The 辫奴箩补 form of worship which in its initial stages was pre-sum ably more or less simple became more and more elaborate, particularly in the case of 艢补颈惫颈蝉尘. The 膧驳补尘补蝉 seemed to have paved the way for such an elaborated system of worship.

Stating that 艢颈惫补 could be conceived and worshipped in various ways. The main 膧驳补尘补蝉, namely, 碍腻谤补峁嘺, 碍腻尘颈办补, Suprabheda, Raurava and Ajita, have described in detail the various images of 艢颈惫补. They also describe the rituals relating to the installation (辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻) of these images. These 膧驳补尘补蝉 concern themselves for the most part with the rituals relating to these images. Such rituals are of two kinds, those which are to be performed daily (nitya) and those which are to be performed on special occasions (naimittika). The process of elaborating upon the 艢补颈惫补 辫奴箩腻 ritual which seems to have been stated in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 may be said to have reached its culmination in the 膧驳补尘颈肠 艢补颈惫补 rituals. In these works we only see the 辫奴箩腻 ritual in its early development and growth. As a matter of fact, the epics make but very curt references to this worship.

On the other hand, the importance of 辫奴箩腻 is fully realized and frequently proclaimed in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. In the following statement from the 尝颈峁単补 pur膩峁嘺.

痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is described to have worshipped 艢颈惫补 with flowers to the accompaniment of the recital of the one thousand names of 艢颈惫补. The importance of 耻辫腻蝉补苍腻 in general is pointed out in the 尝颈峁単补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, but special emphasis has been placed there on the 艢颈惫补 辫奴箩腻. The Skanda 笔耻谤补峁嘺 gives a detailed description of the 艢颈惫补 辫奴箩腻. The advantages of worshipping 艢颈惫补 and the disadvantage of not worshipping him are often recounted.

One should worship gods with his own mantras, with flowers, leaves and water, 叠谤补丑尘腻 艢补峁卥补谤补鈥︹赌�

Flowers, 诲丑奴辫补, 诲墨辫补 and naivedya are often specially mentioned as the requisites of the 辫奴箩腻. 笔耻箩腻 with gandha, 笔耻峁�p补 and 补办峁ａ弓补 is found in the 艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺. Various other aspects of the 辫奴箩腻 such as 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补, 辫谤补诲补办峁�i峁嘺 and 苍测腻蝉补 are found in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉^[1]. 叠丑奴迟补艣耻诲诲丑颈 and 苍腻岣嵞�艣o诲丑补苍腻 are among the rites mentioned in the 顿别惫墨产丑腻驳补惫补迟补-笔耻谤腻峁嘺.

In this chapter, such as 测补箩帽补, tapas, 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉, stotras, 诲丑测腻苍补 and vrata, are harmoniously blended into the 辫奴箩腻 ritual, and we find a reflection of all with the fully developed form of that ritual, best recorded in the 膧驳补尘补蝉. It is this fully developed form of 辫奴箩腻 which is prevalent in the temples of the South. As mentioned elsewhere, the 膧驳补尘补蝉, regarded as the principal authoritative texts dealing with the 辫奴箩腻 ritual, are 28 in number. The 膧驳补尘补蝉 have given rise to several manuals or paddhatis which help the worshipers with many practical details in connection with these rituals.The worship of 艢颈惫补 an indication of some of these has already been describe. A few more may be referred to at this stage. The bilva tree, for instance, is represented in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 as being sacred to 艢颈惫补, the triploid leaves of the tree are therefore offered to the god in 辫奴箩腻.

Similarly, bhasma (holy ash) is mentioned in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 being of high significance to 艢aivites.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

CF.MatsyaP., 54.8-23